Blockchain written by Prince Gong

1. Aixinjueluo Yi Ling (1832-1898) was the leader of the Westernization Movement in the late Qing Dynasty. The sixth son of Emperor Daoguang. In 1851, Xianfeng was named Prince Gong. In 1860, when Emperor Xianfeng fled Rehe, he was appointed Minister of plenipotentiary. He stayed in Beijing to negotiate peace and signed the Treaty of Beijing with Britain, France and Russia. In 1861, Xianfeng was appointed to preside over the premier's national affairs Yamen. After his death, Emperor Xianfeng and Empress Dowager Cixi conspired to launch a Qixiang coup to eliminate the SUSHUN clique. He served as the king of the Political Council, took charge of the military office and the premier's Yamen, took charge of the imperial government, and presided over the Westernization activities. Because of the conflict with Empress Dowager Cixi, she was dismissed and reinstated several times. He died in 1898< One emperor and six sons: the defeated contenders for the throne

Xuanzong (Daoguang) of the Qing Dynasty had three and nine sons before his death. The eldest son was Hong in April of the 11th year of Daoguang, while the second and third sons were young; On the 9th of June in the 11th year of Daoguang reign, empress Xiaoquan, the third empress of Xuanzong, gave birth to Yichen, the fourth son of the emperor, which was later called Wenzong (Xianfeng) of the Qing Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, the rule of "no leader, no leader, no virtuous person" predestined Yi Chen's status as the future emperor. However, even in the Qing Dynasty, Yi Chen's status as the leader also gave him the most favorable position among the imperial competitors. On November 21, the 12th year of Daoguang, the imperial concubine of Jinghuang, who was second only to the queen, gave birth to Yixin, the sixth son of the emperor< On the ninth day of the first month of the 20th year of Daoguang, the empress died at the age of 33. Emperor Daoguang himself gave her the posthumous title of "Xiaoquan". After the empress Xiaoquan and the Emperor Daoguang, Yi Xin's biological mother became the first person in the six palaces as the imperial concubine, and the young Yi Chen was also entrusted to the imperial concubine. In some people's eyes, the balance of the throne began to tilt to Yi Xin< However, both Yi Chen and Yi Xin, who were raised by the same mother, are still childless, and the rights pursued by alts have not yet brought any impact on them. Maybe it's the same age (Yi Cong, the fifth son of the emperor, was the prince of Dun, while the seventh son was too young), maybe it's because he was in a lonely palace and lacked other friends, so the two brothers were very close. According to the draft of the history of the Qing Dynasty, Wang and Wenzong were in the same study and studied martial arts. They made 28 weapons and 18 swords. Xuanzong gave them the name of "Dihua Xiejie", Dao "baoe Xuanwei", and Baihong Dao to Yixin This shows the intimate relationship between them, and Xuanzong is also gratified by this
the tree wants to be quiet, but the wind is not enough. Yi Chen and Yi Xin have no idea of fighting for the throne, but their teachers Du Shoutian and Zhuo Bingtian begin to fight silently but fiercely in the dark. Zhuo Bingtian, who is close to Yixin, served as a bachelor for a long time before he died. He "managed the Ministry of war, the Ministry of household and the Ministry of work, and gave him Hualing". After his death, he was posthumously named "Wenan". It can be seen that Zhuo Bingtian is an important minister with considerable talent and morality. However, the draft of the history of the Qing Dynasty records that he was often called "yes" in the meetings presided over by his relatives, but "there are debates from time to time, which are not welcomed by the users", Zhuo Bingtian's unsophisticated character greatly influenced his disciple Yi Xin; However, Du Shoutian, who was close to Yi Chen, was in a lower position (he was only a second grade student at this time, but he served as the chief master of the upper study.), However, he was much better than Zhuo Bingtian in dealing with affairs and understanding Xuanzong's mind. According to historical records, there are two things that have had an important impact on Xuanzong's decision to inherit. One of them is published in the draft of Qing Dynasty history, which says: "Wenzong entered school at the age of six and accepted the instruction of Tian Chaoxi. He must follow the right path for more than ten years. In Xuanzong's later years, he was a virtuous writer, and his ambition to spread the great cause was still undecided; Prince Gong got the most birds, but Wen Zong didn't give a single shot. He asked, "in the spring of this year, birds and animals were breeding, and they couldn't bear to hurt the birds to make peace with heaven." Xuanzong Dayue said: "this is the true