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Blockchain supercomputer
Publish: 2021-05-12 12:14:18
1. At present, blockchain is leading the trend of the economic market in various Internet instries, and it is more significant in the medical field. In addition, e to high rendancy, impossibility of tampering, low cost and the ability to manage multi signature complex permissions, blockchain may be the best data storage scheme that human beings can find at present. Medical institutions are using blockchain technology to realize the confidentiality of patients' privacy information
take the PPT big health protection ecological platform on the market as an example:
five applications of blockchain in the medical field:
1. In the aspect of EHR medical treatment, the main application of blockchain is the preservation of personal medical records, which can be understood as the electronic medical records on the blockchain. If you think of the medical record as an account book, originally it is in the hands of various hospitals, and the patients themselves do not master it, so the patients have no way to obtain their own medical records and historical information, which will cause great trouble for the patients to seek medical treatment, because the doctors can not fully understand your medical records. But now, if we can use blockchain technology to save, there will be historical data of personal medical care. Whether we see a doctor or plan for our own health, there will be historical data to use. The real master of this data is the patient himself, not a hospital or a third-party organization
2. DNA wallet gene and medical data can be safely stored by using blockchain technology and obtained by using private key, which will form a DNA wallet. This enables healthcare providers to share and count patient data safely, and helps pharmaceutical companies develop drugs more efficiently. And this model is graally being established
3. The development of bitcoin payment blockchain technology promotes bitcoin payment and gives patients more choices for insurance payment. Although it also depends on the development of bitcoin in the market, the insurance companies that provide this way also have greater advantages than their competitors. For health insurance companies, blockchain is being established as a part of financial services
4. Drug anti-counterfeiting is similar to coding anti-counterfeiting technology. For drugs using blockchain technology, there is a scraped surface on the surface of drug packaging box, and a special verification label under it, which is compared with blockchain technology to ensure the legitimacy of drugs
5. Protein folding e to the rapid process of protein folding, Stanford University previously relied on very expensive supercomputers to simulate the protein folding process. This approach is obviously expensive and has a single point of failure. By using blockchain, they can choose to use a huge distributed network for high-speed computing. This example will greatly attract other companies that use expensive supercomputers. With the development of medical technology, medical data is playing a more and more important role in the aspects of patient identity background, past medical history, and medical payment records. Medical data may be a person's most private data, but e to network operation errors or hacker attacks and other problems, in the past, these personal privacy data were leaked on a large scale. For example, anthem once leaked 80 million patient and employee records, and UCLA health once leaked 4.5 million patient data. The medical convenience brought by blockchain includes: as more and more health and preventive care are provided in a virtual environment, such as at home, at work and so on. Open and viable tracking, validation, and care delivery will become very important for patients, payers, suppliers, scientists, and regulators. The development of these new ohh blockchains in the clinical community will prepare for the study of patients' behavior, and for the important data access of supplier reimbursement, rule compliance, security monitoring and patient compliance in the future. Blockchain is a near perfect technology (not necessarily implemented at present). It can easily and safely access ooh data while protecting the maximum privacy, and rece the interest risk of all patients, including patients themselves, families, caregivers, clinics, suppliers, insurance companies and all stakeholders related to patients' health.
