Zhang Shousheng's blockchain Technology
Shenzhen's IT leaders summit has come to its 10th year. As the annual program of China's Internet giants gathering in Shenzhen, Shenzhen and its star enterprise Tencent are trying their best to entertain those bigwigs who come from afar
Zhang Shousheng, Professor of Stanford University, USA:
the generation of blockchain can create a data market. In my mind, the ideal future world is that everyone has their own data, which is a completely decentralized storage. In this way, it is impossible for hackers to hack everyone's personal data and then use some encryption algorithms, In the blockchain, it can really protect personal privacy and make very good calculation
artificial intelligence needs data, but data is often monopolized by centralized platforms, which hinders innovation. Encryption economics creates a data market with correct incentive mechanism for data providers, and artificial intelligence can take off on this data market. In a fair data market, the value of data is measured by cross entropy. In our society, some minorities will be discriminated against. However, in the encrypted data market, the data they provide will receive the most attention. Encryption economics can offset all kinds of prejudices in current social economics
Ni Zhengdong, founder and chairman of Qingke group:blockchain is a direction of technology. Technically speaking, how much value blockchain can have is still a question mark, which may have great value, but today, the application has not been implemented. We don't deny the value brought by blockchain. In terms of technology, I think it is very valuable and promising, but no one can know how big the prospect is
in the financial field, blockchain is absolutely subject to supervision and is not a free world. Political orientation should be correct. In the field of blockchain, we should adhere to the leadership of the party and accept supervision. Digital currency can not be anarchism, it needs the correct guidance and supervision of the government
now we all focus on the real economy, whether it's entrepreneurship or investment. I think the blockchain itself should create value. If a company issues a coin and doesn't know what to do, it will suddenly be worth tens of billions of dollars, which is completely divorced from value creation
as for the title of classical investors, it's just a joke, or to grab an eye and create some concepts. I believe that 99% of the projects or 95% of the projects will be done by classical VC in 2018
Yan Yan, founding partner of Saifu Asia Investment Fund:blockchain is very popular, but in fact, institutional investors participate very little. At present, many of them are indivial behaviors. More than 95% of ICO in China is money making, and the really large first-line institutional investors actually participate very little. To be honest, these people can become first-line institutional investors. They are not fooled. They know more than you, see more than you, and read more books than you. How can they be so stupid? They make money from people with lower IQ than you
Wu Ying, chairman of the digital China Federation:
pays close attention to the blockchain and has made a certain investment layout here. Among the three or four companies invested, there are 13 patents. Among the listed companies previously invested, 2 are doing blockchain business. However, it will take some time for blockchain to break out. On the whole, it will take about three years for blockchain to have a direct impact on the economy, but it may be faster than the United States in some aspects. Focus on the application of right protection of works of art, and set up an angel fund to invest in blockchain in the future
talk about big data: the obstacle of data exchange lies in the system rather than technology
Wang Jian, chairman of Technical Committee of Alibaba Group:
data is the material basis of digital economy. Data can neither be shared nor opened, but the value of data can be shared. Uber and didi are great changes in human behavior. What have they changed? In fact, Uber and didi are not sharing cars. In the past, they came out from home in the morning to tell their parents where to go. But with Uber and Didi, you can actually share with a company about where to go today. This is the real change
Guo Wei, chairman of the board of directors and chairman of Digital China Holdings Co., Ltd.
