Blockchain technology is of little significance

1. The definition of Chongqing jinwowo analysis blockchain technology is as follows:
1. Blockchain is a distributed database (system) placed in a non secure environment
2. The blockchain uses cryptography to ensure that the existing data cannot be tampered with
3, the blockchain uses consensus algorithm to reach consensus on new data
the system with the above three properties is blockchain.

2. Of course. One of the characteristics of blockchain is decentralization, traceability and non tampering of information. Now commodity traceability has always been a hot area for blockchain technology landing. As early as 2017, tmall global launched the global traceability plan to track the information of imported commodities by using blockchain technology
the traceability of blockchain technology is used to increase the traceability and security of commodities through the deep combination of logistics management, commodity anti-counterfeiting, commodity traceability, manufacturing management, instry collaboration and other fields. Password finance, focusing on blockchain information.

3. A brief review of the origin of blockchain
blockchain is the underlying system of distributed ledger in bitcoin. Bitcoin ledgers are built in a distributed and spontaneous way. Anyone can generate new currency blocks by performing specific cryptographic calculations, so as to obtain a digital "currency" that can be used for transactions. Bitcoin's impact on the world monetary system can be said to be subversive, which is also an important reason why it has attracted a lot of people's strong attention since it came out. After that, there were dozens of similar electronic currencies such as
"lightcoin". The abstract extraction of distributed digital currency technology from bitcoin forms a "blockchain" technology, which can be used in more fields
the basic idea of blockchain is to establish a network-based public ledger (data block), each block contains the information of a network transaction. All the participating users in the network work together to keep accounts and check accounts. All the data are open and transparent, and can be used to verify the effectiveness of the information. In this way, the authenticity and non tamperability of information can be guaranteed at the technical level without the central server as the trust intermediary
the significance of blockchain lies in "decentralization", which can fundamentally solve the fraud and rent-seeking phenomenon in value exchange and transfer by building a more reliable network system. With the popularization of blockchain technology, the digital economy will be more authentic, and the economic society will become more fair and transparent
not only digital currency, but also blockchain technology is infiltrating into more innovative fields.
virtual digital currency such as bitcoin is just an application scenario of blockchain technology. Theoretically speaking, based on the characteristics of blockchain technology, human beings can create a very rich form of services and procts, such as finance, government, enterprises, etc There are a large number of scenarios suitable for blockchain technology in cross instry and other fields, with broad prospects. At present, many countries around the world have started the research of blockchain technology, and a series of instry organizations and alliances have been established. However, as blockchain technology is a brand-new technology, which subverts the traditional centralized mode, major institutions are still in the research stage, with only a small number of actual projects landing, and the great development of the instry has just begun
now, blockchain economy is on the eve of outbreak. The exploration of financial instry is ahead of others, while the application of other instries is developing rapidly. The obvious advantage of blockchain instry application is to optimize business process, rece operation cost and improve collaborative efficiency. This advantage has been graally reflected in financial services, Internet of things, public services, social welfare and supply chain management
as the backbone of emerging technologies, blockchain is not only used in the field of virtual currency, but also in other fields such as finance, medical care, intellectual property certification, etc. a large number of excellent enterprises have emerged in China to explore or enter the blockchain instry. According to the in-depth analysis report on business model innovation and investment opportunities of blockchain instry released by foresight Instry Research Institute, as of the end of 2016, there were 105 blockchain related enterprises in China, 80% of which were concentrated in eastern coastal cities, including Shanghai, Hangzhou and Taipei
from the perspective of global blockchain technology application development, as of April 2017, financial service companies accounted for 55.43% of the 267 blockchain venture capital companies; From the perspective of the Chinese market, 34 of the top 50 blockchain venture capital companies in 2016 are involved in financial services, mainly in cross-border payment, bill discounting and financial service platform<
analysis of the development trend of blockchain
the combination of blockchain and cloud computing is more and more close, and baas is expected to become a public trust infrastructure
cloud computing is the general trend. We believe that the combination of blockchain and cloud is also an inevitable trend. There are two modes for the combination of blockchain and cloud, one is blockchain in the cloud, the other is blockchain in the cloud. The latter, namely baas, blockchain-as-a-service, refers to that the cloud service providers directly provide blockchain as a service to users. In the future, more and more cloud service enterprises will integrate blockchain technology into the ecological environment of cloud computing. By providing baas function, they can effectively rece the deployment cost of enterprise application blockchain and rece the initial threshold of innovation and entrepreneurship
the security problem of blockchain has become increasingly prominent, and security protection needs the overall consideration of technology and management
blockchain system is almost perfect mathematically, with the advantages of openness and transparency, difficult to tamper, reliable encryption, anti DDoS attack, etc. However, from the engineering point of view, its security is still restricted by infrastructure, system design, operation management, privacy protection and technology update iteration. In the future, we need to consider the overall situation of technology and management, strengthen basic research and overall protection, so as to ensure the application security
the competition of blockchain is becoming increasingly fierce, and patent competition has become an important field of competition
with the increase of participants, the competition of blockchain will become more and more fierce, and the competition is all-round, including technology, mode, patent and other dimensions. We believe that in the future, enterprises will strengthen the layout of blockchain patents. Since 2014, the number of blockchain patent applications has grown explosively. Blockchain patents are mainly distributed in the United States in North America, the United Kingdom in Europe, China and South Korea in Asia, and this pattern will be maintained in the future. The patent gap between China and the United States is narrowing, and the number of applications in China in 2016 has surpassed that in the United States. It can be predicted that the patent competition of blockchain will become increasingly fierce in the future
with the acceleration of domestic policy process, the development of the instry ushers in a new opportunity
blockchain has attracted attention from all walks of life e to its core advantages of high performance, high security, high-speed access, efficient operation and so on. In the context of the rapid development of blockchain, China conforms to the needs of globalization, closely follows the international pace, and actively promotes the research, standardization and instrialization development of domestic blockchain related fields
trustworthiness is the core requirement of blockchain, and the importance of standards and specifications is becoming increasingly prominent
in the future value delivery network based on blockchain, we will completely use algorithms and software to build the trust foundation. However, we believe that this is far from enough, and we need the standard to increase the credibility of the blockchain. In the future, the standard of blockchain will standardize the technology and governance of blockchain from the perspective of users, business oriented, and from the dimensions of smart contract, consensus mechanism, private key security, and authority management, so as to enhance the credibility of blockchain and add weight to the trust of blockchain.

