Blockchain and smart country
blockchain is an important concept of bitcoin, which is essentially a decentralized database and the underlying technology of bitcoin. Blockchain is a series of data blocks generated by cryptography. Each data block contains the information of a bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block
let's talk about the social or economic significance of blockchain. In fact, many of the previous technologies were devoted to "proctivity". For example, artificial intelligence is a kind of progress in proctivity. The blockchain, which has greatly improved the proction relations, is committed to the proction relations. So why do you say that
because the so-called proction relationship is actually how to do business between people and business partners. And these things, originally, are in the cognitive process between people, and there is no special program to program or quantify it
for example, if you and I are good friends now, we can do business. If someone stirs up our relationship and we are not good friends, we will not do business. Even if we can make money in business, we will not do business because there is no trust between us
as for blockchain, it is actually because the data is authenticated by all nodes and backed up at the same time, so my data is as real as possible and can't be tampered with. In this case, if you believe my data, you can make a program on this basis, and then use the data to make what kind of business contract, what kind of service, what kind of service, and what kind of service, what kind of service, what kind of service, what kind of service, what kind of service, what kind of service, what kind of service, etc This "proction relationship" of commercial cooperation is programmed. In this way, we believe in the data and the program compiled by the algorithm. Because you believe in the data and the program, you can develop all kinds of apps in the program. These apps are the proction relations and what business to do. This is: blockchain is actually a reconstruction of "proction relationship".
The strict definition of blockchain refers to the distributed database technology that multiple nodes in peer-to-peer network jointly maintain a continuously growing list ledger constructed by time stamp and orderly record data blocks through consensus mechanism based on cryptography technology. This technical solution allows any number of nodes in the participating system to calculate and record all the information exchange data in the system in a period of time to a data block through cryptography algorithm, and generate the fingerprint of the data block for linking the next data block and checking. All participating nodes in the system jointly determine whether the record is true
blockchain is a technical solution similar to NoSQL (non relational database). It is not a specific technology, and can be implemented through many programming languages and architectures. There are many ways to realize blockchain, including pow (proof of work), POS (proof of stake), dpos (delegate proof of stake), etc
the concept of blockchain was first proposed in the paper "bitcoin: a peer-to-peer electronic cash system" by indivials (or groups) who call themselves Satoshi Nakamoto. Therefore, bitcoin can be regarded as the first application of blockchain in the field of financial payment
< H2 > [popular explanation]no matter how big the system or how small the website is, there is a database behind it. So who will maintain this database? In general, who is responsible for the operation of the network or system, then who is responsible for the maintenance. If it is wechat database, it must be maintained by Tencent team, and Taobao database is maintained by Alibaba team. We must think that this way is natural, but blockchain technology is not
if we think of the database as a book, for example, Alipay is a typical account book. Any change of data is bookkeeping. We can think of database maintenance as a very simple way of accounting. In the world of blockchain, everyone in the blockchain system has the opportunity to participate in bookkeeping. The system will select the fastest and best bookkeeper in a period of time, maybe within ten seconds or ten minutes. The bookkeeper will record the changes of the database and the account book in a block. We can think of this block as a page. After the system confirms that the records are correct, the system will record the changes of the database and the account book in a block, It will link the fingerprint of the past account book to this paper, and then send this paper to everyone else in the whole system. Then, over and over again, the system will look for the next person with fast and good bookkeeping, and everyone else in the system will get a of the whole ledger. This means that everyone as like as two peas in the system is called Blockchain. It is also called distributed account technology. P>
as like as two peas (computer) have identical accounting books, and everyone has the same rights, they will not collapse e to the loss of contact or downtime of a single person. As like as two peas, the data is transparent and everyone can see what changes are in every account. Its very interesting feature is that the data can't be tampered with. Because the system will automatically compare, it will think that the same number of books with the largest number are real books, and a small number of books with different numbers are false books. In this case, it's meaningless for anyone to tamper with his own account book, because unless you can tamper with most nodes in the whole system. If there are only five or ten nodes in the whole system, it may be easy to do so. However, if there are tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of nodes and they are distributed in any corner of the Internet, unless someone can control most computers in the world, it is unlikely to tamper with such a large block chain