word of the emperor!" Li Chu then made a secret decision, and received Tian's guidance. Second, it comes from the unofficial notes "anecdotes of the Qing Dynasty", which says: "in the season of Daoguang, Xuanzong fell ill and called the second prince to the throne one day, so as to decide whether to reserve the throne. The two princes each asked for orders from their teachers. Zhuo (Bingtian) taught King Gong. If you have any inquiries, you should say everything. Du said that emperor Xianfeng said: "brother, if you have a clear idea of current affairs, you will never be able to defeat the sixth master. There is only one way. If the emperor says that he is old and ill, he will soon be here. My elder brother is just crying to show his sincerity. " As the saying goes, Emperor Dayue is called emperor's fourth son Ren Xiao, so the throne was decided. " In the 26th year of Daoguang reign, Emperor Xuanzong of the Qing Dynasty set up the imperial edict in the chest
looking at the above two things, Yi Chen relies on Du Shoutian's power (DU Shoutian also depends on the heart of Xuanzong, to be honest, it's not the so-called "right way"), and the feeling of the two things is quite similar to that of Cao Pi and Cao Zhi in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Brothers become heirs by taking advantage of each other. Although it can be said that they are both right, they often make people feel aggrieved for their younger brothers; The second thing has stated that Yi Chen is not as good as Yi Xin in current politics, and the combination of the two events reflects Yi Xin's integrity in both literature and military. On the other hand, although Zhuo Bingtian didn't take the throne for Yi Xin, Yi Xin learned from Zhuo Bingtian's practical ability of managing Beijing Yin for a long time. As Yi Xin was under 15 years old and a child, he did not fully understand the impact of the success or failure of the competition on his life; However, Yi Chen, the elder brother of Da Yixin, who is one and a half years old, fully understands the mystery. The experience brought by years of training is better than talent. In addition, there is no evidence to show that the brotherhood of Yi Chen and Yi Xin was greatly damaged in the process of fighting for the throne< In the 28th year of Daoguang, Yi Xin (who should be under 16 years old, so young...) married GUI Liang's daughter; The later empress dowager Ci'an "Shi Wenzong's hidden residence" should be later than this. Yi Xin's marriage to Gui Liang's daughter had a great influence on his later diplomatic career and the establishment of the so-called "Prince Gong school"< On the morning of February 25, 1850, Xuanzong of the Qing Dynasty was very ill, so he called Zongren Zong Ling Zaiquan, former royal ministers Zaiyuan, Duanhua and Seng geliqin, military ministers mu zhanga, saishanga, he Rulin, Chen Fuen and Ji Zhichang, and minister in charge of internal affairs wenqinggong Qixia to declare that "the four sons of the emperor are the crown prince"; But Xuanzong didn't give up Yixin, the sixth emperor's son. At the end of his life, he left Zhu Yu to "make Yixin, the sixth emperor's son, Prince", which is rare. On that day, Xuanzong collapsed in Shende Hall of Yuanmingyuan< On the 26th of the first month of the 30th year of Daoguang (March 9, 1850), Yi Chen, who was under the age of 19, ascended the throne and changed the next year to the first year of Xianfeng. Respect the imperial concubine for the imperial concubine; The third elder brother of Zaohong was granted the title of princess, and his younger brother Yixin was granted the title of Prince Gong (in April of the second year of Xianfeng, he was still in the inner court). From the present point of view, it is too young to be the ruler of China at the age of Yi Chen. However, in the Qing Dynasty, the emperor who succeeded to the throne at this age was not too young
perhaps because of the precocity of the royal children, or driven by the sense of political responsibility, the young emperor soon showed the spirit that a ruler should have. (it is also very likely that most of them were taught by Du Shoutian. The biography of Du Shoutian in the draft of the history of the Qing Dynasty says: "the state's major policies and ministers who advance and retreat must consult first and then act.". On the one hand, Yi Chen reappeared Lin Zexu, who was known as the first virtuous Minister of Daoguang Dynasty, and ordered him to go to Guangxi as the governor of Guangxi under the imperial envoy's office to suppress the just rising Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement (unfortunately, Lin Zexu didn't come to Guangxi for the convenience of dying halfway. If Lin Wenzhong lived three years longer, Liang Xiu would probably not be able to leave Guangdong and Guangxi); On the other hand, Yi Chen, who has been on the throne for only nine months, dismissed mu zhang'a, the military aircraft minister under Xuanzong's command, for the charge of "harming the country". In the middle and late period of Daoguang Dynasty, mu zhang'a lost his power for a while, formed a "Mu party" and even had family members and old officials all over the world. Many famous scholars were cited, which could be regarded as a great disaster to the country. The decisive disposal of Yi Chen made all the people in the world happy, and Yi Chen's position also became stable
