Blockchain valuation model
1. Data layer
the data layer is the lowest layer in the six hierarchies of the blockchain. We can understand the data layer as a database, but for the blockchain, this database is a tamperable and distributed database, which is what we call "distributed ledger"
in the data layer, that is, the "distributed ledger", the data information on the blockchain is stored, and the blockchain structure, asymmetric encryption technology, hash algorithm and other technical means of the block are encapsulated to ensure the security of the data in the case of the whole network being open. The specific method is:
in the blockchain network, nodes use consensus algorithm to maintain the consistency of data layer (that is, the distributed database), and use asymmetric encryption and hash algorithm in cryptography to ensure the non usurpation and traceability of the distributed database
This constitutes the bottom data structure of blockchain technology. However, it is not enough to have a distributed database. We also need to let the data information in the database be shared and exchanged. Next, we will introce the upper layer of the data layer - the network layer
Second, network layer
the network system of blockchain is essentially a P2P (point-to-point) network. Point to point means that there is no need for an intermediate link or centralized server to control the system. All resources and services in the network are distributed in the hands of each node, and the transmission of information is also a direct communication between the two nodes. However, it should be noted that P2P
(peer-to-peer) was not invented by Nakamoto, and the blockchain only integrates this technology
therefore, the network layer of blockchain is actually a particularly powerful point-to-point network system. In this system, each node can not only proce information, but also receive information, just like sending e-mail. You can write your own e-mail, and you can also receive the e-mail sent to you by others
in the blockchain network, nodes need to jointly maintain the blockchain system. Every time a node creates a new block, it needs to notify other nodes in the form of broadcast. After receiving the information, other nodes verify the block, and then create a new block on the basis of the block. In this way, the whole network can jointly maintain and update the general ledger of the blockchain system
however, what rules should the whole network follow to maintain and update the general ledger of the blockchain system? This involves the so-called "laws and regulations" (rules), which we will introce next: the consensus layer
Third, consensus layer
in the world of blockchain, consensus simply means that the whole network should maintain and update the general ledger of blockchain system according to a unified and agreed rule, which is similar to the rule of updating data. It is one of the core technologies of blockchain and the governance mechanism of blockchain community to let highly dispersed nodes reach consensus efficiently in the decentralized blockchain network
at present, the mainstream consensus mechanism algorithms include: proof of work of bitcoin (POW), proof of rights and interests of Ethereum (POS), proof of rights and interests of EOS (dpos), etc
we now introce the data layer, network layer and consensus layer. These three layers ensure that there are data, networks and rules for updating data on the network. However, there is no free lunch in the world. How can nodes actively participate in the maintenance of the blockchain system? Here is the incentive layer, which we will introce next: incentive layer< 4. Incentive layer
incentive layer is the so-called mining mechanism, which can be understood as incentive mechanism: you can get as much reward as you contribute to the blockchain system. With this incentive mechanism, the whole network nodes can be encouraged to participate in the data recording and maintenance on the blockchain
mining mechanism and consensus mechanism are actually the same truth. Consensus mechanism can be understood as the company's general rules and regulations, while mining mechanism can be understood as the reward rules for what you do well in the general rules and regulations
just like the consensus mechanism POW of bitcoin, it stipulates that more work pays more. Whoever can find the correct hash value first can get a certain amount of bitcoin reward
and Ethereum's POS stipulates that the older the holder is, the more likely he or she will be rewarded
it should be noted that the incentive layer is generally only available for the public chain, because the public chain must rely on the nodes of the whole network to jointly maintain data, so there must be a set of incentive mechanism to encourage the nodes of the whole network to participate in the construction and maintenance of the blockchain system, so as to ensure the security and reliability of the blockchain system
the blockchain is safe and reliable, and it is not intelligent enough, right? The contract layer we will introce next can make the blockchain system more intelligent
v. contract layer
Contract layer mainly includes various scripts, codes, algorithm mechanisms and smart contracts, which is the basis of block chain programming. What we call "smart contract" is at the contract level
if the bitcoin system is not intelligent enough, the "smart contract" proposed by Ethereum can meet many application scenarios. The principle of the contract layer is to embed the code into the blockchain system, in this way to realize the smart contract that can be customized. In this way, on the blockchain system, once the terms of the smart contract are triggered, the system can automatically execute commands< Finally, the application layer. The application layer is very simple. As the name suggests, it is a variety of application scenarios and cases of blockchain. What we now call "blockchain +" is the so-called application layer. At present, the blockchain applications that have been implemented are mainly various blockchain applications built on
eth, EOS and other public chains. There are more applications of gambling and games, and the real practical applications have not yet appeared.