4. Many relationships between people are based on trust, such as friend relationship, cooperation relationship, transaction relationship, etc
take trading activities as an example. In the past, the two sides who did not trust each other usually chose an intermediary to guarantee a transaction. In the mobile Internet era, we chose Taobao shopping because Alipay provided us with an intermediate guarantee. We chose to drop dripping because it provided us with information matching.
however, these intermediaries are centralized and have their own interests. Sometimes they are not so reliable and trustworthy. Theoretically, Alipay's centralization of accounting has been artificially falsified. Part of the reason for Didi's troubles is that they only think from their own standpoint
what blockchain does is the machine of trust, which replaces the role of trust intermediary with code, ensures the fairness and justice of the whole system through consensus mechanism and distributed accounting, and provides a trust without trust
for example, in the future, people can abandon the intermediate platform and realize point-to-point docking and free trading through blockchain. Shopping does not need to go through an intermediary, and taking a taxi does not need to go through Didi. In this way, we can really achieve "no middleman to earn the price difference" and rece the cost.

5. 1、 Decentralization:
blockchain technology does not rely on additional third-party management institutions or hardware facilities, and there is no central control. In addition to the self-contained blockchain itself, each node realizes information self verification, transmission and management through distributed accounting and storage. Decentralization is the most prominent and essential feature of blockchain< Second, openness:
the foundation of blockchain technology is open source. In addition to the private information of all parties to the transaction is encrypted, the data of blockchain is open to all. Anyone can query blockchain data and develop related applications through the open interface, so the information of the whole system is highly transparent< Third, independence:
based on consensus specifications and Protocols (similar to various mathematical algorithms such as hash algorithm used by bitcoin), the whole blockchain system does not rely on other third parties, and all nodes can automatically and safely verify and exchange data in the system without any human intervention< Fourth, security:
as long as 51% of all data nodes cannot be controlled, the network data cannot be arbitrarily controlled and modified, which makes the blockchain itself relatively safe and avoids subjective and artificial data changes
5. Anonymity:
unless there are legal requirements, technically speaking, the identity information of each block node does not need to be disclosed or verified, and information transmission can be carried out anonymously
Digital China is the first major development strategy explicitly put forward in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. The application of digital technology represented by cloud computing, big data and mobile Internet is no longer limited to the economic field, but widely penetrated into all aspects of public services, social development and people's life, which requires macro coordination, overall control and integrated development
with the deepening of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and instrial change, the tide of digital economy in the world is unstoppable. The development of digital economy has become a global consensus, known as the key to the fourth instrial revolution
adhering to the connotation of the University of nice's world inclusive humanistic spirit, always embracing change, standing up to the tide, conforming to the development trend of the digital economy era, and integrating the essence of Chinese and Western cultural thinking, the University of nice's doctor of blockchain and digital economy management (DDE) came into being
based on this, we can enable the managers of digital economy instry to have global vision and global integration thinking, integrate knowledge, operate digital economy intelligently, promote the sustainable development of the instry, and contribute to the community of human destiny. Therefore, DDE project will cooperate with colleagues in the field of digital economy
if you have MBA related questions, you are welcome to contact me personally&# 180;&# 65381;&# 7447;&# 65381;` ) Bixin~~~~

