Electronic transaction and blockchain

1.

what is Ethereum:

Ethereum is an innovation based on the application of technologies and concepts in bitcoin to computers. Ethereum itself imitates a lot of bitcoin technology to maintain the computer platform. blockchain technology is one of them
Ethereum platform can safely run any program users want

advantages of Ethereum over other competitive currencies before Ethereum appeared, some digital currencies imitated bitcoin. However, these projects have their own shortcomings, they can only support one or several specific applications at the same time< However, the reason why Ethereum can surpass the limitations of these projects in the past is because of the core idea of Ethereum

what Ethereum wants to implement is a blockchain protocol with built-in programming language. Since it supports programming language, in theory, any blockchain application can be defined with this language, and then run on Ethereum's blockchain protocol as an application

The design of Ethereum is very flexible and adaptable

Ethereum target sets the advantages of blockchain technology, in order to add the advantages of blockchain, such as decentralization, openness and security, to almost all computing fields

blockchain applications of Ethereum

Ethereum has many blockchain applications, such as digital applications of gold and stocks, financial derivatives applications, DNS and digital authentication, etc

Ethereum has achieved more than 100 blockchain applications by many start-ups

Ethereum has also been closely watched by some financial institutions, banking consortia (such as R3), as well as large companies like Samsung, Deloitte, RWE and IBM. As a result, a number of blockchain applications such as simplified and automated financial transactions, merchant loyalty index tracking, and gift cards designed to achieve decentralization of electronic transactions have emerged

the relationship between Ethereum and blockchain:

Ethereum is a programmable blockchain

Ethereum does not give users a series of preset operations (such as bitcoin transaction), but allows users to create complex operations according to their own wishes

in this way, Ethereum can be used as a platform for various types of decentralized blockchain applications, including but not limited to cryptocurrency

like other blockchains, Ethereum also has a peer-to-peer network protocol. Ethereum blockchain database is maintained and updated by many nodes connected to the network. Each network node runs the Ethereum simulator and executes the same instructions. Therefore, people sometimes call Ethereum "world computer"

2.

first, define the

blockchain as an open network ledger. It originated from bitcoin and is the underlying technology of bitcoin. In bitcoin transactions, all the information of transaction records will be packaged into a "block" for storage. With the expansion of information exchange, one block links with another, forming a blockchain

Second, the digital currency represented by bitcoin is a point-to-point e-cash system. Among them, every transaction will broadcast to all participants in the network, and it will be recorded in the account book after repeated confirmation, which is called "blockchain". Each participant will have his own account book. In this way, when false information occurs, it can be broken through mutual verification, so as to ensure network security

in the blockchain, every node is equal, and there is no centralized management organization. This "decentralized" feature makes the blockchain do not need to rely on a third party, its operation does not need any human intervention, and it can independently conct self verification. In addition, the network of blockchain is open to the world, and anyone can query data through the public port, so the whole system is highly transparent

In a word, blockchain is a reliable database and a reliable "account book". In the future, it will be applied in cross-border payment, securities, loans, voting, etc. For example, in cross-border payment, with the security of blockchain, you can remit money to the world anytime and anywhere, which saves a lot of intermediate links and high fees

3. First of all, blockchain is likely to become the next important goal of e-commerce, which has been revealed in the larger instry participants. Alibaba has invested heavily in the research and development of blockchain and other large e-commerce companies (such as Wal Mart and Unilever) to cooperate with IBM, a technology giant, to enter the blockchain
secondly, for e-commerce, the smart contract of blockchain allows buyers and sellers to conct direct transactions. Smart contracts can be set to be executed only when specific obligations are fulfilled. For example, the buyer can send the determined price of the proct to the contract in cryptocurrency. The seller sends the proof of ownership to the smart contract and connects the smart contract with the company that transports and sells the proct. Once the seller has fulfilled all the obligations, the smart contract will automatically send the funds to the seller's wallet< Then, e-commerce has encountered setbacks in international transactions. But the company that can create a country and currency agnostic solution with blockchain technology is the request network. This blockchain based platform is eager to create a decentralized platform to provide convenient, fast and secure transactions for B2B, B2C and C2C interactions
finally, another disruptive function of blockchain technology is that it allows non corrupt visualization of the supply chain. We haven't done that yet, because blockchain still needs a lot of adoption, but once this happens, the whole chain reaction of the proct can be directly displayed with a tap of the thumb. Whether the proct is real, organic, fair trade or contains chemicals can be seen directly on its blockchain. Since the blockchain is not corrupt, it allows a completely transparent supply chain, allowing consumers to fully understand the procts they consume
with the progress of technology, blockchain will bring convenience to e-commerce in some other ways
welcome to pay attention to pinecone blockchain for more information.

4.

The term "smart contract" can be traced back to at least 1995 and was proposed by the prolific interdisciplinary legal scholar Nick Szabo. He mentioned the concept of smart contract in several articles published on his website. His definition is as follows:

"a smart contract is a set of promises defined in digital form, including the agreements on which the contract participants can implement these commitments."