Yi Chen is committed to governance, which requires an administrative team that also wants to cheer up. After mu zhang'a, Xianfeng appointed saishang'a and Qi Junzao as the leaders of military aircraft. However, these senior officials soon proved that they were not the kind of pillars. With the development of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the situation of the Qing Dynasty became worse and worse. In the third year of Xianfeng, Lin Fengxiang and Li Kaifang of the Taiping Army graally approached the capital. Emperor Xianfeng, who was completely disappointed with Qi Junzao, thought of his 20-year-old brother, Prince Gong Yixin. At the moment, Yi Chen obviously does not think that the deterioration of the situation is e to his lack of ambition, talent and ability. In his opinion, the reason lies in the fact that the internal military and external governors have failed him< In September of the third year of Xianfeng, Yi Xin was ordered to walk in the military plane. This is the third prince to serve as a minister of military aircraft since the establishment of the military aircraft Department (room) in the seventh year of Yongzheng reign (the first is Yunxiang, Prince Yixian, who died less than a year after taking office; Yongyu, the second prince of Chengzhe, was only on ty for ten months. At the moment, Yi Xin was just 20 years old, and he was a new comer in the military aircraft department. However, his status as prince made Qi Junzao have to be scrupulous and give in. With the acquiescence and support of Xianfeng, Yi Xin soon became the de facto leader of the military aircraft department. Qi Junzao took a sick leave in August of the fourth year of Xianfeng, He became an official again in November (Qi Junzao was excluded by Duanhua and SUSHUN when he was not trusted by Xianfeng). Yi Xin then became the official leader of the military aircraft minister. By this time, the military aircraft ministers of Daoguang Dynasty had all been replaced, and a new administrative group was established
there are few detailed records about Yi Xin's actions ring the period when he served as the first assistant in the historical books. Among them, the outline of Chinese history states that "Yi Xin had served for two years, but there was nothing to do", but facts have proved that the situation of the Qing Dynasty did not continue to deteriorate ring this period. On the contrary, the rapid development of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom suffered several setbacks at this stage; Of course, the inexperienced Yi Xin is unlikely to be the protagonist of this change, but his performance ring his term of office should be quite excellent (he also served as the governor, youzongzheng and zongling in succession), Otherwise, Prince Gong, who was popular in the last years of Xianfeng, would not exist. In the North China war zone, which was regarded as the most important by the imperial court, the Taiping army "swept North" led by Lin Fengxiang and Li Kaifang plundered all the way to the north and slaughtered the whole city in Cangzhou. As a result, the "long hair bandits" quickly fell into a desperate situation. At the beginning of the fifth year of Xianfeng, the whole army was annihilated, and Yi Xin was also given a special account for "clearing the capital". In the Southern War Zone, the Xiang army defeated Lin Shaozhang and Zeng Tianyang of the Taiping Army in Xiangtan, and then the Taiping army was forced to withdraw from Hunan. As a result, the Xiang army, which calmed down its hometown and helped other provinces, began to become an important armed force of the Manchu Qing Dynasty (this fact shows that Yi Xin does not belong to the kind of Manchu Mongolian relative nobles with the view of Manchu Han treasure territory)
in July of the fifth year of Xianfeng, Yi Xin's biological mother, empress Huanggui (Jing), died of illness. Later, she honored empress Huanggui as empress kangci. At the beginning of July, the ninth empress dowager collapsed. On July 20, Xianfeng cited Prince Gong's "handling the funeral ceremony of Empress Dowager" as an excuse to "strike the military plane minister, zongling and Dutong, still walking in the inner court and studying in the study." The book a brief history of the Qing Dynasty describes the incident as "emperor Xianfeng drove Yi Xin out of the military aircraft department with a false accusation.". Yi Chen and Yi Xin

