Min blockchain

1. In recent years, e to the waste of resources, unstable block output and computing power attack of pow, although POW is recognized as the most widely used and secure consensus mechanism, there is still a great risk of being attacked for the block chain with insufficient computing power in the whole network. More and more consensus mechanisms are proposed to be used in blockchain projects for trial and experiment. Dpos is one of the mainstream consensus mechanisms, and LBTC has adopted this mechanism. Dpos ensures that the voting right is in the hands of the coin holder, so the coin holder will be able to choose whether to pass the motion by voting, so as to determine the development direction of the project. At the same time, it also means that the development direction of the project depends on the hands of the people who care about the project itself, and the power of wisdom will promote the better development of the project. At the same time, the advantages of dpos mechanism are that there is no computing power attack, strictly abide by the time block and save resources
the number of nodes of LBTC is 101. Compared with 21 or 51 nodes, the coin holder can vote for 51 nodes at most once in the wallet of LBTC, which further reces the risk of centralization; LBTC can output blocks stably in 3 seconds, and the block size of 2m ensures that LBTC is 400 times more efficient than bitcoin, and the transaction speed can reach more than 2000 transactions per second; The most important difference between LBTC and other projects is that LBTC's dpos mechanism has the rule of irreversible block. When the number of block agents reaches 90% or more in one round, or when the number of block agents exceeds 70%, the first block in the previous round can be considered as irreversible, so as to prevent bifurcation.

2. If your money withdrawal application is approved but has not been received, it is generally a block confirmation problem. The block confirmation time generally ranges from 10 minutes to 1 hour. Due to the blockchain network, it may take longer. Wait slowly, don't worry.

3. XRP uses a confirmation in all major exchanges to get to the account. The premise is that the address and label should be filled in correctly. A confirmation in XRP network usually takes 1-10 minutes to get to the account, sometimes it takes half an hour. In this case, the exchange or the sender and receiver spend more time in the security verification accounting system
conclusion: within 0-30 minutes, XRP is translated into reborn coin in Chinese, which is an abbreviation of blockchain project token with high consensus in developed countries. It has been widely used in banks of major cross-border payment systems. The overall market value is in the top five, which can be obtained from mytoken, non trumpet, coinmarketcap and other well-known query websites

it may be incorrect, but please don't insult yourself by answering the wrong questions. The network should also be controlled.

4. Most of the members of the contentbox team graated from Peking University, Fudan and other famous universities. They have worked in Google, Facebook, Bai and other well-known Internet companies, and have experienced in mobile application development and blockchain projects. The consultant team includes min Kim, a marketing expert of blockchain project, Hongwei Zhang, a distributed computing expert, Shen Bo, Tian Jia and other well-known investors.

5.

reprint the reply of Dr. Tan Yiyong, founder of Fanrong Technology:

consensus is the core algorithm of blockchain technology, which also basically determines the efficiency of the chain. Blocks are what machines need to agree on. At the account level, through the Merkle verification tree of OLOG (n), the tampered data can be quickly located, the user balance can be safely obtained by traversing statetree, and the occurrence of double flowers can be prevented

through consensus algorithm, blockchain is the foundation of trust between machines, which is to solve the Byzantine general problem in practice. In BFT, 3F + 1 & lt; N can be said to be an important consensus theory. In practice, BFT has a variety of variants: pbft, rbft, Q / u, HQ, zyzzyva, abstracts, aardvark, adapt, a2m-pbft-eaandminbft, etc. These algorithms, according to different scenarios, optimize the efficiency from the aspects of message broadcast mode, node network topology, hardware configuration and so on. The goal of consensus is to reach consensus, and the final solution is to vote, whether it's BFT, pow, POS, dpos... Voting is a bit like the proction mode of human beings. In the blockchain, it's machine voting. BFT is similar to 4pc (four stage) submission, which consists of four stages: prepare, prepare, commit and reply. In each stage, messages are broadcast to all nodes in the network to participate in the voting of the next stage

