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who says BT software damages hard disk? Rational analysis unveils pseudoscience

why frequent reading and writing can damage hard disk

the life of the magnetic head is limited. Frequent reading and writing will speed up the wear of the magnetic head arm and the magnetic head motor. Frequent reading and writing of a certain area of the disk will increase the temperature of the area, affect the stability of the magnetic medium in the area, and lead to reading and writing errors. High temperature will also make the area closer to the disk surface e to thermal expansion (normally, the magnetic head and disk surface are only a few microns, It's closer, It will also affect the data reading sensitivity of the thin film head, change the clock dominant frequency of the crystal oscillator, and cause the failure of the hard disk circuit components

too many tasks will lead to premature damage of IDE hard disk. Due to the shortcomings of IDE hard disk, too many task requests will increase the seek failure rate and lead to frequent reset of the head (reset means that the head returns to track 0 for re seeking) to accelerate the wear of the head arm and head<

let me talk about the working principle of modern hard disk first

today's hard disk, no matter ide or SCSI, adopts & quot; Winchester "technology has the following characteristics:

1. Magnetic head, disk and moving mechanism seal< br />
2 The surface of the fixed and high-speed rotating plated disk is flat and smooth< br />
3 The head moves radially along the disk< br />
4 The magnetic head starts and stops in contact with the disk, but it is in flight and does not directly contact with the disk< Disk: magnetic powder is attached to the surface of aluminum alloy disk (new materials also use glass). These magnetic powder are divided into several concentric circles called magnetic track. On the track of each concentric circle, it seems that there are countless small magnets arranged arbitrarily, which represent the states of 0 and 1 respectively. When these small magnets are affected by the magnetic force from the head, the direction of their arrangement will change. Using the magnetic force of the magnetic head to control the direction of some small magnets, so that each small magnet can be used to store information

disk body: the disk body of a hard disk is composed of multiple disks, which are overlapped and placed in a sealed box. Driven by the spindle motor, they rotate at a high speed, and the speed per minute can reach 3600450054007200 or more

head: the head of a hard disk is used to read or modify the state of the magnetic material on the disk. Generally speaking, each magnetic surface has a head, which starts from the top and numbers from 0. The magnetic head is in contact with the disk when it stops working, but it is flying when it is working. The magnetic head starts and stops in contact with the landing area of the disk. No data is stored in the landing area. The magnetic head starts and stops in this area, and there is no problem of damaging any data. When reading the data, the disk rotates at a high speed. Due to the delicate aerodynamic design of the head movement, the head is in a "flying state" with a height of 0.2-0.5 μ m from the disk data area. It does not contact with the disk surface to cause wear, and can read data reliably

motors: all the motors in the hard disk are brushless motors, which can work continuously for a long time with little mechanical wear under the support of high-speed bearings. The high-speed rotating disk has obvious gyroscopic effect, so the hard disk is not suitable to move, otherwise it will increase the working load of the bearing. The track finding feeding motor of hard disk head mostly adopts voice coil rotary or linear motion stepping motor, which can accurately track the track of disk under the regulation of feeding tracking, so there should be no impact and collision when the hard disk is working, and it should be handled with care when moving

how does heat come from

first of all, there is no contact between the magnetic head and the data area, so there is no wear problem

secondly, as soon as you power on, the hard disk is in the state of rotation, and the rotation of the spindle motor can reach 4500 or 7200 rpm, which has nothing to do with whether you use flash get or ED, as long as the power is on, they are rotating. Their wear and tear has nothing to do with the software

thirdly, the movement of the magnetic head controlled by the seek motor moves back and forth, and the amplitude is very small. It starts from the innermost layer (landing area) of the disk, slowly moves to the outermost layer, and then slowly moves back, one track goes to another track to search for data. There won't be any big jumps. So its wear and tear can also be ignored

so, how does heat come from

the first is the rotation of the spindle motor and the seek motor, which is the main reason for the temperature of the hard disk

secondly, the friction between high-speed rotating disc and air. This is also the main factor

and hard disk read / write??? Unfortunately, its calorific value can be ignored, don't remember

the reading operation of the hard disk is that the change of the magnetic field on the disk affects the resistance value of the magnetic head. In this process, the disk will not generate heat, but the magnetic head will generate a little heat because of the change of the current. What about write operations? On the contrary, the current intensity through the magnetic head changes constantly, which affects the magnetic field on the disk. Because of the use of electromagnetic inction in this process, the heat of the magnetic head is larger. However, the disk itself will not generate heat, because the permanent magnet on the disk is cold and will not generate heat e to the change of magnetic field

but in general, compared with the former two, the calorific value of the magnetic head is very small

heat can be concted by radiation, so will high heat damage the permanent magnet on the disk? In fact, the damage is very small. The degaussing temperature of the permanent magnet is much higher than that of the hard disk under normal conditions. Of course, if your chassis doesn't heat well, it's nobody else's fault< It has nothing to do with the software that the hard disk life is affected.

