Building private blockchain
blockchain is the underlying technology of bitcoin, like a database ledger, recording all transaction records. Because of its safety and convenience, this technology has graally attracted the attention of the banking and financial instry
in April 2018, a group of scholars from Oxford University announced the establishment of Woolf University, the world's first blockchain University
in a narrow sense, blockchain is a kind of chain data structure that combines data blocks in chronological order in a sequential way, and it can not be tampered with and forged by cryptography
broadly speaking, blockchain technology is a new distributed infrastructure and computing method, which uses blockchain data structure to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithm to generate and update data, uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and uses intelligent contract composed of automated script code to program and operate data.
according to Xiao Wang, the concept of blockchain as a service (baas) is mainly proposed by Microsoft and IBM. To put it bluntly, it is actually a new type of cloud service, a cloud service combined with blockchain technology. For example, Microsoft's azure cloud computing platform and IBM's bluemix garage cloud platform all provide blockchain as a service baas
blockchain as a service (baas) is a space created by enterprises such as Microsoft and IBM from their own cloud service network to run a blockchain node. Compared with ordinary nodes and exchange nodes, the main purpose of baas nodes is to quickly establish the development environment they need, and provide a series of operation services based on blockchain, such as search query, transaction submission, data analysis, etc. these services can be centralized or decentralized to help developers verify their concepts and models faster. The service of baas node is reflected in: it is more instrumental and easy to create, deploy, run and monitor blockchain.
This is two different concepts. According to different standards, blockchain can be classified into three categories:
& # 8195&# 8195; 1) According to the network scope of blockchain, it can be divided into public chain, private chain and alliance chain
&# 8195; 2) According to the docking type of blockchain, it is divided into single chain, side chain and interconnection chain
&# 8195; 3) According to the display environment of blockchain deployment, it can be divided into main chain and test chain
the main chain can be understood as a formal online and independent blockchain network, while the public chain refers to a blockchain that can be read by anyone, can send transactions and can be effectively confirmed by anyone, and can participate in its consensus process
public chain: open to all, anyone can participate
private chain: open to indivial indivials or entities
alliance chain: open to specific organizations
Blockchain is strictly divided into three types: public chain, private chain and alliance chain. The core difference between these three types of blockchains is the degree of openness or decentralization of access rights. Generally speaking, the higher the degree of decentralization, trust and security, the lower the transaction efficiency
generally speaking, each type of blockchain has its own specific mode and value, which is better than others. As long as the demand is solved, the blockchain is valuable
program developers have no right to interfere with users, and each participant (i.e. node) can freely join and exit the network, and carry out relevant operations according to their wishes
private blockchain is on the contrary. The write permission of the network is fully controlled by an organization or institution, and the data read permission is regulated by the organization, either open to the outside world or with a certain degree of access restrictions
in short, it can be understood as a weakly centralized or multi centralized system. Because the participating nodes are strictly limited and few; Compared with public chain, private chain has shorter time to reach consensus, faster transaction speed, higher efficiency and lower cost
the alliance chain is a blockchain between the public chain and the private chain, which can realize "partial decentralization"
each node in the chain usually has its corresponding entity or organization; Participants join the network through authorization and form a stakeholder alliance to jointly maintain the operation of the blockchain.
Since 2018, the blockchain instry has been booming. The exploration and application of blockchain is not limited to the underlying platform. Internet giants and financial giants have strengthened the application of blockchain in finance, public welfare, commodity traceability and other fields, especially in the financial field. The application with blockchain technology as the core has been accelerated
the blockchain instry is in the stage of rapid development. According to the data of in-depth analysis report on business model innovation and investment opportunities of blockchain instry published by foresight Instry Research Institute, , by the end of March 2018, 456 blockchain companies mainly engaged in blockchain business in China, from upstream hardware manufacturing, platform services, security services to downstream instrial technology application services, To ensure the development of the instry investment and financing, media, talent services, companies in various fields have been basically complete
analysis on the trend of the number of newly established companies and financing events in China's blockchain instry from 2013 to 2018, The application scenarios of blockchain have been graally enriched. According to the distribution of instry segments, there are 7 instry application companies, mainly Internet companies (Alibaba, Jingdong, Tencent) used in public welfare and commodity traceability, and innovative financial technology applications evolved by financial enterprises (Ping An, CMB, BOC), such as supply chain finance, bills and transaction clearing
because the blockchain can realize the non tampering of information, the possibility of data falsification is eliminated from the root, especially the financial instry, which has high requirements for real data, will embrace the blockchain more actively
analysis on the development trend of blockchain
Secondly, blockchain has become a new hot spot for innovation and entrepreneurship, and technology integration will expand new application space Thirdly, blockchain will be widely implemented in the real economy in the next three years, and become an important support for the construction of Digital China Fourthly, blockchain creates a new platform economy and opens a new era of sharing economy Fifthly, blockchain accelerates the process of "credible digitization" and drives finance to "move from virtual to real" to serve the real economy Sixth, the blockchain supervision and standard system will be further improved, and the instrial development foundation will continue to be consolidatedin addition, as an emerging technology, there are still many technical difficulties in the application of blockchain in the actual proction environment of the financial instry, such as throughput, scalability, consensus mechanism, privacy and security, manageability, etc
technological innovation such as blockchain is of great significance to the financial instry, which is expected to accelerate the process of "credible digitization" and continue to drive the financial "from virtual to real"
the openness and decentralization of alliance chain are limited. Its participants are screened out in advance or specified directly. The read permission of the database may be public, or it may be limited to the participants of the system just like the write permission. Currency exchange of digital currency
2. Public chain
public chain is that every node in the blockchain is open, everyone can participate in the calculation of blockchain, and everyone can download complete blockchain data, also known as blockchain ledger
public chain refers to the process that anyone in the world can read and send transactions, and transactions can be effectively confirmed on the blockchain, and anyone can participate in the consensus process. The consensus process determines whether a block can be added to the blockchain and the exact current state
3. Private chain
202. What is private chain
private chain refers to the blockchain whose write permission is only in the hands of one organization. Read access is either open to the public or restricted to any extent. Related applications include database management, auditing, and even a company. Although in some cases, we hope it can have public auditability, in many cases, public readability is not necessary. It can be said that each of the three chains has its own advantages.
It can be understood as the LAN of Internet bar
a few people use it by themselves, more people use it, and more open people still need license, that is, the alliance chain
there is no need for license at all. Anyone can use the public chain