Let's explore the meaning of his definition in more detail

commitment

a set of commitments refers to the (often mutual) rights and obligations agreed by contract participants. These commitments define the nature and purpose of the contract. Take a sales contract as a typical example. The seller promises to deliver the goods and the buyer promises to pay a reasonable price

digital form

digital form means that contracts have to be written into computer-readable code. This is necessary, because as long as the participants reach an agreement, the rights and obligations of smart contract establishment are executed by a computer or computer network

(1) when will the parties to the smart contract reach an agreement? The answer depends on the specific smart contract implementation. Generally speaking, the contract is discovered when the parties are committed to the execution of the contract by installing the contract on the contract host platform

(2) the real meaning of "execution" also depends on implementation. Generally speaking, implementation means active implementation through technical means

(3) computer readable code

in addition, the specific "digital form" required by the contract is very dependent on the agreement that the parties agree to use

protocol

protocol is technical implementation, on this basis, the contract commitment is realized, or the contract commitment is recorded. Which agreement to choose depends on many factors, the most important of which is the nature of the assets being traded ring the performance of the contract

again, take the sales contract as an example. Suppose that the participants agree to pay in bitcoin. The chosen protocol will obviously be bitcoin protocol, on which the smart contract will be implemented. Therefore, the "digital form" that the contract must use is bitcoin scripting language. Bitcoin scripting language is a non Turing complete, imperative, stack based programming language, similar to forth

smart contract

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5.

Electronic contract itself is a kind of electronic data, which has security defects such as easy to tamper and delete, which is not concive to the long-term development of the service. In order to ensure the legal effect of the electronic documents and electronic contracts signed by users on the electronic contract platform, it is necessary to deposit the whole process of electronic contract signing

in the application of "legal chain" based on blockchain certificate keeping technology, the platform will archive the key links of electronic contract signing, and store the key information and data in the whole blockchain, so as to realize the whole process of electronic contract certificate keeping

in-depth study of its implementation principle, blockchain uses cryptography algorithm, specially designed data structure and multi-party consensus algorithm to solve the consistency, reliable storage and anti tampering problems of multi-party transaction records by machine algorithm, which has a strong natural relationship with electronic data storage

First of all, the electronic contract signing records are stored in a shared account book jointly maintained by multiple parties, which can not be tampered with, denied or lost

secondly, the text and elements of the electronic contract are encrypted, including the participants of the electronic contract. Only the participants can decrypt and view the data to protect the privacy of the parties

thirdly, the machine strictly implements the pre-defined rules (smart contract), and no longer relies on a single agreement with a third party. KYC service based on blockchain automatically checks and verifies the validity and identity of certificates, and ensures the authenticity of participants' identities on the basis of privacy

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at present, the electronic contracts signed on our electronic contract platform have realized the distributed storage of digital fingerprints of electronic documents through blockchain technology, which further strengthens the legal effect of the platform's electronic contracts

6. CX projects earn money under the name of blockchain. CX projects are not real blockchains. The token is not available in the block, and there is no entity application landing. If you want to invest in blockchain, you can pay attention to super energy EES.

7. Crude oil and bulk agricultural procts are the common trading forms of bulk commodities at present, and Zhong'an is striding forward to the international market.

8.

Blockchain is a new application mode of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies

in a narrow sense, blockchain is a kind of chained data structure composed of data blocks connected in sequence according to the time sequence, and it can not be tampered with and forged by cryptography

it is an important feature of electronic contract system, which can not be tampered with and forged, and effectively improve the security of electronic contract

in 2016, we, together with Microsoft (China) and onchain, jointly launched the establishment of "French chain", which deeply integrates electronic contract and blockchain technology. Digital fingerprint information such as signing time, signing subject and file hash value of electronic contract will be broadcast to the respective nodes of all members of "French chain". Once all the information is stored, no party can tamper with it, so as to realize the anti tampering of electronic evidence and ensure its objective authenticity

9.

If the electronic contract wants to have legal effect, it needs to lock the identity of the contracting party, keep the documents from being tampered with, and accurately record the time. For the electronic documents, it also needs to consider the security of storage

through the deep use of cryptography algorithm, specially designed data structure and multi-party participation consensus algorithm, machine algorithm is used to solve the consistency, reliable storage and anti tampering problems of multi-party transaction records, which has a natural strong correlation with electronic data storage

First of all, the electronic contract signing records are stored in a shared account book jointly maintained by multiple parties, which can not be tampered with, denied or lost

secondly, the text and elements of the electronic contract are encrypted, including the participants of the electronic contract. Only the participants can decrypt and view the data to protect the privacy of the parties

thirdly, the machine strictly implements the pre-defined rules (smart contract), and no longer relies on a single agreement with a third party. KYC service based on blockchain automatically checks and verifies the validity and identity of certificates, and ensures the authenticity of participants' identities on the basis of privacy

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blockchain technology is popular in the market because it can rece intermediate links, rece fraud caused by data consistency, improve business efficiency and speed, rece the risk of counterparties, increase revenue and save costs

10. Blockchain is the underlying technology of bitcoin, and it records bitcoin transactions. It's an open book. Digital currency has a long way to go in the future. However, blockchain technology has attracted extensive attention at home and abroad, many giant companies have focused on blockchain, in the development of blockchain related applications
of course, digital currency has also received wide attention in China. The central bank held a seminar on digital currency at the beginning of this year and planned to launch its own digital currency. But this kind of digital currency is different from traditional digital currencies such as bitcoin, Ruitai coin and Laite coin. The digital currency launched by the central bank can be called currency.