Share from DTV: how does the blockchain of DTV make profits in the end:
1. Build a blockchain ecosystem
Why do start-ups join in blockchain public chain projects one after another? Because it's a great opportunity. Any enterprise has the opportunity to create an ecosystem that subverts the existing pattern with its own ideas and operations. In this system, the currency designated by the ecosystem owner will circulate
because start-ups hold a certain amount of money and reserve some money for enterprises to dig, and the total amount of money is fixed, the faster the flow speed of the ecosystem is, the greater the demand for money is. More transactions chase less money, and the currency is bound to appreciate, but this idea is based on the fact that the currency is irreplaceable
now many research groups are developing cross chain technology to connect blockchains in different fields, so as to achieve the free circulation of money flow and data flow, and finally go to the exchange
in this case, the impact of a chain of money shortage on the ecosystem may not be as simple as the classical monetary theory, and the money price is likely not to follow the simple relationship between supply and demand. Designers need to think about this from a macroeconomic perspective
this is also the most attractive part of blockchain project: everyone is likely to establish new rules in this new field and become the manager of Qu centralized system. By then, the owners of the blockchain will have the ability to control the economy of the whole field - selling or inhaling digital currency will have a huge impact on the instry
2. Providing services for enterprises
providing services for enterprises is the main profit model of blockchain projects at the present stage, and cloud storage security skeptics are likely to turn to traceable and tamper proof blockchain service providers to seek maximum data security
for example, a blockchain start-up operating a data sharing platform, its main business includes providing data storage and data transaction services for customers, thus charging service fees and handling charges
there are many domestic start-up companies operating such businesses, such as cloud nest, border intelligence, magic chain technology, etc. Each company has excellent technology, but to make a profit, it may have to work hard on the operation
today, Tencent cloud's tbaas has joined this field and can provide services covering finance, supply chain, Internet of things, medical and other fields. It is believed that the competition and expansion of customers will become more difficult in the future
3. Smart contract participates in profit making
smart contract is like a contract that can be executed automatically. The validity of the contract is judged and enforced by machines instead of people. Its essence is still a piece of code, but the traceability and non tampering characteristics of blockchain can ensure that this piece of code runs automatically under the non trust mechanism. Blockchain is the precondition of smart contract operation
in practice, there are many opportunities for profit making through smart contracts, and smart contracts can solve these problems in a non black box way
in the running process of the program, the smart contract performs audit, classification information and other operations, which eliminates the interference of middlemen, and the record will not be artificially damaged, and the font on the file will not be blurred for a long time
but to some extent, the operators of smart contracts themselves become middlemen, and they automatically collect and pay audit fees through smart contracts. This kind of special intermediary service saves a lot of costs for customers, and its essence is realized by improving efficiency
4. Operation of special service driven system
many enterprises have their own exclusive fields in building blockchain community. Take the neurogenomics project led by geneticist church as an example. After enjoying the gene sequencing service provided by neurola, consumers can not pay in the form of legal money, but have to exchange legal money into the token issued by neurola
as more people exchange legal money for this token, nebula will successfully build a blockchain platform with gene data as the core, and after that, it will better carry out precision medical services
generally speaking, this mode relies on the actual technology, makes profits from offline services at the beginning of the project, and converts the legal money in the income into token in the process of making profits. With the progress of the project, the platform can carry out more precision medical services with the help of the data obtained from the start mode, and its profit methods have become diversified, but the whole process will not be separated from the entity
in the whole process of enterprise operation, token is mainly used as incentive, and token appreciation is not a problem that geneticists should consider
