Blockchain links the previous block
blockchain is an important concept of bitcoin. It is essentially a disintermediated database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated by using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains the information of a bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the effectiveness of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block
blockchain is a new application mode of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies
in a narrow sense, blockchain is a kind of chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential way according to the time sequence, and it can not be tampered with and forged by cryptography
broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses blockchain data structure to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithm to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access It is a new distributed infrastructure and computing method to program and operate data by using intelligent contract composed of automated script code
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the evolution mode of blockchain is as follows:
& 9642; Blockchain 1.0 - digital currency
▪ Blockchain 2.0 - digital assets and smart contracts
▪ Blockchain 3.0 - Implementation of distributed applications in various instries
blockchain features:
1. Disintermediation. Due to the use of Distributed Accounting and storage, there is no centralized hardware or management organization in the system, the rights and obligations of any node are equal, and the data blocks in the system are jointly maintained by the nodes with maintenance function in the whole system
2. Openness. The system is open. In addition to the private information of all parties to the transaction is encrypted, the data of the blockchain is open to all. Anyone can query the blockchain data and develop related applications through the open interface, so the information of the whole system is highly transparent
3. Autonomy. Blockchain adopts consensus based specifications and Protocols (such as a set of open and transparent algorithms) to enable all nodes in the whole system to exchange data freely and safely in a de trusted environment, so that the trust in "people" is changed into the trust in machines, and any human intervention does not work
The information can not be tampered with. Once the information is verified and added to the blockchain, it will be stored permanently. Unless more than 51% of the nodes in the system can be controlled at the same time, the modification of the database on a single node is invalid. Therefore, the data stability and reliability of the blockchain are extremely high5. Anonymity. Because the exchange between nodes follows a fixed algorithm, the data interaction does not need to be trusted (the program rules in the blockchain will judge whether the activity is effective). Therefore, the counterparties do not need to make the other party trust themselves by disclosing their identities, which is very helpful for the accumulation of credit
blockchain is composed of a series of blocks generated by cryptographic algorithm. Each block is filled with transaction records, and the blocks are connected in sequence to form a chain structure, which is the blockchain ledger
taking bitcoin as an example, when miners generate new blocks, they need to calculate the new hash value and random number according to the hash value of the previous block, the new transaction block and the random number. In other words, each block is generated on the basis of the previous block data, which ensures the uniqueness of the blockchain data
because subtle changes in transaction records will completely change the result of hash value, miners can't cheat when competing for computing power. Each miner must wait until the previous block is generated before starting to calculate the qualified random number according to the data of the previous block, which ensures the fairness of mining.
According to experts, blockchain can be understood as a distributed public ledger, which is connected by various blocks into a chain. In the traditional bookkeeping system, the bookkeeping right is controlled by the central server
on the "account book" of blockchain, every point in the chain can record information on it, forming a point-to-point accounting system. Therefore, blockchain technology is considered as a decentralized technology
For example, in a village of 100 people, Zhang San bought a cow from Li Si and paid him 10000 yuan. In the past, he had to rely on Zhao Liu, a middleman, to transfer his 10000 yuan to Li Siwith the blockchain system, Zhang San can directly record his 10000 yuan to Li Si's account book, and the transaction information will be transmitted to the whole village, that is, the whole blockchain system, so that other 98 people can see the information. The whole transaction process is recorded by the system, which has the advantage of traceability to prevent the loss of Zhao Liu's account book or Li Si's denial of account
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in 2008, Nakamoto first proposed the concept of blockchain. In the following years, blockchain became the core component of electronic currency bitcoin: as a public account book for all transactions. By using peer-to-peer network and distributed timestamp server, the blockchain database can be managed independently
the blockchain invented for bitcoin makes it the first digital currency to solve the problem of repeated consumption. The design of bitcoin has become a source of inspiration for other applications
the process of block linking is mining
customers' needs, tasks and bills will be packaged to form blocks. Blocks should be connected to the blockchain, and ensure real, effective and transparent sharing. So encryption algorithm is needed at this time, only decryption can become a real block
the decryption process is not very easy, the purpose is to remove the false block and the waste block. That is to say: there is a reward for telling the truth and a penalty for telling lies
a block can only be regarded as a block if it is proved to be true and effective. It can be added at the end of the blockchain and let all customers admit to sharing.
