Academician assembly blockchain

2. It is a blockchain technology promoted by the state. The leader said at the academician conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Sciences that the new generation of information technology represented by artificial intelligence, quantum information, mobile communication, Internet of things and blockchain will accelerate the breakthrough and application, and the State encourages the development of blockchain promotion and application

3. I couldn't decide whether to choose plum blossom or Peony as China's national flower. Later, I chose peony~

4.

Chen Mengxiong (Ministry of land and resources)

1. Preface the former Geological Survey Institute was established in 1916. It is a national geological institution with the longest history, the largest scale and high reputation in the world in old China. It also has a great influence on the development of geological science and geological cause in New China. In October 1995, when the seventh academician conference of Chinese Academy of Sciences was held in Beijing, some academicians of the Ministry of Geosciences who had worked in the Institute of geological survey felt the close link between the development of new China's geological science and that of the former geological survey when they chatted at random. Therefore, they proposed to compile an anthology on the development history of the Institute of geological survey, It's got everybody's approval. Thanks to your active support, the book was successfully completed and published in 1996. The title of the book is "historical review and main contributions of the former Geological Survey Institute (1916-1950)", with a total of 540000 words and a large space. In order to understand the general situation of the book, the author carefully adjusted and compressed the contents, and wrote a more detailed section for peer reference

(2) division of development period the Geological Survey Institute began to work in 1916 and was abolished in 1950. The whole development process can be divided into four periods: (1) in the embryonic period (1900-1916), geological knowledge began to be introced from abroad to China; (2) in the early stage, geological knowledge began to be introced from abroad; ② During the foundation period (1916-1930), the national geological and mineral survey began; ③ During the period of development (1930-1940), the research laboratories were established successively, the institutions were graally improved, and the work was expanded; ④ During the period of maturity (1940-1950), the institutions tended to be stable, the scientific and technological strength increased, and had a high reputation at home and abroad. According to the migration of the site, it can also be divided into: ① Beijing (Beiping) era (1916-1935); ② Nanjing period (1935-1937); ③ Beibei period (1938-1945); ④ The period of Nanjing's demobilization (1946-1950). After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the history of the Geological Survey Institute has come to an end, but it has laid a certain foundation for the geological cause of the people's Republic of China; On this basis, the geological cause of new China has achieved unprecedented development and brilliant achievements

The Central Geological Survey Institute before the founding of the people's Republic of China has made an important contribution to China's geological cause in the past 35 years, which is inseparable from its strict management system, rigorous academic atmosphere, and the spirit of self-reliance and hard struggle Since the establishment of the Institute, a strict examination system has been implemented. Every year, we pass the examination and recruit 2-3 geologists. Therefore, on the eve of the founding of new China, the scale of the Geological Survey Institute has naturally developed greatly, but the total number of the two branches is still less than 200. As for the examination system of the Geological Survey Institute, in the past few decades, few people have passed the examination except a few who have been specially recommended. Even the first graates of the Geological Department of Peking University, such as the famous paleontologist sun Yunzhu, have passed the examination. In his later years, Mr. Sun talked with relish about the course of taking exams in those years. Pei Wenzhong, a famous Cenozoic geologist and discoverer of Peking man, graated from Peking University in 1927 and applied to the Geological Survey Institute with great hope. Unexpectedly, he failed because of his poor performance. Pei Wenzhong didn't lose heart because of this. He continued to take the exam the next year and was finally admitted. Not only geological and technical personnel should pass the examination, but also general newly recruited staff. For example, after the victory of the "Anti Japanese War", the library needed to add several administrators, all of whom were employed as regular staff after Huang Jiqing's personal interview

since the establishment of the Geological Survey Institute, both the establishment of the organization and the establishment of the personnel are in accordance with the principle of streamlining the organization, from small to large, from less to more, and graally develop steadily. Even in the very difficult "Anti Japanese War" period, not only did not rece the number of personnel, but also expanded, such as the establishment of the Northwest branch in Lanzhou. In the early 1930s, the new generation of research laboratories was the most prosperous period. At that time, there were only six or seven researchers, including foreign experts, plus technicians for repairing specimens and making models. There were no more than 20 researchers in total, but they made amazing achievements“ After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, as the largest research office in the Institute, the regional geology research office has less than 20 people, but in just a few years, it has completed the mapping of 14 1:1000000 geological maps and one 1:3000000 geological map of China