6. To understand the principle of blockchain thoroughly, we must understand it systematically from its birth and development, so as to distinguish the principle of blockchain more clearly from multiple perspectives. Block chain technology refers to the technical solution of collective maintenance of a reliable database in a centralized way in the past. In this technical scheme, blocks are associated by cryptography. Each data block contains all the data information of the system in a certain period of time, and generates a digital signature to verify the validity of the information, and links to the next data block to form a main chain< br />
Block is a record in the blockchain, which contains and confirms the transactions to be processed< br />
mining refers to the formation of new blocks through calculation. It is a process in which the supporters of the transaction use their own computer hardware to do mathematical calculation for the network to confirm the transaction and improve the security. Take bitcoin as an example: the transaction supporter (miner) runs bitcoin software on the computer and constantly calculates the complex cryptography problems provided by the software to ensure the transaction. As a reward for their service, miners can get the Commission included in the transaction they confirm, as well as the newly created bitcoin< br />
Peer to peer network is a system that allows a single node to interact directly with other nodes, so that the whole system can operate like an organized collective. Take bitcoin: the network is built in such a way that each user is spreading the transactions of other users. And importantly, banks or other financial institutions are not required as third parties< br />
Hash is a classical technology in cryptography, which transforms the input of any length into the output of fixed length composed of letters and numbers through Hassi algorithm< br />
Digital signature is a mathematical mechanism that allows people to prove ownership< br />
Private key is a secret data block that proves that you have the right to consume e-money from a specific wallet. It is realized by digital signature< br />
Dual consumption refers to the user's illegal attempt to pay e-money to two different payees at the same time, which is one of the biggest risks of e-money< br />
?< br />
The origin of blockchain: an underlying technology supporting bitcoin

The concept of blockchain was first proposed in bitcoin: a peer-to-peer electronic cash system by Satoshi Nakamoto in late 2008. In this paper, block chain technology is the basic technology to build bitcoin data structure and transaction information encryption transmission, which realizes the mining and transaction of bitcoin. Nakamoto believes that: first, the mode of using third-party organizations to process information has the inherent weakness of lack of trust between points. In order to guard against their customers, businesses will ask customers for completely unnecessary information, but still can not avoid certain fraud; Second, the existence of intermediaries increases the transaction cost and limits the practical minimum transaction scale; Third, digital signature itself can solve the problem of e-money identity. If the third party support is needed to prevent double consumption, the system will lose value. Based on the above three existing problems, Nakamoto Cong has created bitcoin on the basis of blockchain technology< br />
On January 3, 2009, Nakamoto proced the first bitcoin block in the world, genesis block, and excavated 50 bitcoins< br />
On May 21, 2010, Florida programmers bought $25 worth of pizza coupons with 10000 bitcoin, which gave birth to the first fair exchange rate of bitcoin< br />
In July 2010, the first bitcoin platform was established, with a surge in new users and prices< br />
In February 2011, the price of bitcoin reached US $1 for the first time. Since then, exchange trading platforms with British pound, Brazilian real and Polish zloty have opened< br />
In 2012, ripple released that as a digital currency, it uses blockchain to transfer foreign exchange of various countries< br />
In 2013, bitcoin soared. The U.S. Treasury Department has issued the regulations on the personal management of virtual currency to clarify the definition of virtual currency for the first time< br />
In 2014, the mining machinery instry chain represented by China became more and more mature. In the same year, the U.S. it community realized the cross era innovation significance of blockchain in the digital field< br />
In 2015, the US Nasdaq Stock Exchange launched LINQ, a digital ledger technology based on blockchain, to record trading and issue stocks

the principle of blockchain can be understood clearly from each application case, and the application of blockchain principle is becoming more and more popular. Recently, Citigroup, Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, UBS and Deutsche Bank will also apply "blockchain" technology to build a fast, convenient and efficient blockchain Low cost trading system. In addition to the financial field, blockchain technology has also begun to be applied to the protection of intellectual property rights, notarization by lawyers, online games and other fields where there is a need for transparent information disclosure and permanent records.