The biggest problem of

BFT is the broadcast of messages between nodes, which will be especially large. And the node base of this message voting must be determined in advance. Considering the poor voting performance of BFT, we propose a scheme that allows BFT to participate in only a few voting processes, such as the base number of nodes. Suppose there are 100 candidate nodes, how to select 21? How many blocks are recorded in each node? Can these 100 nodes reach the current highest level, and can the network delay and other performance meet the standard? This information actually has nothing to do with our transaction. But it will affect the performance of the whole chain. We use pbft to solve the problem of node base, which provides a higher and more efficient infrastructure for subsequent transaction broadcast and block voting. At this level, everyone is equal and has no right to participate

next, raft is a leader follow algorithm. In each round of term, a leader will be randomly selected to collect and broadcast the transaction, and other nodes will follow the information of the master node. In the application of vertical blockchain 3.0, the performance of VM on the chain is required to be higher than that of EVM. For example, if every node in the main server of the game participates in the VM calculation, it will cause a lot of waste of resources. In the big data processing system, raft can solve the problem of division of labor, be a scheler of work, and distribute tasks to different node machines fairly and safely. The advantage is that we can build a super machine through several machines. Raft consensus: in our chain, it is responsible for the verification and broadcast distribution of transactions, which is the basis of blocking. If all transactions are wrong, there is no need to enter the block

finally, we combine the dpos consensus algorithm to randomly generate the current rotation node, package the verified transactions and broadcast the block header. The block is just a header verification information, which can reach each machine quickly. As for the node of rotation, we think that a node records a block every time. The block speed is determined by the better nodes in the network, which constitute the super node accounting mode

6. Satellite based CNS / ATM System & lt; 2> The system consists of three parts: space, airborne and ground. The space part includes all the constellations of GNSS and the onboard part of GNSS, including GNSS receivers, various data and voice communication devices and communication managers. The ground part is the voice communication facilities and communication manager, data processing, data display, ATM workstation and automation equipment. In addition, it also includes the reference station and monitoring station to improve the accuracy of GNSS by using differential technology. 1. Space system the new CNS / ATM space system is a pure space system whose navigation, surveillance and communication functions are dependent on space satellites. There are GNSS navigation satellites, including GPS, GLONASS and INMARSAT - Ⅲ; Surveillance communication satellite (SD); Such as synchronous communication satellite or aeronautical mobile communication satellite (AMSS). The position data of the aircraft is transmitted to the ground satellite control center (SCC) by SD, and the command and request data are injected into SD by SCC and then transmitted to the aircraft. SCC collects and processes surveillance data and communicates with aircraft and control center. The other is the air ground combined system, which will not be introced here. The main tasks are aircraft navigation, approach and landing, air to ground communication and so on. The core of the system is the navigation processor, which not only completes the navigation calculation, but also completes the navigation calculation; And to control the communication, we also need to support a variety of display devices. Communication includes data communication and digital voice communication to realize air ground plex data exchange. 3. Ground system the ground system mainly includes ground radar network chain, VHF network, ARTCC and TCC, as well as DGNSS reference station, etc. its main task is to carry out traffic management on the air plane, so as to make it fly safely and orderly and land in order, so as to improve the space utilization rate and further improve the operation efficiency. DGNSS provides GNSS information to ARTCC for aircraft navigation and monitoring: ARTCC mainly provides route service and serves as the communication interface between TCCS; TCC performs flight management in terminal area; Ensure the safe take-off and landing of the aircraft. 4. Working principle of the system. The satellite system has global coverage, all-weather communication, navigation and monitoring capabilities. The function of navigation is to provide position, speed, course and time navigation information to the aircraft in ATM system; Surveillance is to provide reliable and safe flight management information to the controlled aircraft; Communication is to complete data exchange between the ground and aircraft, including voice and data communication. From the perspective of security, ATM system requires the independence of monitoring and navigation, so that the two functions can backup each other. The navigation and monitoring of traditional ATM equipment are independent of each other, while ATM system based on satellite can combine navigation and monitoring well. The combination of GNSS satellite information and ground radar is used for surveillance, and only GNSS can be used for route surveillance in some areas, which not only ensures the relative independence of surveillance and navigation, but also improves the surveillance accuracy. In the process of surveillance, the acquisition and tracking of aircraft information takes a certain time, and the acquisition process involves the identification and initial position determination of new aircraft entering the control area. When the ground control center obtains enough information, the monitoring process will be tracked. In the process of tracking, the aircraft regularly provides data to the ground through the air ground communication chain, and the control center receives the data reported by the aircraft through query mode or TDMA mode. GNSS satellite information for navigation is mainly GPS, which provides the information needed for aircraft navigation and displays it to the pilot in various ways. On the one hand, the positioning data measured by the pseudo range is sent to the ground control center through the air / ground data link; On the other hand, when the aircraft responds to the query from the ground control center or TDMA access, it sends out the appropriate ranging code signal, and the ground equipment can determine the position of the aircraft by measuring and processing the relative arrival time of the ranging signal. In addition to providing control information to the aircraft, the ground / air data link can also provide the aircraft with differential correction data, satellite and ground control center quality status and other information, so as to ensure the reliability and accuracy of navigation and monitoring, rece the flight gap, increase the flight flow, make the aircraft fly with the best flight trajectory and flight profile, rece costs and improve economic benefits, At the same time, it can rece the delay caused by weather and improve the flight punctuality. System features the new navigation system is based on satellite navigation, satellite communication and data communication technology, covering the ocean and remote areas and high altitude, forming a continuous seamless working range, which can implement accurate, real-time, effective navigation, monitoring and automatic management in all stages of aircraft navigation on a global scale 1) GNSS is the core of navigation, which can not only provide high-precision and perfect navigation service for route, terminal and non precision approach, but also improve precision positioning ability, realize four-dimensional navigation and regional navigation, expand short direct flight route and expand flight freedom. DGNSS can also be used for high-level precision approach and landing, which can rece the types of airborne navigation equipment 2) Data communication makes the communication between airborne system and ground system more real-time and more accurate. The realization of digital data exchange can not only improve the management of data processing and information transmission, improve the automation of air traffic management, but also rece channel congestion and communication errors, make the data more accurate and help to improve flight safety 3) Automatic correlation monitoring combines high-precision satellite navigation with data communication, which not only expands the monitoring capability and shortens the flight interval, but also enables the air traffic management center to rece the demand for ground equipment when it comprehensively, real-time and accurately grasps the air situation, thus recing the cost of infrastructure construction and maintenance 4) Air traffic management is an automatic management based on new communication, navigation and monitoring. It can provide the best flight profile and flexible flow control for aircraft, improve the real-time and adaptability of traffic control, and transition from proceral control to tactical control. 2. System benefit according to ICAO cost / benefit analysis, the investment / benefit ratio is about 1:8, and the equipment cost of the new system is only 15-30% of that of the land-based system; The new system can save 5-10% of fuel and flight time. Based on the German ATC system of Samsung (navigation, communication and meteorology) and the marine ATC system of the United States, the vertical distance of the same aircraft is reced from 609.6m to 304.8m, the distance between the tail and head is reced from 128.7-160.9 km to 42.3 km, that is, the time between the front and back can be reced from 10-15 min to 4 min, and the lateral distance of the parallel aircraft is reced from 160.9 km to 42.3 km. It is estimated that the above flight benefits are only in the North Atlantic airspace and can generate nearly US $100 million in profits every year. Therefore, the satellite based marine ATC system has become a key research project of American FAA. China has a vast land and sea airspace, and the construction of satellite based ATM system has been put on our agenda urgently. The new navigation system is a globally coordinated development system. Since it was discussed and adopted by the 29th ICAO conference in October 1992, many countries, regions and international organizations have taken active actions and carried out extensive and close cooperation in order to effectively implement the system. In January 1995, CAAC officially approved and promulgated the "new CNS / ATM implementation policy of CAAC", which has defined the principles and technical policies and is planned to be implemented graally in 15-20 years

