Blockchain Ocaml
Analysis on the expenditure scale and application prospect of China's blockchain instry in 2018 will be close to US $300 million in 2019, so as to solve the short board problem and promote economic development
blockchain technology is expected to be widely used in the economic field
blockchain technology has strong practical significance for cultivating new momentum of economic growth, building an honest society, improving the level of management technology and alleviating the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises, It is expected to be widely used in the economic field. At present, the application of blockchain technology is still in the early stage of development, facing many challenges. We should actively promote the application of blockchain in many economic and social fields, scenes and environments, create a good environment for instrial development, improve the quality of development, strengthen the research and development of blockchain core technology, professional application demonstration, and strengthen standard manufacturing Personnel training and the construction of public service platform
in 2019, the expenditure scale of China's blockchain market will be close to US $300 million
according to the statistical data of in depth analysis report on business model innovation and investment opportunities of China's blockchain instry published by prospective instry research institute , as of 2017, the expenditure scale of China's blockchain market is only US $83 million. In 2018, the expenditure scale of China's blockchain market will reach US $160 million. It is predicted that the expenditure scale of China's blockchain market will be close to US $300 million in 2019. At this stage, the overall market scale of blockchain is small, because most blockchain projects in the market are in the trial stage, with little investment. On the other hand, many enterprises have realized the potential of blockchain and plan to increase the budget in the future. Affected by this, China's blockchain market will usher in rapid growth. It is estimated that the market expenditure will reach US $1.95 billion by 2023, and the average annual compound growth rate will be 60.51% from 2019 to 2023
Statistics and forecast of China's blockchain market expenditure scale from 2017 to 2023. At present, blockchain technology is not mature in system stability, application security, business model, etc., which can not meet the requirements of "high efficiency and low energy", "decentralization" and "security" at the same time. First, performance. The transaction throughput that can be carried out on the blockchain is not high, and the current block capacity is very small, which leads to network congestion, and it is difficult to meet the needs of high-frequency business. Many projects are also starting to optimize, but there is still a certain distance from the transaction throughput of real scenes such as banks and stock exchanges. Second, consensus mechanism. In terms of energy consumption, consensus algorithms such as workload proof consume a lot of energy and cost, which makes blockchain waste a lot of network computing power and pairing power; In terms of types, there are too few types of blockchain consensus mechanisms at present. In the future diversified business scenarios, more abundant consensus mechanisms are necessary to adapt. Third, security. Privacy protection, harmful information on the chain, smart contract vulnerability, consensus mechanism and private key protection, computing power attack, cryptography algorithm security and other issues make the blockchain face a severe situation of platform security and application security. Fourth, the database problem. Different from traditional databases, blockchain applications require a lot of write operations, hash calculation and verification operations. The database system for blockchain is still a difficult point to break through2. Unclear application scenarios
currently, the blockchain project is still in the exploration stage, and no specific landing scenarios can be found. At present, the more promising fields are finance, sharing economy, Internet of things, public services, etc., but from the perspective of the existing blockchain technology maturity, there are still many problems in the application of blockchain, and there is still a gap from the actual use. First, the immaturity of blockchain technology restricts the implementation of commercial applications. At present, although there are many kinds of blockchain core technologies such as privacy protection algorithm and consensus mechanism, they generally do not have commercial availability. Second, the application mode of blockchain is still in exploration, and the "irreplaceable" advantage of blockchain has not been reflected. Blockchain itself represents a consensus system, so we should build a consensus system in line with the corresponding business scenarios from a higher level, rather than just "business + blockchain". There are many users in China, and the business scenario is complex. Moreover, any commercial proct will involve a very large flow and population. The current blockchain technology can not meet the demand
3, lack of professional talents
blockchain technology is a multi-disciplinary and interdisciplinary technology, which mainly involves operating system, network communication, cryptography, mathematics, finance, proction and so on. However, at present, there are still deficiencies in interdisciplinary and fields in China, and the supply of talents in related fields is seriously insufficient. On the one hand, there is a large gap of R & D technical talents. Blockchain technology research and development mainly focuses on go, JavaScript, C and C + programming languages, and new smart contracts use Haskell, Ocaml, rhoang and other new functional programming languages. In China's talent market, there is a big gap for technical talents with senior R & D experience in relevant languages. On the other hand, there is a lack of bottom design talents. Different from R & D technical talents, blockchain bottom system architecture designers need to master a number of interdisciplinary professional skills, not only to deeply understand the block chain bottom design principle, but also to have the system architecture design experience, but also to master the business logic of specific application scenarios. Although some colleges and universities have launched interdisciplinary ecation and blockchain special skills discipline setting, professional talents are still very scarce