< H2 > [elements]combined with the definition of blockchain, we think that we must have the following four elements to be called public blockchain technology. If we only have the first three elements, we will consider it as private blockchain Technology (private chain)
1, peer-to-peer network (power equivalence, physical point-to-point connection)
2, verifiable data structure (verifiable PKC system, non tampering database)
3, distributed consensus mechanism (Solving Byzantine general problem, solving double payment)
4 Game design of Nash equilibrium (cooperation is the strategy of evolutionary stability)
combined with the definition of blockchain, blockchain will realize four main characteristics: decentralized, trustless, collective maintenance and reliable database. And the other two will be derived from the four characteristics Features: open source Privacy. If a system does not have these characteristics, it can not be regarded as an application based on blockchain technology
Decentralized: there is no centralized hardware or management organization in the whole network. The rights and obligations of any node are equal, and the damage or loss of any node will not affect the operation of the whole system. Therefore, it can also be considered that the blockchain system has excellent robustnesstrustworthiness: there is no need to trust each other when participating in the data exchange between each node in the whole system. The operation rules of the whole system are open and transparent, and all data contents are also open. Therefore, within the specified rule range and time range of the system, nodes cannot and cannot cheat other nodes
collective maintenance: the data blocks in the system are maintained by all the nodes with maintenance function in the whole system, and these nodes with maintenance function can be participated by anyone
reliable database: the whole system will enable each participating node to obtain a of the complete database in the form of sub databases. Unless more than 51% of the nodes in the whole system can be controlled at the same time, the modification of the database on a single node is invalid, and the data content on other nodes cannot be affected. Therefore, the more nodes and computing power in the system, the higher the data security in the system
Open Source: since the operation rules of the whole system must be open and transparent, the whole system must be open source for the program
Privacy Protection: since there is no need to trust each other between nodes, there is no need to disclose the identity between nodes, and the privacy of each participating node in the system is protected
2017 is the first year of blockchain outbreak, and 2018 will be the first year of blockchain landing
what changes has blockchain brought to the world from 1.0 to 3.0
the development of blockchain can be divided into three stages: point-to-point transaction, smart contract and pan blockchain application Ecology (token economy)
blockchain 1.0 era: the era of digital currency return rate is the king, Digital currency trading is the most important form for people to participate in the blockchain. At this stage, few people really pay attention to the application value of digital currency, let alone the practical value of blockchain technology behind it. People's focus is on the rate of return of digital currency, which is equivalent to buying stocks on another disk. However, this "stock" is more active, and the rate of return is amazing. Of course, it is also full of sorrow
blockchain 2.0 era: smart contract provides infrastructure support for upper layer application development
"smart contract" era, which is the real programmable blockchain, usually represented by "Ethereum", supports Turing's complete scripting language at this stage, It provides the necessary infrastructure for developers to develop any application on the basis of their set "operating system", and realizes the application landing of virtual world. The biggest contribution of blockchain 2.0 is to completely subvert the traditional concepts of currency and payment through smart contracts. In the era of blockchain 2.0, blockchain has formed a trust foundation based on the characteristics of traceability and non tampering, which provides a trusted execution environment for smart contracts and makes it possible for contracts to be automated and intelligent. The biggest difference between the smart contract and the traditional contract is that it is not restricted by the law of the real society. For the contract subject to automatically execute the agreement after triggering the contract terms, However, the arbitration platform no longer judges the execution result in the smart contract, but undertakes the responsibility of execution
blockchain 3.0: the subversion of business lies in the transformation of proction relations
we are now at the junction of 2.0 era and 3.0 era, which can be regarded as an ideal vision for the future virtual digital currency economy, In blockchain 3.0, people can really realize the asset on the chain, build a variety of applications in a large underlying framework, build a platform with no trust cost, super trading ability and extremely low risk, which can be used to realize the increasingly automated distribution of physical resources and human assets around the world, and promote large-scale cooperation in science, health, ecation and other fields