7. The scheme belongs to the technical field of fracturing fluid used in petroleum development, and specifically relates to a salt resistant multifunctional fracturing fluid and a preparation method thereof<

background technology:
fracturing fluid is a kind of fluid used in the process of fluid mining (gas, steam, oil, fresh water, salt water, hot water, etc.) in order to obtain high yield by using liquid conctivity (such as hydraulic) fracturing measures
the traditional fracturing fluid is basically plant or derivative scraping glue (powder) and synthetic polymer (solid particles), which has the disadvantages of complex preparation, short storage time, high wear resistance, and can not be used in oil and gas wells with high salinity, so it is greatly affected by the area
therefore, we should continue to develop a fracturing fluid with high temperature resistance, high shear resistance and low resistance rection rate< The aim of the invention is to provide a salt resistant multifunctional fracturing fluid with high temperature resistance, high shear resistance and low resistance rection rate
in order to achieve the above purpose, this scheme provides a salt resistant multifunctional fracturing fluid, including the following mass ratio components: HY-2 drag recer 0.2% - 0.4%, anti swelling agent 0.05% - 0.13%, demulsification and drainage aid 0.05% - 0.12%, crosslinking agent 0.2% - 0.4%, gel breaker 0.04% - 0.15%, and the remaining water; The HY-2 resistance recing agent is anionic polyacrylamide, and the anti swelling agent is cationic quaternary ammonium salt
furthermore, the HY-2 drag recer is 0.3%, the anti swelling agent is 0.1%, the demulsifying and drainage aid is 0.1%, the crosslinking agent is 0.3%, the gel breaker is 0.1%, and the remaining amount is water
furthermore, the demulsifying and drainage aid is polyether
furthermore, the crosslinking agent is an aldehyde
furthermore, the breaker is ammonium persulfate
the effect of the salt resistant multifunctional fracturing fluid is: through the unique raw material ratio, it has high viscosity, strong temperature resistance, shear resistance, low resistance rate, and meets the complex construction requirements of the mining area
another object of the invention is to provide a preparation method of salt resistant multifunctional fracturing fluid, which includes the following steps:
Step 1: take an appropriate amount of resistance recing agent, anti Peng agent and demulsification and drainage aid agent to stand separately, observe whether there is precipitation and stratification for 1 hour, if not, it is qualified
Step 2: add water into the container in proportion, and then add resistance recing agent, anti puff agent and demulsification and drainage aid into the container in proportion, and mix them evenly
Step 3: seal the container and place it in a 40 ℃ water bath for 1 hour
Step 4: add the crosslinking agent into the container according to the proportion and stir evenly to form the gel
Step 5: the solution tested by the hanging method or the huff and puff mping method is the gel fracturing fluid
Step 6: add the breaker into the container according to the proportion, and put the container into a constant temperature water bath at 40 ℃ for 10-15min to complete the hydration gel breaking and obtain the final fracturing fluid
further, in step 4, it is stirred by an electromagnetic stirrer
further, the container is a glass container
the beneficial effects of this method are as follows:
1. The raw materials are qualified, the operation is simple, and the quality of the final proct is ensured
2. The setting of step 3 can greatly improve the stability of fracturing fluid
3. In step 6, putting the container into a constant temperature water bath at 40 ℃ can greatly improve the efficiency of hydration gel breaking and rece the proction cost of the enterprise
4. In step 4, the electromagnetic stirrer is used to stir the gel, which can make the stirring more uniform and the quality of the gel is better
the lifting method in this scheme is to lift the solution in the container with a glass rod. If the solution can be lifted, the solution is a qualified gel fracturing fluid
the huff and puff method in this scheme is as follows: pour out the solution in the container for 2-3cm, if the thickness of the solution is about 1cm, stop for 5 seconds, it is the qualified gel fracturing fluid
illustration of the attached drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the temperature and shear resistance of a salt resistant multifunctional fracturing fluid in the embodiment of the present invention
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the drag rection performance of a salt resistant multifunctional fracturing fluid in the embodiment of the present invention
specific implementation mode
the following is further described in detail through specific implementation mode:
the preparation method of the salt resistant multifunctional fracturing fluid of the invention, and the raw material ratio of each implementation mode and proportion is as follows:
in the above table: HY-2 resistance recing agent is anionic polyacrylamide; The antiswelling agent is cationic quaternary ammonium salt; The demulsifier is polyether; The crosslinking agent is aldehydes; The breaker is ammonium persulfate