analysis of favorable factors for the development of China's blockchain. In January 2017, the Ministry of instry and information technology issued the development plan of software and information technology service instry (2016-2020), which proposed that the innovation in blockchain and other fields should reach the international advanced level. In August 2017, the State Council issued the guidance on further expanding and upgrading information consumption and continuously releasing the potential of domestic demand, proposing to carry out the pilot application of new technologies such as blockchain and artificial intelligence. In October 2017, the State Council issued the guidance on actively promoting the innovation and application of supply chain, which proposed to study the use of blockchain, artificial intelligence and other emerging technologies to establish a credit evaluation mechanism based on supply chain
in March 2018, the Ministry of instry and information technology (MIIT) issued the key points for standardization of informatization and software service instry in 2018, proposing to promote the establishment of the national informatization and instrialization Integration Management Standardization Technical Committee, and the national blockchain and Distributed Accounting Technology Standardization Committee. In June 2018, the Ministry of instry and information technology issued the instrial Internet development action plan (2018-2020) to encourage the application and research of emerging cutting-edge technologies such as edge computing, deep learning and blockchain in the instrial Internet
since the blockchain was listed in the 13th five year plan for national informatization for the first time in 2016, the national government has paid more and more attention to the blockchain. 24 provinces and cities or regions, including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Hebei, Jiangsu, Shandong, Guizhou, Gansu and Hainan, have launched dividend policies to carry out the layout of the blockchain instry chain, Actively explore instry applications based on blockchain
At present, China's blockchain technology continues to innovate, and the blockchain instry graally takes shape, and has begun to be applied in supply chain finance, credit reference, proct traceability, right trading, digital identity, electronic evidence and other fields, which is expected to promote China's economic system to achieve technological change, organizational change and efficiency change, To make important contributions to the construction of a modern economic system. With the continuous influx of entrepreneurs and capital, the number of enterprises is increasing rapidly. The application of blockchain will accelerate the landing, boost the high-quality development of traditional instries, accelerate the instrial transformation and upgrading, use blockchain technology to "rece costs" and "improve efficiency" for the real economy, and boost the standardized development of traditional instries. In addition, blockchain technology is becoming a new business form and a new driving force for economic development. Blockchain technology is promoting a new round of business model reform and becoming an important support for building a social system of integrity In the past, the circulation of physical banknotes was difficult to trace, but with the application of blockchain technology, the flow of all digital assets will have a "chain" to check. For example, in the financial field, blockchain is expected to solve the pain points and difficulties in the payment field, rece the complexity of transactions, improve the end-to-end speed of transactions, rece the communication cost in the transaction process, and improve the transparency and non tamperability of transaction records. The cost of reconciliation, clearing and settlement among financial institutions, especially cross-border financial institutions, has always been very high, and there are complex manual processes. The application of blockchain technology can help rece the cost of reconciliation and dispute resolution among financial institutions, and significantly improve the processing speed and efficiency of payment business, It also makes small cross-border payments possible. In addition, the application of blockchain will also extend to many fields, such as health care, ecation, charity, social management and so on. The market prospect is very broadthere are many kinds of this. Here are some common ones. Compare the programming language to a car:
ADA is a tank that is extremely ugly but never fails
C is a racing car. It can run faster than expected, but it breaks down every 50 miles
COBOL claims to be a car, but no self respecting driver would admit that he has ever driven it
C # is a family station wagon in a competitive mode. Once you've opened it, you won't use the procts of other competitors
C + + is a high-powered version of the C-car, which provides dozens of extra features and breaks down every 250 miles, but when it does go wrong, no one can find out what's wrong
Eiffel is a car with French accent driving instructions. He will help you find your mistakes quickly and learn from them, but if you dare to argue with him, he will scold you and throw you out of the car[ From Daniel Prager, slightly modified]
Erlang is a team that will work with each other to get you wherever you want to go. It's still a bit of practice to control a car with each foot, but once you've learned it, you can drive them to places that are hard to reach in other ways. Also, you use so many cars, so even if some of them break down, there's nothing to worry about
forth is a car that you assembled with your own kit. Your car doesn't have to look or function the same as others. However, the forth model can only go backwards
[comment on digg.com, from 256 byteram (I can't help adding it):]
for love if honk then Sorry, I really don't know what that means...)