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Title: Prince Gong Yi and Chen 18211
Author: Dong Shouyi
format: 16kai
price: 39.00 yuan

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Sheng Yu said: "if you ask a minister of Xinjiang but you don't know the decree, there hasn't been such a regime for 200 years." and impeachs the Secretary for dereliction of ty. When the Empress Dowager was angry, the prince of Ba Gong Yi and Chen 18211; And so on. A prince can't be overthrown by a memorial of a fourth grade official. There must be suspicion and dissatisfaction from those in power behind it. Sheng Yu's memorial is to impeach Prince Gong, and this letter is a sharp weapon to let Prince Gong step down in the hands of the Empress Dowager

in the event of Prince Gong's downfall, although Sheng Yu was only a four grade official, his memorial was the last straw that killed the camel. The disagreement between the Empress Dowager and the Lord has resulted in some officials not daring to ask or say anything. It is Sheng Yu's character that makes him less concerned about the game and points out Prince Gong's fault. Such a person is also rare< history is for people to comment on. Each person has his own point of view. You can't just see the tip of the iceberg when you look at problems. Remember this, you will have more depth than others

4. [impressions on the out of print Prince Gong] the books given by friends as birthday gifts must be selected by thousands. Impressions on the out of print Prince Gong. One of them is Prince Gong out of print. This mid autumn festival will focus on it. Overall, I feel good and have gained a lot. The book sees that mature people don't care about form, but about ideology. Although there are few new things, Prince Gong, as the chief designer of the reform in the late Qing Dynasty, seems to disagree. But there are several points worth pondering. First, the Tianping Heavenly Kingdom movement resulted in the loss of power of the central government. The Qing Dynasty had to devolve financial power because of the long war and the empty Treasury. Zeng Guopan had to release personnel power and military power. At the end of the war, there was no end to it. Fortunately, the old Zeng family attached great importance to the imperial court, castrated themselves and became a eunuch under the autocratic imperial power. But at this point, the major governors supported the troops and respected themselves, and the imperial power could only linger in the palace. With the gunshot of the 1911 Revolution, local officials responded one after another, which was the function of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. If it were foreign aggression, it might be more centralized. After all, the external enemies are all external, while the internal enemies are native. Second, the relationship between coastal defense and coastal defense. The ideal point of view is naturally to have both fish and bear's paw. However, it is often difficult to take the same one, and it is difficult to know which one is bear's paw. As for Zuo gongsuo's eloquence of accepting Xinjiang to protect Mongolia and protecting Mongolia to defend the capital, it's really admirable to think about it carefully. After reading "Prince Gong out of print". Should the article be written like this. The stakes are clear. As a matter of fact, it is much faster for the eight countries to fight all the way from Guangzhou to Beijing than from land. However, at that time, it was also a dream for Japan to swallow an elephant in a naval battle. Russia's strategic intention is only to block the further infiltration of British forces. But there is a good saying in the article that China is so weak because of a weak word. No matter bear, wolf or eagle, they all wanted to bite China, the last and largest piece of mutton in the world at that time. The third is about the second in the Chinese regime. Comparing Prince Gong with Zhou Enlai, we think they are both the second. Not to mention whether Zhou was the second or the third, in terms of Prince Gong's role, it was not. However, the author does not hold such a view. I don't take the author's view either. It is strange that Prince Gong was always the chief designer of the reform in the late Qing Dynasty. If this is true, it's really the emperor's relatives, Emperor's Zhou and talent. It's really rare to know the world without leaving home. What's interesting is that since we don't say it, we can let it go; Since they do not centralize power, they can do their own things at the behest of the princes. Isn't that strange? Fourth, the problem of corruption must arise in centralized management. I totally disagree with that view. Centralized management is just a means. Just like a gun, it will kill people? Centralization of power into the legal track can also avoid corruption. If democracy is not comprehensive enough, it is difficult to avoid corruption. However, I agree that the government's responsibility is to build a clean, fair, transparent and efficient government operation environment to facilitate the growth of capital. Things can check and balance each other