from the perspective of the government, he highly recognizes the value of data, but it is very difficult to implement it. Data itself has a natural segmentation, different people have different cognition of data. Another very important point is the division of interests. Due to the huge benefits brought by mastering the data, some people are not willing to release them. If released, it means the loss of privileges, which is the most difficult part in the process of data access today
from the perspective of today's technology, there is no problem to achieve data access with our technical ability, whether it is traditional technology or the latest developed technology. But the most important obstacle is the system
Yan Yan, founding managing partner of Saifu Asia Investment Fund:
the opening of data is a double-edged sword, and social data should not be open to everyone, because data is useless to more than 95% of people, and there are less than 1% of people, so it is harmful to the society to give them data
The news that bitcoin ranks among the top 30 power consumers in the world is indeed a bit surprising, but if you think about it carefully, it seems reasonable to have such real power. after all, to get bitcoin, you need to consume computing power, which is linked to electricity. In addition, after the appreciation of bitcoin, mining people become more and more powerful, which will naturally make bitcoin a power consumer
generally speaking, bitcoin has become a big power consumer mainly because it needs power consumption to obtain
Zhang Shousheng, a Chinese American scientist, tenured professor in the Department of physics, Department of electronic engineering and Department of Applied Physics at Stanford University, academician of the American Academy of Sciences, foreign academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and winner of the 2017 international science and Technology Cooperation Award of the people's Republic of China, was revealed to have died on December 1 at the age of 55. According to Stanford alumni, "did you jump from the 9th or 19th floor. The day before yesterday, I was still in a meeting with the fund group of Danhua's law firm. "
in his speech before his death, Zhang Shousheng repeatedly mentioned the perfection of the quantum world
Zhang Shousheng's sudden death and limited information make all kinds of rumors and "conspiracy theory" rampant. Rumor 1: Zhang Shousheng's death is related to the struggle of chip instry; Rumor 2: Zhang Shousheng committed suicide under the pressure of 301 investigation; Rumor 3: Zhang Shousheng committed suicide by jumping off a building at Stanford University subsequently, Zhang Shousheng's family and Danhua capital have refuted the rumors one by one, and the specific cause of death has not been disclosed
In 1978, without having studied in high school, 15-year-old Zhang Shousheng was directly admitted to the Physics Department of Fudan University
in 1979 (sophomore year), he was sent to Berlin Free University for further study as an exchange student
in 1983, he received a master's degree from the Free University of Berlin in Germany. In the same year, he went to the State University of New York, Shixi branch in the United States to study for a doctor's degree under the guidance of Professor Yang Zhenning, a famous physicist< In 1987, he received a doctor's degree in physics. In 1987, he entered the University of California, Santa Barbara, and engaged in postdoctoral research
at the end of 1989, he finished his postdoctoral research and went to IBM of SanJose with his wife Yu Xiaofan to continue his scientific research
in 1993, he was named associate professor of physics at Stanford University< In 1995, at the age of 32, Zhang Shousheng was employed as a professor in the Department of physics at Stanford University, becoming one of the youngest tenured professors at Stanford University
in 2013, he was selected as a foreign academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
in 2015, he was selected as a member of the US National Academy of Sciences. In 1999, Zhang Shousheng, together with Silicon Valley entrepreneurs, founded Huayuan Technology Association and held his first meeting in his backyard. Now Huayuan has become the largest Chinese science and technology entrepreneurship community in Silicon Valley. Its members are mostly technology leaders, investors and entrepreneurs between China and the United States. Members are also frequently found in the list of Forbes' 40 CEOs under the age of 40. In addition, he worked as an entrepreneurship tutor at Stanford University, helped many students start companies, and as an angel investor, successfully invested in VMware (NYSE: vmw). Five years later, VMware was acquired by EMC and then listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Today, its market value has reached $44 billion. This investment has brought hundreds of times return to Zhang Shousheng
in 2013, Professor Zhang Shousheng and his Stanford student, Dr. Gu Anjia, jointly founded Danhua capital, aiming at taking Stanford University as the core, focusing on investing in the most disruptive innovative technologies and business models in the United States, and connecting American innovation with the Chinese market“ "Dan" not only stands for Stanford (translated as Stanford), but also has the meaning of "pure son and heart", and "Hua" comes from China< At present, Danhua capital has reached US $90 million and has invested in 12 companies
he is now the founding chairman of Danhua capital