in the more than 30 years since the establishment of the Institute, the director of the Institute and the leading members of each research office have basically remained stable, with few major changes. Therefore, each research office has relatively fixed goals, and each business can be graally completed as planned. The leading members of each research laboratory also remained relatively stable. In addition to the above regional geological and paleontological laboratories, Yang Zhongjian has always been the director of the Cenozoic and Paleovertebrate research laboratory, Cheng Yuqi has been the director of the rock and Mineral Research Laboratory for a long time, Li shanbang has been the director of the seismic and geophysical research laboratory since the establishment of the laboratory, Zeng Shiying has been the director of the surveying and mapping laboratory, Xiong Yi, Ma Rong Li Qingkui and others have long served as the director of the soil research office, and so on. They are not only authoritative experts in various fields in China, but also well-known scholars in the world, which is one of the main reasons why each research laboratory has made great achievements in business

among the leading members, it is worth mentioning that Zhou zanheng, deputy director of the Geological Survey Institute, is the only deputy director, and the only one who has been working in the Geological Survey Institute from the establishment of the Institute to the founding of new China. Another commendable one is Qian Shengjun, the director of the library. He was one of the first graates of the Department of geology of Peking University in 1920. Together with sun Yunzhu, he entered the Survey Institute and worked diligently. He served as the director of the library for nearly 20 years and managed the library in good order. He knows the books and materials in the library like the back of his hand, just like a walking dictionary

there are many other praiseworthy people in the Geological Survey Institute, especially a group of technical personnel who are responsible for auxiliary work. Most of them are proficient and skillful, and have unique skills, which can not be replaced by others. For example, Yan Huimin, an expert in surveying, uses a flat-panel instrument to measure the map. His speed and accuracy are not comparable to those of ordinary people. Hu Baolin was a skillful craftsman. During the Anti Japanese War, he helped Qin Xinling to make a seismograph with high sensitivity by using earth method. Li Shijun is an outstanding photographic expert, and Yu Guojun is a famous slicing and grinding expert in the Institute. Hu Cheng, an expert in model making, is an authority in China. In addition, Han Wenwei, a good typist in the library, Cai Yi, a painter of paleontology simulation map, and Lu Juchuan, Bai Qibin, Li Ziping, the cartographers of geological map of China in the Qing Dynasty, all have their superb skills. In a word, the great achievements made by the Geological Survey Institute are inseparable from the important contributions made by the second-line figures, who are the unsung heroes of the Geological Survey Institute

2. The academic atmosphere is strong and the academic environment is relatively stable.

no matter in Beibei or Nanjing, most of the offices are always bright in the evening. They make full use of their spare time day and night; This is not forced to work overtime, but automatically to the office to study business, or write papers, has become a trend. Even so, when you go to work in the morning, you need to sign in first and write down the time of arrival; This is the old rule since the establishment of the Institute. We should strictly abide by it regardless of the position. On the morning of the first day of each week, as usual, all the staff will gather in the conference hall for a weekly meeting, which is actually an academic report meeting presided over by the director of the Institute. The main purpose is to invite those who come back from a business trip or come to the end of the project work to introce the harvest and experience of the field investigation or the main contents of the phased or final results; Therefore, it is also equivalent to a work report meeting, after which we can discuss and communicate with each other. For the young geologists in the Institute, these activities are the best learning opportunities, and they are virtually influenced by the academic atmosphere. At the same time, different majors can communicate with each other through these activities to expand the field of knowledge

the new geologists are called interns and external investigators. Generally, they need two years of practice before they can be promoted to technician (equivalent to technician); After three to five years of practical training, you can be promoted to a technician (equivalent to an engineer). Generally, only after you are promoted to a technician, can you undertake the task alone. Therefore, most of the first five or six years after entering the Institute are basically studying with the class, practicing basic skills and being a good assistant, which can be called the apprenticeship stage. Geological Survey Institute attaches great importance to field work, so we must first undergo training in field work. In a word, to cultivate a versatile person, only a real apprentice can be regarded as a qualified geologist