blockchain 2.0 constructs digital identity, smart contract and other infrastructure. On this basis, it hides the complexity of underlying technology, and application developers can focus more on application logic and business logic. That is to say, we have entered the era of blockchain 3.0, which is marked by the emergence of token. Token is the value transmission carrier on the blockchain network, which can also be understood as token or token
the greatest effect of token on human society lies in its transformation of proction relations. Joint stock companies will be replaced, and every actual participant will become the owner of proction capital. This new type of proction relations inspires every participant to contribute his proctivity continuously, which is a great liberation of proctivity. If this kind of business activity is mapped into the inflation of real society, as long as the former outperforms the latter, every token holder will gain over time
it's too early to talk about blockchain 3.0. Although blockchain has gone out of the conceptual stage, the current situation of blockchain technology development is that the underlying technology is not mature enough and the application scenarios are limited. On the one hand, consensus algorithm and other core technologies of blockchain still have room for optimization and improvement; On the other hand, the processing efficiency of blockchain is difficult to meet the requirements of some high-frequency application environments in reality. Moreover, the current mainstream blockchain technology platforms are all originated from abroad. Domestic blockchain technology service providers should patiently start from the bottom development, achieve independent and controllable technology, and strive to lead the development of global blockchain technology, which still needs a certain period of time
the final goal of the competition is to really concentrate on the research of technology and the development of practical application enterprises! According to my observation, among the various applications based on Ethereum, SEC social e-commerce chain has a great chance of landing, which is likely to become a killer application. In the official account of SECblock, weekly weekly reports show that the team is working hard. p>
blockchain focuses on keeping accurate records, authentication and execution, while AI helps to make decisions, evaluate and understand certain patterns and data sets, and ultimately proces autonomous interaction. AI and blockchain share several characteristics, which can ensure seamless interaction in the near future. Three main features are listed below
1. AI and blockchain need data sharing
distributed database emphasizes the importance of data sharing among multiple clients on a specific network. Similarly, AI relies on big data, especially data sharing. The more open data available for analysis, the more accurate the prediction and evaluation of the machine, and the more reliable the generated algorithm
2. Security
when dealing with high-value transactions on the blockchain network, there are great requirements for the security of the network. This can be implemented through existing agreements. For artificial intelligence, the autonomy of the machine also needs high security, in order to rece the possibility of catastrophic events
3. Trust is a necessary condition
for any widely accepted technological progress, there is no greater threat than the lack of trust, and artificial intelligence and blockchain cannot be ruled out. In order to make the communication between machines more convenient, we need to have an expected trust level. In order to execute certain transactions on the blockchain network, trust is a necessary condition
the impact of blockchain and artificial intelligence on ordinary people
in short, blockchain is a community-based technology, which can make value exchange more secure. Blockchain is just like its name. Each block contains an encrypted transaction record. The blocks are arranged in chronological order, and the security is guaranteed by a cryptographic system. Blockchain is a technology that can change rules, and its emergence is a revolutionary innovation
there are many functions of blockchain, and the specific application is also very wide. For example: if blockchain is used in the food instry, people will no longer worry about eating harmful food. If blockchain is used for diamond proction, consumers will no longer have to worry about buying fake diamonds. If the blockchain is used in the ecation instry, intellectual property protection can be strengthened. If the blockchain is used in the insurance instry, it can alleviate the information asymmetry of the insurance business and help to improve the security of the insurance business
the impact of blockchain and artificial intelligence on ordinary people is enormous. Just imagine, if blockchain and artificial intelligence are combined, will their role expand? Yes, the combination of the two can really have more impact to change the lives of ordinary people
blockchain and artificial intelligence are two extremely important roles in the field of technology, which bring convenience to our proction and life. If we find an intelligent way to make them work together, the impact of their interaction is unimaginable. This is also the core of OMT. After the combination of these two technologies, the future application scenarios are revolutionary and exciting. In the new ecological construction, data storage, sharing mechanism, platform problems, security problems, etc. can be overcome by using each other's technologies. OMT will create maximum value for global users and enterprises and bring more convenience to ordinary people through blockchain + artificial intelligence technology
the answer is over, hope to adopt, thank you!