take the PPT big health protection ecological platform on the market as an example:
five applications of blockchain in the medical field:
1. In the aspect of EHR medical treatment, the main application of blockchain is the preservation of personal medical records, which can be understood as the electronic medical records on the blockchain. If you think of the medical record as an account book, originally it is in the hands of various hospitals, and the patients themselves do not master it, so the patients have no way to obtain their own medical records and historical information, which will cause great trouble for the patients to seek medical treatment, because the doctors can not fully understand your medical records. But now, if we can use blockchain technology to save, there will be historical data of personal medical care. Whether we see a doctor or plan for our own health, there will be historical data to use. The real master of this data is the patient himself, not a hospital or a third-party organization
2. DNA wallet gene and medical data can be safely stored by using blockchain technology and obtained by using private key, which will form a DNA wallet. This enables healthcare providers to share and count patient data safely, and helps pharmaceutical companies develop drugs more efficiently. And this model is graally being established
3. The development of bitcoin payment blockchain technology promotes bitcoin payment and gives patients more choices for insurance payment. Although it also depends on the development of bitcoin in the market, the insurance companies that provide this way also have greater advantages than their competitors. For health insurance companies, blockchain is being established as a part of financial services
4. Drug anti-counterfeiting is similar to coding anti-counterfeiting technology. For drugs using blockchain technology, there is a scraped surface on the surface of drug packaging box, and a special verification label under it, which is compared with blockchain technology to ensure the legitimacy of drugs
5. Protein folding e to the rapid process of protein folding, Stanford University previously relied on very expensive supercomputers to simulate the protein folding process. This approach is obviously expensive and has a single point of failure. By using blockchain, they can choose to use a huge distributed network for high-speed computing. This example will greatly attract other companies that use expensive supercomputers. With the development of medical technology, medical data is playing a more and more important role in the aspects of patient identity background, past medical history, and medical payment records. Medical data may be a person's most private data, but e to network operation errors or hacker attacks and other problems, in the past, these personal privacy data were leaked on a large scale. For example, anthem once leaked 80 million patient and employee records, and UCLA health once leaked 4.5 million patient data. The medical convenience brought by blockchain includes: as more and more health and preventive care are provided in a virtual environment, such as at home, at work and so on. Open and viable tracking, validation, and care delivery will become very important for patients, payers, suppliers, scientists, and regulators. The development of these new ohh blockchains in the clinical community will prepare for the study of patients' behavior, and for the important data access of supplier reimbursement, rule compliance, security monitoring and patient compliance in the future. Blockchain is a near perfect technology (not necessarily implemented at present). It can easily and safely access ooh data while protecting the maximum privacy, and rece the interest risk of all patients, including patients themselves, families, caregivers, clinics, suppliers, insurance companies and all stakeholders related to patients' health.
2. Blockchain is an important concept of bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated by using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of information about bitcoin network transactions, Used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.
3. Abstract: in a small laboratory in a secluded village 50 miles north of New York City, intricate pipelines and electronic equipment are wound under the ceiling. This seemingly haphazard pile of devices is a computer. It is different from any computer in the world, but it is a milestone device in the history --- quantum computer
on May 3, 2017, a big news in science and technology circles: the world's first optical quantum computer surpassing the early classical computer was born. This "world's first" is a genuine "made in China" and is the result of a breakthrough made by Professor Pan Jianwei and his colleagues of the University of science and technology of China and Professor Wang Haohua of Zhejiang University
if the speed of traditional computer is bicycle, the speed of quantum computer is just like airplane. In the past few months, IBM and Intel have announced that they have built 50 and 49 qubit quantum computers, respectively. Some experts point out that within ten years, the computing power of quantum computer may catch up with and surpass the current supercomputer
at the American Physics Annual Meeting held in Los Angeles on March 5, 2018, Julian Kelly, a research scientist at Google quantum AI laboratory, reported that he was leading the Google team to test a 72 qubit universal quantum computer. However, this is only 72 qubits. At this rate of development, the magic power of quantum computer will soon be terrifying
then, why do we say that quantum computers can easily crack bitcoin? What's the matter
it takes 600000 years to crack an RSA cryptosystem, but it takes less than three hours to use a quantum computer with considerable storage function! In other words, with the leap from electronic computer to quantum computer, the computing power and the ability to process big data of the whole mankind will be improved for tens of thousands or even hundreds of millions of times. In front of the quantum computer, the traditional electronic computer we used to be proud of is equivalent to the previous abacus, which is bulky and old
although the bitcoin protocol uses asymmetric cryptocurrency, the corresponding public key is used to verify the transactions signed by the private key to ensure that bitcoin can only be used by legitimate owners. It is not feasible to force the private key to be consistent with the public key by using the currently available computer, but quantum computer can solve the problem of asymmetric cryptocurrency
in addition, the rule of bitcoin is that the more processed block will be added to the blockchain, and the other block will be voided. For example, it's like 51 people in an account book say that you have saved 100 yuan in the bank, while 49 people say that you have saved 50 yuan. In this case, the minority of blockchain algorithm is subordinate to the majority, and the bank thinks that you have saved 100 yuan is true, and that you have saved 50 yuan is false. So once a miner has 51% of the computing power, other subsequent miners will not be able to continue to get bitcoin
Andersen Cheng, co-founder of a network security company in the UK, says bitcoin will come to an end the day quantum computers come into use. What's your opinion?