Tiger sniff note: the Moore's law proposed by Gordon Moore, one of the founders of Intel, reveals the speed of information technology progress. In the past 50 or 60 years, this theory has been effective. However, people graally find that if we use conventional technology to continue to promote Moore's theorem, we will encounter a very serious bottleneck in the future. At last year's "innovation and entrepreneurship" conference, some experts proposed that the crisis of Moore's theorem has become the biggest crisis at present
But I think the most fundamental point is whether Moore's law can continue to move forward. In the past 50 or 60 years, the computing power has doubled every 18 months, which is a very amazing development trend. In the past 50 or 60 years, since the development of integrated circuits, we have been following the direction of Moore's law. But now there is a crisis. The main reason is that we usually talk about the information highway, but there is no information highway at the top of the chip. In the computer room of cloud computing, a lot of electricity is needed, which becomes a kind of heat energy in the top-level calculation, so that the heat energy can not be continuously emitted, and the semiconctor integration degree can not be further integrated. However, the most basic principle is that the electron is at the chip level, and its application is disorderly. There is interaction between the electron and the electron, and there is interaction between the electron and the surrounding impurities, In the process of collision, the original electricity becomes useless heat energy. If this continues, the heat energy emitted will be doubled
we put forward a new idea, that is, at the chip level, electronics can run like a highway, so that they can go their own way without interference. This is a great crisis for us, but it is also an opportunity. The "danger" discovered by Moore's law is also a great opportunity. Every city is wondering whether it can become the next Silicon Valley, but how to seize a new special opportunity to become the next Silicon Valley. The "danger" encountered by Moore's law is the opportunity we bring today
my scientific research has found a very magical quantum phenomenon, which enables the electrons to have their own orbits and achieve their own paths at the chip level. The method of non-interference highway operation enables the electrons to move almost without energy consumption at the chip level. In this way, Tencent's cloud computing in the future may not need to spend so much electricity, nor need so many intelligent devices. If we want to move forward in this field, it will also bring great challenges to materials science. Recently, we have predicted and introced a new material in theory, which is a bit like graphene, that is, atoms will replace each other. At the level of single atom operation, electrons will not interfere with each other like on the highway and go their own way
The official announcement was that Zhang Shousheng, a genius, died of depression. According to information disclosed by other media, the real reason why Professor Zhang Shousheng chose to commit suicide was that his academic career was blocked and he didn't win the Nobel Prize
1, no Nobel Prize
in November 2018, one month before Professor Zhang Shousheng died, the breakthrough prize in basic physics was announced. Zhang Shousheng's two partners in the field of topological insulator research, Charles L. Kane and Eugene Mele, both won the prize, but Professor Zhang Shousheng was not on the list of winners
before that, the three people won several major physics awards, including the Benjamin Franklin medal for physics in 2015. In addition, the names of Charles L. Kane, Laurens w molekamp and Shouchen Zhang were also mentioned in the 2014 Reuters Nobel Prize prediction
According to the sources, "this incident has brought a great blow to Professor Zhang himself", which means that he will miss the Nobel prize he has been longing for
2. Academic reputation may be affected by the "angel particle" event
some people in the instry confirmed to titanium media that the angel particle event has become the watershed of Professor Zhang's academic career
In fact, in the process of the discovery of "angel particles", Professor Zhang's team's contribution can't even reach top 5. If they don't take the initiative, they will not enter the signature sequence of corresponding authors. However, in external publicity, Professor Zhang Shousheng has become the leading force of this team. According to zuolin Youli, Professor Zhang insists on emphasizing team contribution in the signature of the paper and subsequent publicity, because the discovery of angel particles is likely to win the Nobel Prize Professor Zhang's research on topological insulators has reached the world-class level, and this theory is also the basis for discovering Angel particles. However, it is only a matter of time before the Nobel Prize in physics is awarded to "angel particles". Professor Zhang, who can be the sixth author, is unlikely to win the Nobel prize at the same time. Because in the history of Nobel Prize, the same prize is awarded to three people at most. Therefore, Professor Zhang became a correspondent at the last moment, took the lead in announcing to the media that he was a discoverer, and put pressure on the cooperative laboratory, which caused controversy, or even affected his reputation in the academic circle
