Environmental blockchain project

Blockchain includes public blockchain, joint (instry) blockchain and private blockchain. Public chain point-to-point e-cash system: bitcoin, smart contract and decentralized application platform: Ethereum

blockchain is a new application mode of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies

blockchain is an important concept of bitcoin. In essence, it is a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated by using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of bitcoin network transaction information, Used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block

extended data

according to the different degree of blockchain network centralization, three kinds of blockchains under different application scenarios are differentiated:

1. The blockchain with the whole network open and without user authorization mechanism is called public chain

2. The authorized nodes are allowed to join the network, and the information can be viewed according to the authority. It is often used in the inter agency blockchain, which is called alliance chain or instry chain

3. All the nodes in the network are in the hands of one organization, which is called private chain

alliance chain and private chain are also called licensing chain, and public chain is called non licensing chain

blockchain features

1, decentralization. Blockchain technology does not rely on additional third-party management institutions or hardware facilities, and there is no central control. In addition to the self-contained blockchain itself, each node realizes information self verification, transmission and management through distributed accounting and storage. Decentralization is the most prominent and essential feature of blockchain

2. Openness. Blockchain technology is based on open source. In addition to the private information of all parties involved in the transaction is encrypted, the data of blockchain is open to everyone. Anyone can query blockchain data and develop related applications through the open interface, so the information of the whole system is highly transparent

3. Independence. Based on consensus specifications and Protocols (similar to various mathematical algorithms such as hash algorithm used by bitcoin), the whole blockchain system does not rely on other third parties, and all nodes can automatically and safely verify and exchange data in the system without any human intervention

4. Safety. As long as 51% of all data nodes cannot be controlled, the network data cannot be arbitrarily manipulated and modified, which makes the blockchain itself relatively safe and avoids subjective and artificial data changes

5. Anonymity. Unless there are legal requirements, technically speaking, the identity information of each block node does not need to be disclosed or verified, and the information can be transferred anonymously

When it comes to offshore companies, they usually choose to register in the islands. Some domestic giants, such as Ali, tengxu, Shanda network, Xiaomi and Haidilao, set up overseas IPO structures by registering offshore companies in the islands

advantages of offshore companies registered in the islands:

1. Full tax exemption system (only a small amount of annual management fee)

2. Company information confidentiality (high degree of confidentiality)

3. Overseas IPO structure (Tencent, Xiaomi and other domestic giants build overseas IPO structure by registering offshore companies)

4. Freedom of name (Chinese can be added)

5 No foreign exchange control

6, no specific business scope, as long as not engaged in illegal and criminal activities or need to franchise instry

1. White paper modification: the white paper of the project shall be modified where it does not comply with the laws and regulations of Singapore, and a professional legal compliance opinion shall be issued by a lawyer

2. Token non securitization certificate: the lawyer issued a professional legal opinion to clarify in detail that the token issued by the project does not have the nature of securities

From the current mainstream blockchain projects, blockchain projects are mainly divided into four categories: the first category: currency; The second is platform; The third category: application category; The fourth type: asset token

currencies mainly act as the "exchange media" in the field of blockchain assets, and the exchange media refer to general equivalents, such as gold and silver bills in the past< (currency exchange on trading blockchain assets)

platform projects refer to the establishment of technical platforms to meet the needs of various blockchain application development, which can rece the threshold of application development on blockchain

application projects cover a wide range of fields, including finance, social networking, games, property rights protection, etc., and are also the fastest growing fields of blockchain assets

asset token project refers to the blockchain mapping of physical assets, that is, the physical assets on the chain. At present, there are no more than 10 varieties

01 currency

the first category is currency project, which is also the earliest blockchain project. Currency projects mainly include bitcoin and lightcoin. In addition, there is another kind of asset with the characteristics of anonymity. Its main functions include protecting the privacy of both sides of payment while realizing payment. The well-known ones are dash, monero and zcash. Currency is mainly used as the "exchange medium" in the field of blockchain assets. The exchange medium is the general equivalent you use to exchange goods. For example, gold, silver and silver bills can be used as the exchange medium in the past. At present, there are more than 2100 types of digital assets in the world, and the number of currency blockchain projects has increased rapidly recently. As of June 2018, bitcoin is still the largest market value

02 platform type

the second type is platform type blockchain project. The main function of platform type blockchain project is to establish a technical platform to meet the technical requirements of various blockchain application development; In short, platform applications allow developers to directly issue digital assets and write smart contracts on the blockchain. Smart contract is a computer program running on the blockchain database, which can be automatically executed under the conditions of its source code setting

for example, you develop a smart contract based on the house rent protocol on the blockchain. When the owner receives the rent, it will trigger the automatic execution and give the security key of the apartment to the tenant

the main function of platform blockchain projects is to establish the underlying technology platform, so that developers can do application development on the underlying technology platform. A considerable number of platforms are still in the development state. As of June 2018, Ethereum has the largest market value

03 application

the third category is application blockchain projects. Application projects are blockchain projects based on blockchain development platform (such as Ethereum), which can solve many problems in various fields of the real economy

for example, augur, Golem, vechain, omisego, which provides asset exchange and transfer services. Using blockchain technology, these projects can better solve the problems of trust and cross-border circulation. At the same time, using smart contracts and tokens on the blockchain, they can better realize automatic execution and greatly improve the efficiency of social and economic activities. Application blockchain projects cover a wide range of fields, including finance, social networking, games, property rights protection and so on. It is also the field with the fastest market value increment of blockchain projects at present