on May 3, 2017, a big news in science and technology circles: the world's first optical quantum computer surpassing the early classical computer was born. This "world's first" is a genuine "made in China" and is the result of a breakthrough made by Professor Pan Jianwei and his colleagues of the University of science and technology of China and Professor Wang Haohua of Zhejiang University
if the speed of traditional computer is bicycle, the speed of quantum computer is just like airplane. In the past few months, IBM and Intel have announced that they have built 50 and 49 qubit quantum computers, respectively. Some experts point out that within ten years, the computing power of quantum computer may catch up with and surpass the current supercomputer
at the American Physics Annual Meeting held in Los Angeles on March 5, 2018, Julian Kelly, a research scientist at Google quantum AI laboratory, reported that he was leading the Google team to test a 72 qubit universal quantum computer. However, this is only 72 qubits. At this rate of development, the magic power of quantum computer will soon be terrifying
then, why do we say that quantum computers can easily crack bitcoin? What's the matter
it takes 600000 years to crack an RSA cryptosystem, but it takes less than three hours to use a quantum computer with considerable storage function! In other words, with the leap from electronic computer to quantum computer, the computing power and the ability to process big data of the whole mankind will be improved for tens of thousands or even hundreds of millions of times. In front of the quantum computer, the traditional electronic computer we used to be proud of is equivalent to the previous abacus, which is bulky and old
although the bitcoin protocol uses asymmetric cryptocurrency, the corresponding public key is used to verify the transactions signed by the private key to ensure that bitcoin can only be used by legitimate owners. It is not feasible to force the private key to be consistent with the public key by using the currently available computer, but quantum computer can solve the problem of asymmetric cryptocurrency
in addition, the rule of bitcoin is that the more processed block will be added to the blockchain, and the other block will be voided. For example, it's like 51 people in an account book say that you have saved 100 yuan in the bank, while 49 people say that you have saved 50 yuan. In this case, the minority of blockchain algorithm is subordinate to the majority, and the bank thinks that you have saved 100 yuan is true, and that you have saved 50 yuan is false. So once a miner has 51% of the computing power, other subsequent miners will not be able to continue to get bitcoin
Andersen Cheng, co-founder of a network security company in the UK, says bitcoin will come to an end the day quantum computers come into use. What's your opinion?
4. No, bitcoin is generated by P2P nodes. The reason why it is calculated is that it uses cryptography instead of being generated casually. Because P2P is limited, so the number will not be very large, the operation is not created, but found.
5.
Smart earth NAT is decentralized, and smart earth NAT belongs to real blockchain
the smart earth is divided into three elements, namely "3I": IOT, interconnection and intellectualization, which refers to fully applying the new generation of it and Internet technology to all walks of life, and embedding and equipping sensors into hospitals, power grids, railways, bridges, tunnels, highways, construction, water supply systems, dams and oil and gas pipelines all over the world
the smart earth forms the Internet of things through the Internet; The Internet plus the Internet of things is the world's most intelligent and intelligent world. It is a shared database, and the data or information stored in it is the core feature of blockchain
extended data:
the essence of blockchain:
from the perspective of science and technology, blockchain involves many scientific and technological issues such as mathematics, cryptography, Internet and computer programming. From the perspective of application, in short, blockchain is a distributed shared ledger and database, which is decentralized, tamper proof, traceable, collective maintenance, open and transparent
these features ensure the "honesty" and "transparency" of the blockchain, and lay the foundation for creating trust in the blockchain. The rich application scenarios of blockchain are basically based on the fact that blockchain can solve the problem of information asymmetry, and realize the cooperative trust and concerted action among multiple agents
blockchain is a new application mode of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies. Blockchain is an important concept of bitcoin,
in essence, it is a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated by using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of information of bitcoin network transactions, Used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block
6. Enyc
energy chain is an open source public blockchain platform with smart contract function, which provides decentralized virtual machine (energy virtual machine) to process point-to-point contract through its private cryptocurrency (enyc)
Chinese Name: energy chain
attribute: blockchain big health platform
foreign name: energy chain
founder: John Charles
background
bitcoin created the first decentralized cryptocurrency, and has fully tested the feasibility and security of blockchain technology in more than five years. In fact, bitcoin's blockchain is a set of distributed database. If a symbol bitcoin is added into it and a set of protocol is specified, the symbol can be transferred safely on the database without trusting a third party. The combination of these features perfectly constructs a currency transmission system bitcoin network