7. Ivan (Ashton Kutch) is a college student who looks very ordinary, but recently he seems to have a lot on his mind. There are always pictures of unfortunate childhood looming in my mind, just like the black hole theory in physics, no matter what it is, I can't find its origin. These terrible and vague meetings have always tormented Ivan's thoughts and life. I can only vaguely remember the names of my friends: Kailei (Amy Smart), LiNi (Alton Hansen) and Tommy (William Lee Scott). However, for his relationship with him and the things he has experienced together, he can only rely on some fragments to connect them. For the complete things, he can't recall them. Ivan was coached by a psychologist in his childhood, who advised him to record everything that happened every day. In this way, by the time he was in college, Ivan had already written down several big diaries., Whenever he looks at these things he has experienced, a terrible idea always comes to his mind. He always thinks that what he did in his childhood hurt his friends and classmates. But he recalled that when he pursued his classmate Kailei, some of the warmth and sweetness in his life filled Ivan's thinking. He decided to find his own childhood happiness. He entered his body and environment in the same year with his present consciousness, hoping to change the past, find back the friends he hurt and lost contact with, and enter into a love again with the girl he loved. But he was wrong, but when he returned to his present "self", things became much beyond his expectation, and many things became inconceivable. No matter what friends he hoped for, love or problems he didn't find in the show, all burst out. He realized that this behavior failed. If he continued, life would be on the verge of collapse. Ivan, who has taken the first step, has chosen to go back to the past and change the status quo a little bit. But just like the butterfly effect, some factors in the environment that he can't estimate are changing the direction of things at the same time. I don't know if it's all the good things in the imagination that wait for Ivan, or whether it's going to continue to subvert life and bring him to a state of collapse Behind the scenes 1. What is the butterfly effect? Why should such a suspense film be named after a theory? These questions must be your initial reflection after seeing the title. The butterfly effect is a problem and hypothesis discovered by American scientist Lorenz in an accident. In a calculation, because the fourth decimal place of the initial input data is rounded, the output result deviates from the last one rapidly, and the similarity of the two curves before and after the calculation is completely disappeared. Twenty years later, Lorenz raised this issue in a speech, which is called "Butterfly Effect". He believes that in the process of atmospheric motion, even if the errors and uncertainties are very small, it is possible to accumulate the results in the process and enlarge them step by step to form a huge atmospheric motion“ The meaning of "Butterfly Effect" is "sensitive dependence on initial conditions", which was later extended to a seemingly unrelated, very small thing, which may bring great changes. This kind of scientific theory can be attributed to the two screenwriters Eric Blaise and J. markye. Although they are the first to know the feature film, they should not think that they are the new generation. They are the golden playwrights in the film and television instry. In that year, the "dead end station 2" has highlighted their advantages and strength in the plot, The "Butterfly Effect" directed this time can be regarded as a work carefully planned by two people. We have made great efforts in both plot and plot setting. We should really believe in the ability of the two "new" Directors to control the film. 2. It's said that Ashton Kutcher is the latest representative of Hollywood's handsome little boy. It's no wonder that in the recent series of roles he plays, handsome little boy accounts for more than half of the total. Coupled with his love affair with the old female star Demi Moore, he quickly occupies a prominent position in the entertainment space. However, he should be the kind of actor who is not satisfied with the status quo. Just like Tom Cruise, he is always looking for opportunities to prove his strength. He is not only satisfied with showing his face in front of the screen, but also impresses others. This "Butterfly Effect" gives Kutcher a good chance, in which he not only has a beard, but also becomes decadent and confused. Speaking of his role, Kutch said: & quot; Ivan is a man who has lost himself& quot; His life was shrouded in the shadow of childhood trauma. At the end of the film, a series of things happened, which finally made him understand that it was not necessary to find out what he was doing& quot; It seems that from the "that &" 39; 70s Show，Punk' d Along the way, the Iowa boy is moving in the direction he yearns for. Whether it's his original image of cream or gossip with female stars, we should be glad to see his efforts and achievements in his romance career. It seems that Hollywood will add another actor. If I ask you a question: what kind of horror movies are most afraid of? It is estimated that most people will answer: psychological terror. Indeed, with the continuous development of new technologies and new technologies, the terrorist environment that can be displayed by using technological means has basically reached the limit. So now the films involving horror and suspense are developing in the direction of excavating the inner fear. The butterfly effect is a good example. It uses the hero's thinking activities to drive the audience to experience such and such scenes and events together, which makes the audience feel ups and downs with the development of the plot. So whether you are interested in the name, content, or hero of the film, you should start the spiritual journey with Ivan in the film.