The first doctoral candidate of blockchain in 2015

1.

blockchain is a kind of technology, which solves the core "trust" problem in the market economy and reces the trust cost between strangers to a very low level

there is one crucial thing in the market economy, which is "trust". Without trust, no deal can be established. When you go to LAICHANG to buy vegetables, if you don't believe that the pesticide content in vegetable is up to the standard, you won't trade with that dealer; If you buy a bottle of water in a small shop, the clerk will not sell you the water if he doesn't believe that the money you give is real

the traditional small-scale peasant economy is acquaintance economy, and the transaction scale is limited to people who are familiar with each other nearby. If an acquaintance deceives you, he will lose your social relationship and damage his reputation in the whole circle of acquaintances. We believe that acquaintances are less likely to cheat us than strangers

therefore, once we are beyond the scope of acquaintances, we need to use a high cost to identify whether a stranger will cheat me and how to avoid the risk of being cheated. This situation will hinder the transaction and restrict the transaction

in addition, different races, nationalities, cultures, religious beliefs and so on will naturally have this kind of trust problem

in the market economy, why can there be so many transactions between strangers? Because of the birth of a new mechanism to solve the problem of trust in strangers

so far, the most important mechanism to solve the trust problem is the "trust intermediary" organization and mode

as long as you and strangers trust a third-party organization, the trust problem between you can be solved through this third-party organization

this third-party organization, we call it trust intermediary. Both the government and the bank are trust intermediaries

you can sell the goods you have worked hard to proce to a stranger in exchange for a stack of RMB banknotes. It's because the credit of the note issuing bank and the guarantee of the authority of the government guarantee the currency value and effectiveness of the banknotes. Otherwise, sell things, in exchange for a few ordinary paper, who would like to

in the era of global village and Internet, the people who buy your things may be strangers who will not meet and thousands of miles away. Trust is lower, so Alipay assumes the role of trust intermediation. Buyers first pay the goods to Alipay's account. When they receive the goods, they confirm that they are OK, then they agree to sell the goods to the seller. Taobao and other e-commerce have been booming rapidly in just over ten years

trust intermediary is in a central position in the transaction system. All transactions should solve the trust problem through it

However, the cost of trust intermediary itself is often huge

as a trust intermediary, how much transaction tax does the government charge each year? What is the most profitable instry? Financial services. The annual profits of Alipay's ant suit are over ten billion. p> What does this mean? Both sides of the market actually pay a huge trust cost

if there is any way to cancel or greatly rece the trust cost, the transaction cost of the general public can be reced, and the profits can be greatly increased

so in the Internet era, blockchain technology is on the stage

it allows the trading party to get rid of the intermediary, solve the problem of trust among strangers, and greatly rece the cost of trust

the blockchain can be expanded on a large scale, the data is open and transparent, the data of each client is consistent, and even if some clients are destroyed, the data security will not be affected. These highly reliable technical features can solve the trust problem of strangers with low cost

this technology can be extended to all fields that can be digitized, such as digital currency, payment and clearing, digital bills, proof of rights and interests, credit reference, government services, medical records, etc

in the medium and long term, blockchain will be a revolutionary technology, which will bring about great social changes like the existing Internet, and has great investment value and money making opportunities

in the future, the companies that can combine blockchain with different scenarios to promote applications may be the next group of bat, the next Google, Microsoft and apple

as the first practical application of blockchain technology, bitcoin has been widely accepted and used all over the world. Millions of users and tens of thousands of merchants have accepted the payment of bitcoin as a digital currency, and the exchange value of bitcoin as a currency is growing. Even e to the consensus that the total amount is fixed and the long-term value is bullish, bitcoin has become a hedge asset similar to gold, and the price has skyrocketed

2. Nice DDE is the first and only doctoral program in blockchain and digital economy management in China
nice EDE, whose full name is nice University, is a master of advanced management in blockchain and digital economy. In cooperation with China Mobile Communications Federation, nice EDE obtained the master of advanced management in blockchain and digital economy from nice University and the certificate of shortage talents from China Mobile Communications Federation after graation. Instry authority certificate
it can help enterprises cope with the pressure brought by challenges and innovation, and seize the business opportunities brought by cutting-edge technology and the latest information, which is of great value to learners and their enterprises
the nice DDE course is divided into three moles. Mole one is the basic mole of methodology, such as qualitative research method, quantitative research method and research methodology, which is the core framework course of thesis writing; Mole 2 is the core course mole of management, including information system management, cross-cultural management, supply chain management, behavior and human resources, system theory and other related courses; Mole 3 is the instry innovation course, including: Quantum Science and operations research, China blockchain mode, big data, China chain Internet of things, digital technology and ethics, data assets and management, etc
nice University DDE (Doctor of blockchain and digital economy management) and EDE (Senior Master of blockchain and digital economy management) agents in China: Xiejin ecation Xipu international ecation, D, 19th floor, Shentong Information Plaza, 55 Huaihai West Road, Shanghai. The teaching places are Shanghai, Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Beijing.