Ethereum develops a blockchain based on bitcoin network congestion, and creates a platform based on the underlying technology of blockchain. The program is installed in this virtual machine system. If it is a virtual machine, it is not very different from the current one. However, the whole Ethereum system can be joined by any computer in the world. As long as each computer is installed with Ethereum client, it can become a node and a virtual machine of Ethereum. Therefore, if the scale of the whole Ethereum system is further developed in the future, It can be said that it is a global supercomputer system. Everyone can develop programs to run on this supercomputer. Moreover, the advantage of this mode is that the current cloud servers are centralized and centralized. There may be several backups, but once they die, they cannot run. However, the point-to-point network feature is that even if several nodes are offline or attacked, some of them are running, and the whole system can still run, with high risk and error resistance
EOS creates a developer friendly underlying platform of blockchain, which is similar to the operating system of blockchain. It has powerful performance, can support multiple applications running at the same time, and can support multiple programming languages at the same time. It provides developers with underlying moles for developing DAPP and reces the development threshold
opportunity, bitcoin, Ethereum and EOS are the infrastructure of the opportunity instry, which fail to achieve effective application
enyc is based on the underlying platform of instry blockchain developed in the field of big health, which is similar to the underlying operating system of big health instry. The core algorithm of enyc is ethash (an improved version of dagger Hashimoto algorithm), which includes finding the random number input of the algorithm to make the result lower than a specific difficulty threshold. To find such a random number, there is no better strategy than listing the possibilities, and the verification of the solution is trivial and cheap. Since the output is evenly distributed (as a result of the application of the hash table function), we can guarantee that, on average, the time needed to find such a random number depends on the difficulty threshold. This makes it possible to control the time to find a new block only by manipulating the difficulty
design principle
conciseness principle
enyc protocol will be as simple as possible, even at the cost of some data storage and time inefficiency. An ordinary programmer can also perfectly implement the complete development instructions. This will ultimately help to rece the possible impact of any particular indivial or elite group on the agreement, and promote the prospect of enyc as an open agreement for all. Optimizations that add complexity will not be accepted unless they provide very fundamental benefits
General principles
the absence of "features" is a fundamental part of enyc's design philosophy. Instead, enyc provides a Turing complete scripting language within the health instry for users to build any smart contract or transaction type that can be precisely defined. To build a full-scale daemon or Skynet, you may need thousands of interlocking contracts and be sure to feed them generously, anything is possible
molarity principle
different parts of enyc should be designed based on molarity and separability of big health instry. In the development process, it should be easy to make a small change in the protocol somewhere, while the application layer can continue to run normally without any change. Ethereum development should do these things to the greatest extent to help the whole cryptocurrency ecosystem, not just itself
the principle of non discrimination
the agreement should not actively attempt to restrict or hinder specific categories or usages, and all regulatory mechanisms in the agreement should be designed to directly monitor hazards, and should not attempt to oppose specific unpopular applications. People can even run an infinite loop script on ency, as long as they are willing to pay the transaction cost calculated according to the calculation steps
functional application
enyc is a big health instry platform, which provides various moles for users to build applications. If building instry applications is compared to building houses, then enyc provides walls, roofs, floors and other moles. Users only need to build houses like building blocks, so the cost and speed of building applications on enyc are greatly improved. Specifically, enyc builds applications through a set of Turing complete scripting language (EVM language for short). It is similar to assembly language. We know that it is very painful to program directly in assembly language, but programming in enyc does not need to use EVM language directly, but is similar to C language, python, lisp and other high-level languages, Then it is translated into EVM language by compiler
the application on the platform mentioned above is actually a contract, which is the core of enyc. A contract is an automatic agent living in the enyc system. It has its own enycoin address. When a user sends a transaction to the address of the contract, the contract will be activated. Then, according to the additional information in the transaction, the contract will run its own code, and finally return a result, which may be another transaction from the address of the contract. It should be pointed out that transactions in enyc not only send enyc, but also embed a lot of additional information. If a transaction is sent to a contract, then this information is very important, because the contract will complete its business logic based on this information
the business that the contract can provide is almost endless, and its boundary is your imagination, because Turing's complete language provides a complete degree of freedom, allowing users to build a variety of applications in the big health instry.