[after reading Prince Gong out of print] with the passage: "everything in this world is accomplished by hope, the farmer will not peel off a grain of corn, if he did not want it to grow into a seed; A bachelor will not marry if he did not wish to have children; A businessman will not go to work if he didn't want to be profitable

5. Each couplet is 198 cm in length and 40 cm in width. The first couplet is: zhushulianfang, near shaohefen Academy; The following couplet is: Huaitang Jirui yuanyan Jiangzuo Jiasheng. There are three seals, the seals are: "huangliuzi and shuogong", "Gongwang" and "huangliuzi"< p>

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7. Zaicheng (1858-1885), the eldest son, was 28 years old. His heir, Pu Wei, was the eldest son of Zai Ying. Second son Zaiying (1861-1909), born in 1868 after Zhong Jun Wang Yi Chen as his successor, he attacked Baylor and took over the throne. He was 49 years old. Three sons carry Jun, early war. The fourth son was born in the early days

the eldest sun Puwei (1880-1936), Prince Gong, was the heir of Zaicheng. Second sun puru (1896-1963), a famous calligrapher and painter, changed his name to puxinyu after the death of the Qing Dynasty. His poems, calligraphy and painting were as famous as Zhang Daqian, so later generations called them "Southern Zhang and Northern Pu". Three sun Puyi (1906-1963), a famous calligrapher and painter.

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The new mansion was originally a scholar's mansion in Daoguang period. It was small in scale and consisted of only a few large quadrangles. Prince Su built a two-story building here, installed power generation equipment and tap water, and built a French living room. Although there are more than 200 new royal palaces, they are not built according to the regulations of royal palaces

there are dormitories, study rooms and gardens in the new palace. A two-story building is also built on the northernmost side of the garden. The interior decoration of the building is completely in accordance with the French style. The piano, ocean bed and chandelier made in the West are placed in the house. They are all imported from Europe

After the 20th century, Prince Su Shanqi left Beijing to live in Lushun, where he died in 1922. In 1947, the Xinsu Prince's house in the South shipboard Hutong of Beixinqiao was sold to the French Catholic Church as a seminary by Xianrong, the 19th son of Shanqi, and the Charter of Shanqi's eldest son

9. It should be. Japan started Meiji Restoration only in the reign of Emperor Guangxu. Prince Gong himself said that he was a genius who was proficient in Western Affairs and systems. He knew people well and respected Han officials. He had an excellent overall view and had no lack of power
if he becomes emperor, China can implement constitutional monarchy early and become the first Asian power to invade Japan and South Korea
it's a pity that he cherishes reputation as much as Zeng Guofan and has no ambition