There are many reasons for the emergence of talents in Geological Survey Institute over the years, but the most important one is to attach importance to talent cultivation. Before the establishment of the Geological Survey Institute, the three founders, Zhang Hongzhao, Ding Wenjiang and Weng Wenhao, had great foresight. They first held a training course called the Institute of geology, and took up the teaching position in person. After three years of strict training, they trained these students to become the first generation of geologists in China. The first generation of geologists trained the second generation of geologists; So it has been passed down from generation to generation that each generation is stronger than the other. It is a truth that a famous teacher is superior to an apprentice, and the youth is superior to the blue

There are various ways of

cultivation. As mentioned above, after entering the Institute, one has to spend about five years as a strict apprentice. The main goal is to master the basic skills of field work by following the class. One of the main advantages of the Geological Survey Institute is that each research laboratory has one or more authoritative experts, who always impart their knowledge to young people without reservation. It not only teaches by words and deeds, but also leads young geologists to practice in the field. For example, in the Beibei era, Huang Jiqing led a group of young people who had not been in the Institute for a long time to learn how to draw profiles in Tianfu coal mine; In Weiyuan area, he led a group of young people to practice how to map geological maps. Indoors, the older generation instructs the new generation on how to write a thesis, and modifies it sentence by sentence, just as a teacher modifies a pupil's composition

The three founders, Zhang Hongzhao, Ding Wenjiang and Weng Wenhao, have all studied abroad. They attach great importance to sending overseas students to study abroad as an important measure to train talents. Among the first generation of Chinese geologists who graated from the Institute of geology, ye Liangfu, Wang Zhuquan, Xie Jiarong, Zhou zanheng, Tan Xichou, Zhu Tinghu, Li Xueqing, etc. through different channels and with the active support of previous directors, they studied abroad and made outstanding achievements abroad. After they returned home, they all made important contributions to the development of Geological Sciences in China

Pay more attention to Geological Publishing and establish a systematic publishing series according to specialties, which mainly includes report, special report, paleontology, special issue or special issue and geological map, among which special report is also divided into geology, soil, earthquake and other categories, and paleontology is divided into Grade A

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6.

Misconct refers to people's behavior, moral character is not noble, behavior is not decent. Conct refers to the moral character of human behavior; Take the meaning of decency and integrity

people with bad moral character often have a wrong understanding of moral norms or commit crimes knowingly; Lack of moral sense and anti temptation ability; Most of them have formed some bad personality characteristics

in the behavior, there are often stealing, cheating, fighting, destroying public property and other serious violations of discipline and ethics. Self evaluation is often incorrect, not easy to accept the evaluation of ecators, but easy to accept the influence of negative evaluation; No regret for the consequences of the behavior, and even a sense of satisfaction

The reasons for misconct are as follows: subjectively, they don't understand the moral standards or are dominated by wrong moral concepts; they have weak moral will; they can't restrain their improper desires and bad habits; they lack noble aspirations and ideals, etc; Objectively, it is influenced by bad family environment, bad environment (community, friends) and bad social atmosphere, and sometimes it can be caused by mistakes in school ecation

There is no unified standard for judging misconct. For students, misconct is often in violation of the "student code" and "student code of conct" and the relevant provisions of the school or committed moral fault. In units, people with bad conct tend to abuse their power and pursue enjoyment based on themselves and personal gains and losses

on June 11, 2014, the 12th academician conference of the Chinese Academy of Engineering passed the newly revised articles of association of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in Beijing, which clearly stated that "when the academician's personal behavior violates scientific ethics or misconct, which seriously affects the academician group and the reputation of the Chinese Academy of engineering, he should be advised to give up the title of academician"