energy chain is an open source public blockchain platform with smart contract function, which provides decentralized virtual machine (energy virtual machine) to process point-to-point contract through its private cryptocurrency (enyc)
Chinese Name: energy chain
attribute: blockchain big health platform
foreign name: energy chain
founder: John Charles
background
bitcoin created the first decentralized cryptocurrency, and has fully tested the feasibility and security of blockchain technology in more than five years. In fact, bitcoin's blockchain is a set of distributed database. If a symbol bitcoin is added into it and a set of protocol is specified, the symbol can be transferred safely on the database without trusting a third party. The combination of these features perfectly constructs a currency transmission system bitcoin network
Ethereum develops a blockchain based on bitcoin network congestion, and creates a platform based on the underlying technology of blockchain. The program is installed in this virtual machine system. If it is a virtual machine, it is not very different from the current one. However, the whole Ethereum system can be joined by any computer in the world. As long as each computer is installed with Ethereum client, it can become a node and a virtual machine of Ethereum. Therefore, if the scale of the whole Ethereum system is further developed in the future, It can be said that it is a global supercomputer system. Everyone can develop programs to run on this supercomputer. Moreover, the advantage of this mode is that the current cloud servers are centralized and centralized. There may be several backups, but once they die, they cannot run. However, the point-to-point network feature is that even if several nodes are offline or attacked, some of them are running, and the whole system can still run, with high risk and error resistance
EOS creates a developer friendly underlying platform of blockchain, which is similar to the operating system of blockchain. It has powerful performance, can support multiple applications running at the same time, and can support multiple programming languages at the same time. It provides developers with underlying moles for developing DAPP and reces the development threshold
opportunity, bitcoin, Ethereum and EOS are the infrastructure of the opportunity instry, which fail to achieve effective application
enyc is based on the underlying platform of instry blockchain developed in the field of big health, which is similar to the underlying operating system of big health instry. The core algorithm of enyc is ethash (an improved version of dagger Hashimoto algorithm), which includes finding the random number input of the algorithm to make the result lower than a specific difficulty threshold. To find such a random number, there is no better strategy than listing the possibilities, and the verification of the solution is trivial and cheap. Since the output is evenly distributed (as a result of the application of the hash table function), we can guarantee that, on average, the time needed to find such a random number depends on the difficulty threshold. This makes it possible to control the time to find a new block only by manipulating the difficulty
design principle
conciseness principle
enyc protocol will be as simple as possible, even at the cost of some data storage and time inefficiency. An ordinary programmer can also perfectly implement the complete development instructions. This will ultimately help to rece the possible impact of any particular indivial or elite group on the agreement, and promote the prospect of enyc as an open agreement for all. Optimizations that add complexity will not be accepted unless they provide very fundamental benefits
General principles
the absence of "features" is a fundamental part of enyc's design philosophy. Instead, enyc provides a Turing complete scripting language within the health instry for users to build any smart contract or transaction type that can be precisely defined. To build a full-scale daemon or Skynet, you may need thousands of interlocking contracts and be sure to feed them generously, anything is possible
molarity principle
different parts of enyc should be designed based on molarity and separability of big health instry. In the development process, it should be easy to make a small change in the protocol somewhere, while the application layer can continue to run normally without any change. Ethereum development should do these things to the greatest extent to help the whole cryptocurrency ecosystem, not just itself
the principle of non discrimination
the agreement should not actively attempt to restrict or hinder specific categories or usages, and all regulatory mechanisms in the agreement should be designed to directly monitor hazards, and should not attempt to oppose specific unpopular applications. People can even run an infinite loop script on ency, as long as they are willing to pay the transaction cost calculated according to the calculation steps
functional application
enyc is a big health instry platform, which provides various moles for users to build applications. If building instry applications is compared to building houses, then enyc provides walls, roofs, floors and other moles. Users only need to build houses like building blocks, so the cost and speed of building applications on enyc are greatly improved. Specifically, enyc builds applications through a set of Turing complete scripting language (EVM language for short). It is similar to assembly language. We know that it is very painful to program directly in assembly language, but programming in enyc does not need to use EVM language directly, but is similar to C language, python, lisp and other high-level languages, Then it is translated into EVM language by compiler
the application on the platform mentioned above is actually a contract, which is the core of enyc. A contract is an automatic agent living in the enyc system. It has its own enycoin address. When a user sends a transaction to the address of the contract, the contract will be activated. Then, according to the additional information in the transaction, the contract will run its own code, and finally return a result, which may be another transaction from the address of the contract. It should be pointed out that transactions in enyc not only send enyc, but also embed a lot of additional information. If a transaction is sent to a contract, then this information is very important, because the contract will complete its business logic based on this information
the business that the contract can provide is almost endless, and its boundary is your imagination, because Turing's complete language provides a complete degree of freedom, allowing users to build a variety of applications in the big health instry.
7.
Network cloud (Network) disk users are strictly prohibited to share and disseminate illegal network disk files containing infringement, pornography, metamorphosis, violence, bloody, terrorist, reactionary and other contents. Illegal network disk files will not be forcibly deleted from the user's network disk, but are prohibited from downloading and sharing. Illegal seed files and video files are also prohibited from creating offline BT download tasks and online cloud playback and viewing, respectively Will be forced to implant 8 seconds warm video prompt information)
[sample screenshot]
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