04 asset token

the fourth category is the asset token blockchain project. Asset token refers to linking the blockchain assets to physical assets such as gold and US dollars, which is the blockchain mapping of physical assets. As of February 2018, there are no more than 10 varieties. The typical representatives are usdt against US dollars, digix Dao against gold, Digix each token represents 1 gram of Gold Certified by the London Bullion Market Association. Asset token has the advantages of convenient transaction and safekeeping. First of all, asset token is more convenient for transaction. Because blockchain assets can be split, it has better liquidity

for example, at present, real estate needs to be transferred as a whole. If the real estate can be token, it can be split and purchased, which is more convenient for transaction. Secondly, the token of physical assets is more concive to custody. Gold is easy to wear out and cause losses in physical transactions, but there is no need for physical transfer after the token of physical assets, which is more concive to the custody of physical assets

With the development of blockchain, there are more and more ICO projects and exchanges in the blockchain instry. How should so many projects develop in compliance

the current blockchain project compliance is divided into two sections:

first, blockchain coin project compliance: Foundation + legal compliance opinion:

in addition to Singapore, the United States and the United Kingdom have more choices. The registration fees of these two countries are low, and the registration process is simple. However, if the currency is issued by the exchange later, the United Kingdom and the United States can not provide the corresponding legal services

from the perspective of compliance in the later stage, we should choose Singapore foundation

the government of Singapore not only supports the government policy, but also stipulates that the blockchain foundation can be registered and managed by acra to obtain legal issuance projects, which will make Singapore a financial technology center and blockchain technology center in the next world with its own competitiveness. Therefore, Singapore can be said to be a paradise for blockchain entrepreneurs

advantages of registering Singapore Foundation:

first, non-profit public companies are easier to let investors trust than ordinary companies.

Second, the government supports the development of blockchain, and the policy environment is good.

third, the market is mature, and the follow-up legal services are perfect.

Fourth, excellent and well-known projects are also in Singapore: for example, Laite coin, which is better than the original chain, Fifth, the price is reasonable and cost-effective. Sixth, local lawyers in Singapore can issue relevant legal opinions according to the needs of the project parties to prove the compliance and legality of the project Ordinary companies are not allowed to issue legal opinions)

how to register the Singapore foundation and what information should be provided

1. Provide company name

2. Information of two registered members, one Singapore director, registered address in Singapore, Singapore Secretary (nominal)

3. Business scope

4. Registered capital: default 1 Singapore dollar

after the registration of the main foundation, it is not the end, but just the beginning. After the registration certificate and other documents come out, the professional lawyers of the bar association of Singapore also need to modify and issue legal opinions according to the project plan, which is commonly known as the white paper. To prove that the project is in accordance with the laws of Singapore and can carry on business normally

as we all know, it is forbidden to issue xunihuobi in our country. The legal opinion is in line with the laws of Singapore, and it depends on the legal proceres. The legal opinion can only be issued by a lawyer who meets the requirements. In addition, the white paper is in compliance. The legality of the white paper written by him cannot be guaranteed, and if he is not a lawyer, he does not understand the laws of Singapore, This is very important; Another aspect is for investors, to have legal documents to prove that the project is legal in Singapore, investors will be more assured, then they need some supporting documents

to register a foundation is only the first step, and the most important thing that needs to be done next is cooperation&# 8204; Yes,

now the bigger exchanges need you to issue legal compliance to let you go to the exchange. Therefore, the legal opinions needed to go to the exchange are actually a general term. The legal compliance actually includes several items, such as token non securitization certificate, white paper compliance, private placement terms, public offering terms, etc. Most of these exchanges will require token non securitization certification, and the white paper is equivalent to a normal business plan. After it is written, it needs professional Singapore lawyers to modify it, which is in line with Singapore's laws and regulations. Most companies on the exchange will choose to give legal opinions

the white paper has four main functions

first, it reports to MAS in Singapore, and is not afraid of being investigated in the future

thirdly, it is necessary to use in the stock exchange

there is also a token filing (non securitization certificate filing), and Singapore lawyers only need to provide a white paper, articles of association, registration paper and registration certificate to prevent MAS verification of monetary authority of Singapore

as one of the important compliance documents of the platform. It is equivalent to a business license. In particular, after Huoyuan won the Japanese license, the US license and applied for the Canadian license, the license was pushed to a new height. Obtaining the US MSB license also means that the company can reasonably conct business in most states of the United States. This is the reason why the major platforms have started to apply for licenses. If they want to carry out business formally and legally, they have to apply for licenses

for example: MSB digital currency exchange license in the United States, MTR digital currency + Wallet al license in Estonia, austrac digital currency license in Australia, etc

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3. It can increase the trust of customers, enhance their visibility, and also make the platform develop better and faster in compliance

advantages of MSB license

1. Investor recognition - the company law and financial instry supervision in the United States are very perfect. With the U.S. license, your digital currency trading platform will be more recognized by global investors

2. Get authoritative approval - with the authoritative approval of the U.S. Treasury Department, you can carry out relevant business in the United States and around the world, which represents the compliance supervision of the digital currency platform

3. Becoming a first-line platform -- MSB license is also a standard license for global digital currency trading institutions. Coinbase, bitfinex, poloiex, hotcoin.com, OK, coin security exchange and other platforms all hold this license to operate

4. Diversified services - MSB license allows currency exchange and delivery services, so that you can better meet customer needs and provide more diversified services

why the license plate is so important for the trading platform? First of all, people in the traditional foreign exchange circle know that the foreign exchange platform has the importance of supervising the license plate. Even this traditional mode will create the future trading platform. Therefore, license plate is bound to become a trend of development

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