The center is Yuzhong District. The core of Chongqing's main urban area, especially Jiefangbei Chaotianmen business district
the main urban area of Chongqing, which is called the metropolitan area in Chongqing's urban and rural master plan, covers an administrative area of 5472.68km2, including Yuzhong District, Dakou District, Jiangbei District, Nan'an District, Shapingba District, Jiulongpo District, Beibei District, Yubei district and Banan District. Metropolitan area is the core carrier of the National Central City and the political, economic, cultural, transportation and financial center of the whole city
Yuzhong District is the mother city of Chongqing and the seat of Chongqing municipal government. Shapingba District is the cultural and ecational District of Chongqing. Beibei District was the relocation area of Chongqing ring the period of the Republic of China. It was once the seat of the Executive Yuan and the presidential palace of the Republic of China. Banan District and Yubei district were originally Ba County and Jiangbei County, which are the mother counties of Chongqing. Their status is similar to Minhang District and Baoshan District in Shanghai or Fengtai District and Tongzhou District in Beijing
extended data:
at the beginning of its establishment in 1929, Chongqing's "city" area was 2.4 square kilometers. After more than 80 years of development, Chongqing's built-up area expanded more than 200 times. By the end of 2009, the built-up area of Chongqing's main city had reached 481 square kilometers
Since 1997, e to the special structure of Chongqing, the main urban area of Chongqing, which is similar to the concept of economic and cultural transportation of the municipality directly under the central government, has been formedthis concept is often associated with "old Chongqing area" (Chongqing City, Sichuan Province, commonly known as nine districts and twelve counties) and "Chongqing Municipality" (38 districts and counties in Chongqing), 95 square kilometers)
Since Chongqing became a municipality directly under the central government for the first time in 1939, the main urban area of Chongqing was the original administrative area of Chongqing in the Republic of China, which remained until the liberation From 1950 to 1980, Chongqing was first reced from a municipality directly under the central government to a city under separate planning, and then to a prefecture level city. Its administrative area expanded to the sum of the nine districts in the main city of Chongqing plus Changshou District, Qijiang district and Shuangqiao District (Note: Shuangqiao District was incorporated into Dazu District in 2011)since the 1980s, the cities separately listed in Chongqing's recovery plan, Jiangjin administrative Commissioner's office of Sichuan Province and eight counties in Yongchuan area (Jiangjin County, Bishan County, Yongchuan County, Hechuan County, Tongnan County, Tongliang County, Rongchang County, Dazu County) have been merged into Chongqing and become a part of Chongqing
The status of these counties in Chongqing is similar to that of Qingpu, Chongming and Jiading in Shanghai; Baodi and Jinghai in Tianjin or Miyun and Yanqing in Beijing are similar to Huangpi in Wuhan, Lin'an and Jiande in Hangzhou, Conghua and Zengcheng in Guangzhousource of reference: Internet - main urban area of Chongqing
the origin between blockchain technology and artificial intelligence can be summarized as follows: blockchain technology can be applied to artificial intelligence to greatly improve the security and stability of artificial intelligence. After the emergence of robot, the proct of artificial intelligence, many people are worried about whether the robot will have its own thinking and thus destroy human beings, just like in a movie. However, the development speed of blockchain technology is very fast, and the scope of application is more and more wide. If the two are really combined, it will be a safer and more effective technology A great invention that will not threaten the safety of human existence
the greatest significance of the combination of artificial intelligence and blockchain technology is that blockchain technology can provide core skills for artificial intelligence - contribute to the "chain" function of blockchain technology, so that every step of "independent" operation and development of artificial intelligence can be recorded and disclosed, so as to promote the soundness, security and stability of artificial intelligence functions
blockchain is at least a relatively simple technology compared with artificial intelligence, quantitative transaction and so on, but it has realized such a storage technology and accounting technology as a highly efficient disintermediated, decentralized and distributed technology. In addition, blockchain is very different from other technologies. That is to say, although blockchain is a technology, it can adjust the interest relationship, help shareholders, consumers, creditors and workers to have a good interest distribution mechanism, and create a new pattern of interest distribution mechanism
up to now, the development of blockchain technology has exceeded the original expectation. Maybe Babbitt didn't expect that bitcoin could develop a technology with this kind of operation. "Blockchain technology has developed so fast," said Mr. Yang Zhiguang, director of silver chain atomic chain
the Xueshuo innovation blockchain Technology Workstation of Lianqiao ecation online is the only approved "blockchain Technology Specialty" pilot workstation of "smart learning workshop 2020 Xueshuo innovation workstation" launched by the school planning, construction and development center of the Ministry of ecation of China. Based on providing diversified growth paths for students, the professional station promotes the reform of the training mode of the combination of professional degree research, proction, learning and research, and constructs the applied and compound talent training system.