7. 1. Pessimistic view:
with the continuous drifting of continents on the earth, what will the combined figure look like in 100 million years? According to the plate theory, people already know that the earth's crust, like an eggshell, broke into dozens of plates at first, and then graally drifted into the current situation. Geologists analyze the possible trend of continental drift and use computers to draw the future shape of the earth
in the future, the earth will look like this: the Mediterranean will be closed, Africa will be split in two, and the Mediterranean will be folded into a new mountain range. At the same time, Australia will "crash" into Southeast Asia, push Indonesia and other places northward, push into the Himalayas, make the Himalayas higher and larger, connect with the new mountains folded by the Mediterranean, and form a rolling mountain range extending to Vietnam. At the same time, the anti clockwise rotation of the Pacific plate will push California to Alaska. At that time, Asia will be connected with Australia and South America. Southeast Asia, the Philippines, etc. are all gone. So far, the Atlantic has been expanding. However, the results of computer calculation show that in about 150 million years, the Atlantic Ocean will not be able to rival the Pacific Ocean and will have to shrink into a "small Atlantic"< However, this is still controversial. Wilson, one of the founders of modern plate tectonics and a famous geophysicist, believes that in the area where the Atlantic Ocean is located, the ocean once "opened" once, and the cycle of this "opening" and "closing" of the ocean is about 200 million to 300 million years. If the future continental drift is indeed the case, and the Atlantic Ocean graally shrinks and even disappears, then the American continent will be pulled to the East and south, and after 250 million years, a new supercontinent will be formed
it is now certain that in the future, the continents on the earth will continue to drift according to the geological conditions until after 1 billion years, when the earth is completely cooled and the heat inside the earth is exhausted
2. Neutral view:
the earth is the mother of human beings, and the creation of nature makes human beings become the spirit of all things. But the history of human beings on the earth is so insignificant compared with the history of the earth
as long as there is life, there is death, and the earth will not exist forever. So what's the future of human beings living on the earth? There are no more than three outcomes: first, the earth has not been destroyed, human beings have perished; Second, human beings perished together with the earth; Third, human beings fled the earth before it was destroyed. In order to achieve the third outcome, human beings must meet two conditions, that is, they must have aircraft that can reach or exceed the speed of light, and they must find a planet suitable for human habitation. But judging from the current level of human science and technology development, these two points are impossible for human beings to achieve in the short term. From the perspective of human behavior today, it is likely to lead to the first outcome
the earth's resources are limited and cannot be inexhaustible. When the earth's resources are exhausted, it is the day of human extinction. The ecological environment for human survival is very fragile. Once it is destroyed, it is difficult to recover
although human beings on the earth are divided into many countries, they are all human beings on the earth. They should think about their future destiny. But the reality is: over exploitation makes the area of forest cover decrease sharply, and desertification devours our homeland; The rapid growth of population makes the earth overburdened; The uncontrolled emission of exhaust gas destroys the ozone layer, leading to the greenhouse effect and the rise of global temperature. The earth has become more and more difficult to bear all kinds of human destruction, more and more unsuitable for human habitation
there is only one earth. Earth people should wake up! Development is important, but it must be based on maintaining ecological balance. White people, yellow people and black people should work together to do something for the future of human beings, love the environment where human beings live together, and don't let the tragedy of dinosaurs repeat itself in human beings.

8.

Up to six years. The general length of schooling is four years, with five years for some disciplines (medicine, architecture, etc.) and six years for undergraates (some disciplines in music colleges)

the four-year undergraate ecation system of the world's most popular universities is the same as that of the president of the United States. In the middle ages, undergraate ecation lasted for four years, usually studying only three subjects: grammar, rhetoric and logic. At that time, it was mainly for the cultivation of missionary clergy, so it was all about language. One course a year takes three years. In the fourth year, I go to church to practice

This tradition obviously influences the setting of the US presidential term (that is, as a president, the first year determines the policy, the second year deploys the policy, the third year formally administers the policy, and the fourth year sees the effect of the policy). So, in the eyes of Americans, whether a president can do it or not can be tested in four years

extended materials:

significance of undergraate training:

1. Demand for the construction of an innovative country: General Secretary Hu Jintao pointed out at the 2006 academician Conference of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Sciences that "the key to building an innovative country lies in talents, especially in innovative scientific and technological talents. It is impossible to achieve the goal of building an innovative country without the support of a large team of innovative scientific and technological talents. "

It is a very urgent strategic task for us to cultivate a group of outstanding scientists and scientific and technological talents, build a large team of innovative talents, and greatly improve the country's independent innovation ability

The demand of Higher Ecation Development: colleges and universities are the main force of rejuvenating the country through science and technology, the base of cultivating high-quality creative talents, the important base of knowledge innovation and an important part of the national innovation system, and the frontier of understanding the unknown world and providing scientific basis for human beings to solve major problems, It is an important force to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into real proctive forces

The article 4, Article 5, Article 9 and Article 11 of China's higher ecation law clearly stipulate the basic obligations of China's higher ecation. Universities, as the main body of higher ecation, need to deepen the internal reform of colleges and universities, establish innovation mechanism, strengthen the construction of innovation mechanism, and improve the quality of creative talents Adjust the training mode of innovative talents according to the changes of time and space