first, the high temperature affects the resistance inction sensitivity of the magnetic head, so the read-write error occurs, which has nothing to do with the permanent magnet< Second, the so-called thermal expansion will not shorten the distance between the disk and the magnetic head, because the flight of the magnetic head is based on the principle of aerodynamics, and it always keeps a certain distance from the disk under normal conditions. Of course, if you hit hard disk hard disk hard disk hard disk hard disk hard disk hard disk hard disk hard disk hard disk hard disk hard disk hard disk hard disk hard disk hard disk hard disk hard disk hard disk hard disk hard disk hard disk hard disk hard disk hard disk hard disk hard disk hard disk hard disk hard disk hard disk hard disk hard disk hard disk hard disk hard disk hard disk hard disk hard disk hard disk hard disk hard. The so-called reset action does not happen very often. Because the physical location of the track is stored in CMOS, the hard disk does not need to move back to track 0 and start again. As soon as the magnetic head is started, the so-called reset action is completed. Unless you restart the computer, the reset action will not happen again< 4. IDE hard disk and SCSI hard disk have the same structure. It's just that the interface bandwidth of SCSI hard disk is larger than that of IDE hard disk of the same era, and often the SCSI card will have something similar to CPU to slow down the occupation rate of main CPU. That's all, so Seagate will use its SCSI hard disk technology on IDE hard disk< 5. The hard disk is read and written in cylindrical sectors. Cylinder is the concentric magnetic track with the same radius of all magnetic surfaces in the whole disk, and dividing each track into several regions is called sector. The hard disk write operation is to fill one sector first, and then write the next sector of the same cylinder. Before a cylinder is completely filled, the head will not move to another track. Therefore, the storage of files on the hard disk is not continuous as most people think (from the user's point of view, it is one, but from the bottom of the operating system, it is not continuous). No matter how many threads flash get or ED has, the seek of the head will not be bigger than when you play games and listen to songs. Of course, this situation is just a simple download or upload, but in fact, in this process, who can guarantee that they will not start other software that needs to read and write to the hard disk? Maybe many people like to play games or listen to music while downloading? Not to mention that windows itself needs to read and write virtual memory files frequently. Therefore, whether you download with FG or ED, the torture of hard disk will not be too severe compared with usual< (6) why FlashGet is hard to run with too many threads and why ed reads and writes hard disk frequently. First of all, if there are more threads, the CPU occupation rate will be high, and the page change action will be frequent, so the virtual memory will read and write frequently. As for why, anyone who has learned the operating system principles should know, I won't talk about it here. What about ED? Download a file from several people at the same time, and several people are downloading your file at the same time, which is similar to FG multithreading. So the hard disk light flashed. However, today's hard disk has a cache. Instead of writing the data to the hard disk immediately, the data is stored in the cache first, and then written to the hard disk once a certain amount is reached. No matter how it is set in FG, it is written to the cache first. But this process also needs CPU intervention, so the setting time is too short, and the CPU utilization rate is high, so the hard disk light is still flashing, because the virtual file is reading and writing< 7. The hard disk reads and writes frequently, and the magnetic head arm moves frequently under the drive of the seek servo motor. However, for the machinery, the loss is not big. Unless your hard disk itself has mechanical failure, such as arm deformation and so on (the most common failure of parallel procts). The real loss is the magnetic head. The changing current will cause its aging, but compared with its life... It should also be within a reasonable range. Unless the head hits the disk because of the vibration< 8. The most serious problem affected by high temperature is the mechanical circuit, especially the circuit board outside the hard disk. The integrated circuit block on it will accelerate aging under high temperature. So a certain glass hard disk of IBM, although there is a bad way, but once a certain software is used, it will disappear immediately. No matter how strict the point is, it will be normal to replace a circuit board. That's why

in a word, the life of hard disk will be affected by bad environment and improper maintenance, but this is definitely not the fault of software. Flash get, ed or FTP, although they read and write to the hard disk frequently, they don't hurt the hard disk as much as you usually play games or listen to music. To be more clear, their so-called consumption of the hard disk can be ignored. Don't worry about it just because you see the flash of the hard disk light. Otherwise, those servers that provide web services and FTP services, Their hard disk read and write is so big that it is not common to play games. The hard disk of software is comparable

some supplements about daily use and maintenance of hard disk

there is a parameter called continuous time between failures for hard disk. It refers to the hard disk from the beginning of operation to the failure of the longest time, the unit is hours, the English abbreviation is MTBF. The MTBF of general hard disk is at least 30000 or 40000 hours. For details, please refer to the parameter description of the hard disk manufacturer. You can divide this continuous time between failures by yourself to see how many years it is. However, think for yourself, how long does your hard disk work continuously at ordinary times

at present, the machine I use has been running continuously for one year, except for a few in the middle

