NXT blockchain
blockchain is the underlying technology of bitcoin, like a database ledger, recording all transaction records. Because of its safety and convenience, this technology has graally attracted the attention of the banking and financial instry
in April 2018, a group of scholars from Oxford University announced the establishment of Woolf University, the world's first blockchain University
in a narrow sense, blockchain is a kind of chain data structure that combines data blocks in chronological order in a sequential way, and it can not be tampered with and forged by cryptography
broadly speaking, blockchain technology is a new distributed infrastructure and computing method, which uses blockchain data structure to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithm to generate and update data, uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and uses intelligent contract composed of automated script code to program and operate data.
Blockchain is a new application mode of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies
blockchain is an important concept of bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated by using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains the information of a bitcoin network transaction, Used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block
some areas where blockchain can be used can be as follows:
& ᦇ 9642; Smart contract; Securities trading; E-commerce; Internet of things; Social communication; File storage; Proof of existence; Authentication
&9642; Equity crowdfunding
we can compare the development of blockchain with the development of the Internet itself. In the future, something called finance Internet will be formed on the Internet. This thing is based on blockchain, and its precursor is bitcoin, that is, traditional finance starts from private chain and instry chain (LAN), bitcoin series starts from public chain (WAN), They all express the same concept - digital asset, and finally converge to an intermediate equilibrium point
The evolution mode ofblockchain is as follows:
& 9642; Blockchain 1.0 digital currency; Blockchain 2.0 digital assets and smart contracts; Blockchain 3.0: implementation of distributed applications in various instries
From the perspective of technology and architecture, I will tell you my understanding of blockchain in common language
what is blockchain? In a word, blockchain is a storage system. To be more specific, blockchain is a distributed storage system without an administrator and each node has all the data
What are the common storage systems like
first, how to ensure high availability
the common storage system usually uses "rendancy" to solve the problem of high availability. As shown in the figure above, if the data can be copied into several copies and rendant to multiple places, high availability can be guaranteed. The data in one place is hung, and there is data in other places. For example, the master-slave cluster of MySQL is the same principle, and the raid of disk is also the same principle
two points need to be emphasized in this place are: data rendancy often leads to consistency problems
1. For example, in the master-slave cluster of MySQL, there is actually a delay in reading and writing, which means there is a inconsistency in reading and writing in a short period of time. This is a side effect of data rendancy
The second point is that data rendancy often reces the efficiency of writing, because data synchronization also consumes resources. If you add two slave libraries, the write efficiency will be affected. The common storage system is to use rendancy to ensure the high availability of dataso the second question, ordinary storage system, can write more
the answer is yes, for example, take this graph as an example:
in fact, MySQL can do a master-slave synchronization of al masters, master-slave synchronization of al masters, two nodes can be written at the same time. If you want to do a multi room multi live data center, in fact, multi room multi live data synchronization. What we should emphasize here is that multi-point writing often leads to the consistency problem of writing conflicts. Take MySQL as an example, suppose that the attribute of a table is self incrementing ID, then the data in the database is 1234 now. If one of the nodes writes and inserts a piece of data, it may become 5, and then these 5 pieces of data are synchronized to another master node, Before synchronization, if another write node inserts a piece of data, a piece of data with self incrementing ID of 5 will be generated. Then, after the generation, synchronize to another node, and the synchronized data will conflict with the two local 5's after it arrives, which will lead to synchronization failure and write consistency conflict. This problem will occur in the case of multi-point writing
how to ensure consistency in multi-point writing
the reform "Swan class" gives you more technical work
1 - Decentralization: because the blockchain relies on each node to achieve system maintenance and ensure the authenticity of information transmission, it is based on distributed data storage without centralized management by a certain center, Therefore, the attack and tampering of a node will not affect the healthy operation of the whole network
2-DE Trust: the establishment of a connection between any two nodes does not need to trust each other's identity, and the data exchange between the two sides does not need the basis of mutual trust. Since all nodes in the network can act as "supervisors", there is no need to worry about fraud
3 - extensible: blockchain is an underlying open source technology, on which various kinds of extension, decentralized and distrusted applications can be realized<
4 - anonymization: the two sides of data exchange can be anonymous, and the nodes in the network can exchange data without knowing each other's identity and personal information
5 - Security and reliability: because the activities between any nodes are supervised by the whole network, and the database adopts distributed storage, for hackers, first, they can't disguise and cheat, Second, we can't control the network only by conquering a node.
First of all, don't think too much about blockchain. It's a database storage system that is distributed all over the world and can work together. Different from the traditional database operation, where the read and write permissions are controlled by a company or a centralized hand (the centralized feature), blockchain believes that anyone who has the ability to set up a server node can participate in it. Gold diggers from all over the world deploy their own nodes locally and connect to the blockchain network to become a node in the distributed database storage system; Once joined, the node enjoys the same rights and obligations as all other nodes (decentralized, distributed features). At the same time, for those who carry out services on the blockchain, they can read and write to any node in the system. Finally, all nodes in the world will synchronize one after another according to some mechanism, so that the data of all nodes in the blockchain network is completely consistent
blockchain itself is a technology, so it can't be a fraud. Just like the normalized "P2P" finance in recent years, how many fraudsters are wearing the concept of P2P to illegally absorb public funds and cheat people's hard-earned money? But is "P2P" guilty? It's just an indivial to indivial mode of Internet finance. It not only creates profits, but also helps thousands of people get rid of poverty, so as to achieve a win-win situation between the poor and the poor. The problems of currency exchange digital currency trading platform
can not hinder the development of blockchain, such as simple payment verification, side chain, lightning network protocol and other technologies proposed and in-depth research, which has been the problem solved by blockchain
The attachment of the complete works of the universal God TXT has been uploaded to the network disk, and can be downloaded for free by clicking:
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Chapter 2 black holes appear
I fly and watch the stars in the universe, some of which are n times larger than the earth, On some planets, the earth is n
times as large as theirs; Different planets radiate different lights, blue, black, red... On my way to the earth...
in a luxurious office on the earth.
"a group of useless things can't even be found. I'll give you another 2 hours. If you don't get my son back, you won't come to see me!" Sitting on the sofa, a middle-aged man in a suit, energetic and wearing a pair of gold rimmed glasses, is angrily yelling at a group of people with low heads, wearing suits and sunglasses.
"yes, yes, yes! I'll look for it now! " A leader like these people said.
"get out and look for them!"<
the group of people bowed their heads and went out.
"Zhongxiang, where do you say our son has gone? It's been a day." a noble woman sobbed and said to the middle-aged man.
this middle-aged man is my father, the chairman of Xie's group and the richest man in the world -- Xie Zhongxiang, The noble woman is my mother, Liu Yanfang. They are worried about my disappearance
"ah. Yanfang...
it should be the whole book