the HY-2 drag recer in this scheme is a hydrophobically associating polymer based on acrylamide and polymerized by introcing different functional groups. The characteristics of the polymer are as follows: 1. The main chain structure is - c-c-link, which ensures the good flexibility of the polymer as a whole; 2、 The micro unit group with hydrophobic function is introced into the side chain structure to solve the generation, development and regeneration of fracturing fluid near wall turbulence. The interaction between macromolecular coil stretching and quasi axial vortex inhibits the generation, development and disturbance of vortex; 3、 The hydrophilic ionic groups such as carboxyl, amide and sulfonic groups were introced into the polymer, and the polymer had excellent salt resistance, with the highest salt resistance concentration of 50000ppm; 4、 The molecular weight of the polymer is more than 12 million, and it has good resistance recing and viscosity increasing function; 5、 The physical crosslinking between macromolecules makes the polymer have good shear resistance; 6、 After crosslinking and gel breaking, the polymer has almost no resie and insoluble matter
the specific preparation methods of examples 1-5 and proportion 1 are as follows:
Step 1: take an appropriate amount of drag recer, anti puff agent and demulsifier and drainage aid to stand separately, observe whether there is precipitation and stratification for 1 hour, if not, it is qualified proct
Step 2: add water into the glass container in proportion, and then add resistance recing agent, anti puff agent and demulsification and drainage aid into the glass container in proportion, and mix them evenly
Step 3: seal the glass container and place it in a 40 ℃ water bath for 1 hour
Step 4: add the crosslinking agent into the glass container according to the proportion, and stir it evenly, and use the electromagnetic stirrer to stir it to form the gel
Step 5: lift up the crosslinking fluid to form gel fracturing fluid by hanging method or huff and puff mping method
Step 6: add the gel breaker into the glass container according to the proportion, and put the glass container into a constant temperature water bath at 40 ℃ for 10-15min to complete the hydration gel breaking and obtain the final fracturing fluid
the preparation method of ratio 2 is different from the above method in that all the steps involving HY-2 drag recer are replaced with low molecular weight thickener, and other steps remain unchanged
for the preparation method of ratio 3, step 3 is missing, and other steps remain unchanged
as shown in Figure 1, the salt resistant fracturing fluid in example 1 has strong temperature resistance and shear resistance under different concentrations, under the conditions of 170s-1, 120 ℃ and continuous shear for 120min, the viscosity is maintained above 50MPa. S, which meets the construction requirements. The performance of examples 2-4 is slightly lower, but it also basically meets the construction requirements
as shown in Fig. 2, with the change of time, the resistance rection rate of the salt resistant multi-functional fracturing fluid in example 1 remains stable, always around 73.6%, and the resistance rection rate fully meets the construction requirements. And examples 2-4 can be maintained at about 68%, which basically meets the requirements of construction
the following table is the comparison of the indicators of example 1 and proportion 1, proportion 2 and proportion 3:
to sum up, through the unique raw material ratio and specific preparation method, the prepared proct has high viscosity, strong temperature resistance, shear resistance, low resistance rate and complex construction requirements of the mining area
it should be noted in advance that in the present invention, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", "connection" and "fixation" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, they can be fixed connection, detachable connection or integrated connection; It can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intermediate media, or internal connection of two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific situation
the above description is only the embodiment of the invention, and the common knowledge such as the specific structure and characteristics of the scheme are not described here. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, on the premise of not departing from the structure of the invention, a number of modifications and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the invention. None of these will affect the implementation effect of the invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application shall be subject to the content of the claims. The specific implementation mode and other records in the description can be used to interpret the content of the claims<
learn more about
complete and detailed technical data download
Page 1 1 1 2 3
previous: asset transfer method based on blockchain smart contract Device, system and process
Part 1: oil displacement agent composition and its preparation method and heavy oil viscosity rection huff and puff recovery method and process
related technology
oil displacement agent composition and its preparation method and thick...
an organic profile regulator and its preparation method...
an oil field controllable hydrolytic composite group...
an environment-friendly biomass st suppressor and A kind of hot-melt adhesive for woodworking lamination and its preparation...
a kind of pouring joint adhesive for roof panel and its preparation...
a kind of fire-retardant silicone sealant and its preparation...
a kind of marine fire-retardant sealant and its preparation...
UV heating double curing body for OLED...
there are 0 comments from netizens who have inquired about it I want to make a comment. Wonderful message will be praised
1