FORTRAN is a very primitive car. It can run very fast if you are always on a completely straight road. It is said that learning to drive a FORTRAN car will make you unable to drive other models of cars any more
java
java is a family station wagon. It's easy to drive, and it won't be too fast to hurt yourself
version 1: Haskell is a car with extremely elegant and beautiful design. It is said that it can drive to very extreme terrain. When you try to drive it, it's not really going along the road; In fact, it constantly copies itself and the road. After each successful , the car will be a little farther on the road than the last one. It should still be possible to drive it in the traditional way, but your math skills are not enough to find this way
version 2: Haskell is not a real car, it is an abstract machine that can tell you in detail what the driving process should be like, if you like. You have to put this abstract machine into another real machine to start it. Don't ask how the real machine works. There is also a way, you can use many abstract machines to build another abstract machine, and then give it to the actual machine, so that you can complete your journey one by one[ Monadic version]
version 1: LISP looks like a car, but with enough modification, it can become a very effective aircraft or submarine
version 2: at first, it doesn't look like a car at all. You can see people driving it around all the time. Finally one day you decide to learn more about it, and then you realize that it's actually a car that can make more cars. You told your friends about this discovery, but they all laughed and said that the cars looked so strange. You still have one in the garage, looking forward to driving it on the road some day[ From Paul Tanimoto]
Mathematica is a well-designed car. It draws a lot of lessons from LISP cars, but it doesn't even give it any e praise. It can calculate the most efficient path to the destination through the equation, but it costs a lot of money
is a short-distance station wagon designed for novices. It usually goes to the places where mathmatica cars often go. In those places, the car is very comfortable to drive, but as long as you deviate from the route, even a little, it will become very difficult to control, so that many snobbish drivers do not recognize it as a car at all
Ocaml is a very sexy European car. It's not as fast as C, but it never breaks down, so as a result, it takes you less time to get to your destination. But because this is France, all the controls are not where they should be
Perl should be a cool car, but the driver's manual is hard to understand. In addition, even if you can find a way to drive a Perl car, you can't drive someone else's Perl car
PHP is an Oscar Mayer wienermobile, which is very strange and difficult to drive, but everyone still wants to drive it[ Cosmonjustice from digg.com]
version 1: Prolog is fully automatic: you tell it what your destination looks like, and then the rest of the driving is done[ Paul Graham added:] However, in most cases, it takes about the same amount of time to confirm your destination as if you were driving directly there
version 2: Prolog is equipped with a unique trial and error GPS system. On the way to the destination, it will drive straight ahead. If it comes to a dead end, it will turn back and try another way, and so on, until the destination[ I forgot who suggested this one]
Python is a great car for beginners, even without a driver's license. Unless you want to drive super fast or go to dangerous places, you may never use another car
ruby is the result of a collision among Perl, Python and Smalltalk. A Japanese pilot found the pieces of these cars and put them together into a car. Many drivers think it's better than the three cars put together. However, some drivers will complain that many of the controllers of ruby car are repetitive, even three copies, and these repetitive controllers are slightly different in some special cases, which will make the car more troublesome to drive. According to legend, the redesign work is already in progress
Smalltalk is a small car, originally designed for those who want to learn to drive, but because it is so well designed, even those experienced drivers like to drive it. It's not very fast, but you can take down any of its parts to make it more in line with your expectations. The odd thing is that you don't actually drive it, you just send a message to it to go somewhere, and then it either drives by or tells you it doesn't understand what you're talking about
version 1: assembly is just an engine. You have to build your own car and refuel it manually as it runs. But as long as you're careful, it can move like a bat out of hell
version 2: Compilation: you are the car
if programming language is a weapon:
C language is M1 garland rifle, very old but reliable
C + + is a double truncheon. It's very strong and attractive to wave, but it needs years of training to master. Many people want to use other weapons
java is a M240 universal clip type automatic machine gun. Sometimes its clip is round, but sometimes it is not. If it is not, when you fire, you will encounter NullPointerException, and the gun will explode and you will be killed
Scala is a variant of M240 universal machine gun, but its manual is written in an incomprehensible dialect, which many people suspect is just some dreamtalk JavaScript is a sword, but it has no hiltgo language is a self-made "if err= "Nil" starting gun, after each launch, you have to check whether it is really launched
rust language is a 3D printed gun. It may come in handy in the future
Bash is a very difficult hammer. When you swing it, you will find that everything looks like nails, especially your fingers
ruby is a ruby inlaid sword. People usually use it because it looks gorgeous
PHP is a water pipe. You usually connect one part of it to the exhaust pipe of the car and insert the other end into the window of the car. Then you sit in the car and start the engine Mathematica is a kind of earth's low orbit Particle Cannon. It may be able to do amazing things, but only people who can afford it can use itc#is a kind of powerful laser cannon, which is mounted on a donkey. If it is unloaded from the donkey, it seems that it can not emit laser
Prolog language is an artificial intelligence weapon. If you tell it what to do, it will follow suit, but after that, it will get some terminators out and burn your house LISP language is a razor with many styles. Only those who seek stimulation and danger will use it I hope I can help you, thank you