3. Traditional transactions on the Internet need to rely on trusted third-party institutions to process electronic payment information, and both parties trust the third-party institutions However, the third-party intervention also has many disadvantages:< Br > - high transaction cost (a certain handling charge)< Br > - Privacy exposure (the third party needs to provide the information of both parties in order to verify the information)< Br > -... < br > imagine that if the third-party organization is removed and the two parties trade directly, how can the transaction take effect? The emergence of blockchain technology is to solve this problem. Blockchain is based on the principle of cryptography rather than trust mechanism, which makes the two parties reach an agreement to trade directly and publish it to all witnesses.

4. Blockchain is the underlying technology of digital currency represented by bitcoin, which has the advantages of decentralization, openness, transparency, high degree of security and strong traceability, so as to effectively avoid data fraud and rece maintenance costs
in terms of application fields, the financial instry is the most suitable and most likely to cause change first. Finance and the development of science and technology have been inseparable. Financial innovation with the help of modern information technology has become the main mode of competition in the financial instry. Blockchain is undoubtedly the next key technology, which brings huge imagination
however, at present, the blockchain is still in the experimental stage, but the capital has quickly followed up the layout. According to the analysis report on market outlook and investment strategic planning of China's Internet finance instry released by the foresight Instry Research Institute, the amount of venture capital in the blockchain field increased by more than 200 times from US $2 million to US $469 million from 2012 to 2015, and about 205 venture capital institutions participated in the investment.

5.

With all walks of life have begun to enter the blockchain instry, blockchain has undoubtedly become the world's largest wind in 2018. Since 2014, more than a dozen top universities in Europe and America, including MIT, Stanford University and Princeton University, have successively opened blockchain courses

now, it is no longer limited to the teaching of blockchain technology, and some people are ready to challenge the traditional ecation mode with blockchain technology. According to the times of higher ecation, a group of scholars from Oxford University announced that they would establish the world's first blockchain University, Woolf University

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Course Platform demo according to the official website of Woolf University

actively promote the block chain credit certification

"hope the degree certificate will be widely recognized in the future"

however, there are no doubt many problems to be solved when applying an emerging technology to a new concept. Professor Michael sharens, a professor at the Open University of the UK, said that although the founding of Woolf university is a subversive force in the field of ecation, how to ensure high standards of teaching is a big problem. Although blockchain can ensure the teaching interaction between teachers and students, it can not guarantee the quality of teaching

in this regard, Dr. blocky told the media that the key to the quality of ecation is not whether there is a physical campus, but the ability of teachers. Of course, the school will also have relevant teaching quality supervision measures. First of all, only scholars with real doctoral degrees can join the platform as teachers, and they must upload certificates for verification

secondly, the top five colleges of the university will be composed of scholars with doctoral degrees from world-class universities. After the establishment of five high-quality colleges, Woolf will be open to other scholars one after another

in addition, a ranking system was established among colleges according to the number of teaching and the average score of students. Finally, the university will set up a review system for academic fraud and cheating, which will be regularly reviewed by the dean of the college

then, in addition to ensuring the quality of teaching, how can the academic records of blockchain obtain formal academic recognition

Dr. brocky said that blockchain can help the credit certification process, because the information records it provides are highly accurate and completely reliable. The European Commission has recently published a report on blockchain in ecation, but it will take some time to complete this process

before obtaining official permission, blockchain records will be temporarily used as a part of the application process. For the degree certification of early-stage students, the university will cooperate with existing universities and still use the traditional way to certify credits. In addition, at the initial stage of its establishment, the university will invite ecational institutions such as Oxford college to join the platform and make full use of their existing degree certification mechanism. At the same time, the University of Virginia Woolf has begun to actively seek ecation certification in the European Union and the United States, hoping that in the next 10 years, the degree certificate of Virginia Woolf University will be widely recognized

Dr. blocky said that Woolf university is the future ecation model, which combines online and offline ecation, and connects the world's outstanding students and teachers by building a global talent network“ I hope this model can improve the overall quality of ecation and provide a new way for students to acquire knowledge and achieve success, no matter where they are

6. The distribution method and handling charge of different mines are also different. If you have enough money, bold enough or stupid enough, I think it's better to buy a few hundred tons of calculation and dig it by yourself.