The original purpose of project 1CO is to crowdfunding in the market through pre-sale service. In 2013, the early 1CO company appeared in the financial field, and then quickly detonated the entire digital money market, resulting in the rise of speculationhowever, this storm came and went quickly. From 2013 to 2014 alone, many projects died in the speculation or were directly judged as fraud
according to Engadget data, 45.6% of the 902 crowdfunding based digital currencies have failed in 2017
Even so, there are still many survivors. These enterprises (including those that build the ecosystem) attach great importance to the role of token, and the appreciation of token will be calculated as part of the profits In essence, it is similar to an enterprise operating both financial assets (token) and operating assets (service) to manage operating assets to make financial assets profitable. However, if the proportion of "financial assets" is too large, the risk will come uninvited The foundation of sharing economy is to monitor the available resources and corresponding demands in real time and make adjustments to maximize the utilization of resources. For unicorns like airbnb, they have a mature management mode and stable cash flow. They try blockchain because blockchain technology can bring more transparent, more efficient and fairer systemsthis kind of enterprises use blockchain in the way of private chain or alliance chain. They don't need token to participate in circulation, and the nodes don't exist anonymously. They are interested in blockchain technology itself
with the blessing of blockchain technology, the manual input of ID information issued by the government will be transformed into the safe storage and verification of ID issued by the government. Customers and landlords can completely rely on the evaluation content. At the same time, the comments can be traced back to avoid the possibility of negative comments being deleted and the participation of the Navy
the profit model of airbnb and Tencent
project valuation in round a and beyond: build your valuation model according to your income, proct, market, instry competitiveness and other factors, and give your project a relatively scientific valuation through the model, which needs professionals to do
the nine dimensional business plan is dedicated to "making a good business plan for 100000 visionary enterprises."
to practice guitar: most of them are basswood panels, some even basswood back panels, which are less than 300 yuan, also known as firesticks (because they are made of the same material as firewood, and the intonation is poor)
entry guitar: most of them are spruce panels, rosewood finger boards, and the back panels are not necessarily. The price is about 1000 yuan, and most of them are 500 yuan or 600 yuan, About 1000 yuan, there are also some elementary Miandan Qin
medium Guitar: most of them are spruce panel, rosewood fingerboard, back side panel, mahogany and fire rosewood. Generally, they are middle end single piano of various series, and some of them are full single (very few), with the price around 3000
high end: all single guitars and spruce veneers are the most popular. The price is four or five thousand or more. There is no upper limit. There are tens of thousands of them, but most people don't need them
tips on guitar selection: http://www.jitatang.com/guitar It is recommended to refer to
no matter where you buy it, you should know some experience to avoid being trapped. Generally, you will be trapped when you go to a piano shop for the first time. The most important two points (you can't hear the timbre and so on):
1. Look at the appearance and choose the log color or black directly Sunset color (the classic three color system), never white, Pink Guitar, that is the above said practice piano grade
2. Check the handle. When the guitar is tuned to the standard pitch, the distance between the string and the fingerboard should be about 3mm (that is, the thickness of a coin) at the 12th point. If you press the string too high, you will feel tired, otherwise it will cause the phenomenon of playing. A good hand feeling is that you can easily press any tone with your left finger without any proct or noise, and you don't feel any effort when you press it horizontally
3. Performance (in fact, you can't see it. You can get what you pay for. It's right to choose the most expensive one in your budget.)
2. An account set has only one functional currency. If you want to record multiple currencies in the transaction processing layer, use MRC; If it is not needed, it can be realized with conversion function or account set consolidation function
3. Of course, foreign exchange adjustment is for the reporting currency, so the report of each reporting currency should be the result of revaluation.
When it comes to blockchain, there are good and bad things in many people's minds, but no matter what? It has nothing to do with the dragon ball, right? Because the dragon ball is the dragon ball. It is a real business landing and business empowerment dragon ball. The following pictures show what the deflation model is, which is also the original deflation model created by dragon ball Dall