3. Second, the cause of the continued appreciation in the yuanFrom China's economic development needs to see for a long time, the appreciation of the renminbi seems to be a necessity, the specific performance in:
(1) for a long time, China's foreign trade on the export of labor-intensive procts, adopt low price strategy, give full play to the price advantage of export-oriented policies, economic benefit is relatively low, outdated equipment, low level of proctivity, exports cheap primary procts to participate in the international trade.Change the status quo of China's "world factory", the appreciation of the renminbi will become a important way.The appreciation of the renminbi could promote our country enterprise realize the optimization and upgrading of instrial structure adjustment and improve the proct's capacity for independent innovation, improve proct class, to participate in the international division of labor, truly has the ability to go abroad, overseas markets.
(2) under the condition of the rapid economic development, China's resources to a great extent, have already can't meet the needs of the development of the enterprise proction needs to be imported from abroad.And subject to the pressure of RMB appreciation, domestic enterprises under increasingly heavy burden of the cost of imports.Copper, iron ore prices also rise sharply, if the yuan appreciation, appropriate import directly use dollars, can greatly rece the cost burden of imported energy and raw materials, can be further impetus to the development of its economy.
(3) along with the improvement of living standards, consumers in the pursuit of a higher quality of life, for imported goods, and ecation, tourism and other service requirements are also increasing.The appreciation of the renminbi is advantageous to the Chinese consumers enjoy a lower price, higher quality of foreign procts, accept foreign advanced ecation, tourism and other services.For a country like China high external dependency of developing countries is undoubtedly a major positive.
(4) since the reform and opening up, especially after China's accession to the WTO, China's long-term occupies a surplus in foreign trade, the European and American countries in order to safeguard the interests of domestic enterprises, trade friction with China's enterprises, under the international financial crisis, the friction intensified.European and American countries repeatedly demanded the appreciation of the renminbi, its purpose is to rece the competitive advantage of Chinese enterprises and procts, to save their economies.The appreciation of the renminbi, therefore, is to improve China's relations with Europe and the United States trade an important way.

4. The price hike request i propose is based on the cost of raw materials, calculated out in accordance with the euro and the renminbi 1:10.65.

5. According to 100 yuan of raw materials, exchange rate is according to calculating by 1:11, the price suggestion is:

6.

Indivial stores need to pay taxes, as long as they meet the tax conditions, they should pay the corresponding taxes

according to Article 4 of the law of the people's Republic of China on the administration of tax collection, the units and indivials who are liable to pay taxes are taxpayers. The units and indivials that are obliged by laws and administrative regulations to withhold, collect and pay taxes are the withholding agents. Taxpayers and withholding agents must pay, withhold and collect taxes in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations

Article 31 taxpayers and withholding agents shall pay or remit taxes within the time limit prescribed by laws and administrative regulations or determined by tax authorities in accordance with laws and administrative regulations. If a taxpayer is unable to pay tax on time e to special difficulties, he may, with the approval of the State Taxation Bureau and Local Taxation Bureau of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the central government, postpone the payment of tax, but the longest period shall not exceed three months

Article 32 If a taxpayer fails to pay the tax within the prescribed time limit or a withholding agent fails to pay the tax within the prescribed time limit, the tax authorities shall, in addition to ordering the taxpayer to pay the tax within the prescribed time limit, impose an overe fine of 0.05% of the overe tax on a daily basis from the date of overe payment

extended data:

1. Urban construction tax:

full name: urban maintenance and construction tax. It is a kind of tax collected to raise funds for urban construction and maintenance. The amount is 7% of the sum of VAT, consumption tax and business tax. In the shops in the urban area, if you buy a set of 100 yuan CDs, the value-added tax is about 14.5 yuan, and the corresponding urban maintenance and construction tax is 1.02 yuan (14.5 yuan) × 7%)

2. Tariff is a kind of tax for import and export goods, which belongs to turnover tax. If you bring Apple's iPad with you, you will be charged a tariff. According to the customs regulations, iPad belongs to laptop procts, which should be charged 20% (i.e. 1000 yuan) tariff according to the 5000 yuan standard

3. Vehicle purchase tax

a tax for newly purchased vehicles. Japanese made & quot; Subaru forest people & quot; If the CIF price of a car is 200000 yuan, a 25% tariff of 50000 yuan will be levied first, followed by a consumption tax of 10000 yuan and a value-added tax of 44200 yuan. At this time, the price of the car has exceeded 300000 yuan

when consumers buy a car, they need to pay another 10% vehicle purchase tax of 30000 yuan. In 2009, the government reced the vehicle purchase tax by 5% (the original ratio was 10%) on passenger cars with displacement less than 1.6 liters. In 2010, the margin of preference was adjusted from 5% to 7.5%

7. Child psychologists point out that role play is the most typical and important game for 3-6-year-old children. It is of great significance for children's life, learning and development in this period. Small class children have strong imitation. In the process of role-playing, they constantly imitate alts' behavior and creatively reflect the real life around them.

8. Depending on where you are, there are the following routes passing through the
ophthalmic hospital:
No.1
Xiamen 52
No.53
Xiamen 56
No.102
NO.201
No.507
no.529
No.532
No.534
no.806
, choose the nearest route and get off at the ophthalmic hospital

9. The whole journey of route 93 is about 25 minutes
/ 3.7 km /
8 stations
/
it is about 129 meters from the starting railway station (Wucun bus station) to the railway station (small square). Take bus 93 at 8 stops, get off at yuhou Nanli and walk 102 meters to Xiamen Eye Center. Xiamen Eye Center