according to people familiar with the matter, after learning that Professor Zhang had not won the breakthrough prize in basic physics, his school colleagues all knew that he was in a low mood and went to comfort him. In the end, they failed to stop him from committing suicide in San Francisco. Afterwards, a person familiar with the matter said that the suicide was probably related to the award in November - Zhang may think that this is a reflection of the negative opinions of the academic circles on him. This trend is often difficult to reverse
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comprehensive evaluation of Zhang Shousheng from the outside world:
1. A rare theoretical physicist
< P > Zhang Shousheng was born in Shanghai, and later taught at Stanford University for more than 20 years. He served as a tenured professor in the Department of physics, Department of electronic engineering and Department of Applied Physics of Stanford University. His main research fields include high temperature superconctivity, quantum Hall effect, spintronics, strongly correlated electronic systems, etc
Zhang Shousheng got his Ph.D. in 1987, and his academic career went smoothly. After two postdoctoral studies in the Institute of theoretical physics at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and IBM Research Center, Zhang Shousheng, then 30, became an assistant professor at Stanford University in 1993. In 2004, just over 40, he officially became a life-long professor at Stanford University
on the website of Stanford University, an article commemorating Zhang Shousheng was published on December 6, 2018. In this paper, Zhang Shousheng's achievements are highly evaluated, and he is called a very rare theoretical physicist. His academic use of very abstract concepts to explain quantum state matter, and has a profound impact on the development of quantum future technology
2. Capture Hall effect gracefully. Fractional quantum Hall effect is one of the most important achievements in the field of condensed matter physics in the past two decades, and it is also a field often praised by Nobel Prize. To explain this effect, we need to use many of the most subtle concepts in quantum physics. Zhang Shousheng believes that the fractional quantum Hall effect is more likely to be confirmed by experiments in his lifetime
In 1988, Zhang Shousheng, together with Professor kivelson and Hansson, who were still at SUNY Stony Brook, extended the topological quantum field theory and came up with a method that can be used to capture the physical changes of fractional quantum Hall effect gracefully
3. The genius of nature prediction
"one flower, one world, one sand, one heaven". This is Zhang Shousheng's favorite poem in his lifetime, which also explains his life. In Zhang Shousheng's view, science's ability to predict nature through experiments is the most amazing. He once said: "the greatest part of theory is prediction, which reveals the degree of people's cognition."
And Zhang Shousheng himself is a forecasting genius. He has made a lot of important and successful predictions“ His scientific taste is very high, he has the intuition to predict which research is worth and which is not, and he can give explanations. " Professor moler said
4. Cross border investment catch up with the breaking tide
Professor Zhang Shousheng has been in Stanford University, the birthplace of Silicon Valley for a long time, where the entrepreneurial atmosphere is unique, and Zhang Shousheng can hardly escape the fate of becoming an investor. In 2013, he and his student Gu Anjia established venture capital Danhua capital, which is committed to introcing the Silicon Valley model into China and making contributions to China's high-tech. According to reports, Danhua capital's "Dan" is taken from Stanford, and "Hua" is taken from China, aiming to become a high-speed bridge between Stanford University and Silicon Valley, the holy land of innovation and entrepreneurship in the world
According to the official website of Danhua capital, Danhua capital has developed into the largest Chinese venture capital fund in Silicon Valley, managing two US dollar funds and one RMB fund. It has two offices in Silicon Valley of the United States and Beijing of China (newly established office on the Bund of Shanghai), with a scale of over US $500 million, The Fund LP (Investor) lineup includes instry leaders of famous Internet companies, top technology listed companies and financial institutions at home and abroad, and has abundant instrial resourcesOn December 1, 2018, the wife of famous Chinese American physicist Zhang Shousheng went shopping in the supermarket after work as usual, and then returned to their apartment on rivers street in San Francisco. On this day, however, she was doomed to despair. After she came home, she knocked on the door for a long time. No one opened the door, called her husband, and no one answered. Instinct told her that her husband, Zhang Shousheng, might have an accident, but she didn't have the courage to think about it. Instead, she deluded herself into hoping that her husband would show up after a while. As a result, Zhang Shousheng didn't show up in front of her wife until this evening. At about 11:00 p.m. on the 1st, she received a phone call from Peter Van nevenhey, one of the major shareholders of Danhua capital (an investment company jointly founded by Zhang Shousheng and others) - Peter is not only one of the shareholders, but also one of Zhang Shousheng's two Mentors (the other is Yang Zhenning). Peter told her: your husband is gone. It is said that he committed suicide< br />