wonderful message, I'll like you! Published comments
patent technology classification
machinery, tool manufacturing and application technology of agriculture, forestry, garden, animal husbandry, fertilizer and feed
food, beverage machinery, equipment manufacturing and procts processing, storage technology
tobacco processing equipment manufacturing and tobacco processing technology
clothing, shoes; Cap, jewelry, jewelry manufacturing tools and procts manufacturing technology
improvement of medical technology; Manufacturing and application technology of medical devices
manufacturing and proction technology of household appliances
manufacturing technology of leisure, sports, toys, entertainment appliances and their procts
manufacturing technology of wood processing tools and equipment and their procts
manufacturing technology of textile, weaving and leather procts, Equipment manufacturing and its procts processing technology
building materials and tools manufacturing and its procts processing technology
furniture; Manufacturing technology of door and window procts and accessories; Water supply; Manufacturing and treatment technology of drainage engineering devices
manufacturing and construction technology of road, railway or bridge construction machinery
manufacturing technology of hardware tools and accessories
safety; fire control; Life saving device and its proct manufacturing technology
papermaking; Cellulose; Manufacturing and processing technology of paper procts equipment
printing and typesetting; The manufacturing process of typing device and its procts
office culture and ecation; Binding; Advertising equipment manufacturing and its proct proction process
process procts equipment manufacturing and proction, processing technology
Photography and film; Optical equipment manufacturing and processing, application technology
musical instruments; Acoustic equipment manufacturing and proction, analysis technology
lighting instrial procts manufacturing and application technology
mechanical processing, machine tool metal processing equipment