The new of blockchain

1. blockchain technology uses mathematical methods to achieve distributed accounting and solve the trust problem, so as to complete the decentralization, which will bring far-reaching influence in many fields such as communication, finance, Internet of things, government management and so on
blockchain refers to the technical solution of collective maintenance of a reliable database through centralization and distrust in the past, and it is a technical way for the whole people to participate in bookkeeping. Previous bookkeeping methods were all centralized and needed centralized intermediary, whether it was traditional government, financial institutions, notarization institutions or emerging e-commerce platform and online payment platform
in economic hypothesis, information is sufficient. In fact, it is precisely because of insufficient information that there are very large intermediaries. The existence of intermediaries increases the transaction cost and raises the transaction threshold. In essence, blockchain technology is a large-scale collaboration tool. It makes direct value transfer possible by using pure technology for the first time, and continues the trend of Internet decentralization and disintermediation. Disintermediated blockchain technology will greatly subvert the information intermediary instry
blockchain technology is the basic technology for building bitcoin data structure and encrypted transmission of transaction information, which realizes the issue and transaction of bitcoin. The core of blockchain technology is that all the current participating nodes jointly maintain the transaction and database, so that the transaction is based on the principle of cryptography rather than trust, so that any agreed parties can directly carry out payment transactions without the participation of a third party
technically, a block is a data structure for recording transactions, reflecting the capital flow of a transaction. In the system, the transaction blocks are connected to form a main chain, and all the nodes participating in the calculation record the main chain or part of the main chain
a block contains the following three parts: transaction information, hash formed by the previous block and random number. Transaction information is the task data carried by the block, including the private keys of both parties, the number of transactions, the digital signature of electronic currency, etc; The hash hash formed by the previous block is used to connect the blocks and realize the sequence of past transactions; Random number is the core of the transaction. All nodes compete to calculate the answer of the random number. The node that gets the answer the fastest generates a new block and broadcasts it to all nodes for updating, so as to complete a transaction.

2.

Blockchain is an important concept of bitcoin. It is essentially a disintermediated database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated by using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains the information of a bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the effectiveness of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block

blockchain is a new application mode of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies

in a narrow sense, blockchain is a kind of chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential way according to the time sequence, and it can not be tampered with and forged by cryptography

broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses blockchain data structure to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithm to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access It is a new distributed infrastructure and computing method to program and operate data by using intelligent contract composed of automated script code

extended data:

the evolution mode of blockchain is as follows:

& 9642; Blockchain 1.0 - digital currency

▪ Blockchain 2.0 - digital assets and smart contracts

▪ Blockchain 3.0 - Implementation of distributed applications in various instries

blockchain features:

1. Disintermediation. Due to the use of Distributed Accounting and storage, there is no centralized hardware or management organization in the system, the rights and obligations of any node are equal, and the data blocks in the system are jointly maintained by the nodes with maintenance function in the whole system

2. Openness. The system is open. In addition to the private information of all parties to the transaction is encrypted, the data of the blockchain is open to all. Anyone can query the blockchain data and develop related applications through the open interface, so the information of the whole system is highly transparent

3. Autonomy. Blockchain adopts consensus based specifications and Protocols (such as a set of open and transparent algorithms) to enable all nodes in the whole system to exchange data freely and safely in a de trusted environment, so that the trust in "people" is changed into the trust in machines, and any human intervention does not work

The information can not be tampered with. Once the information is verified and added to the blockchain, it will be stored permanently. Unless more than 51% of the nodes in the system can be controlled at the same time, the modification of the database on a single node is invalid. Therefore, the data stability and reliability of the blockchain are extremely high

5. Anonymity. Because the exchange between nodes follows a fixed algorithm, the data interaction does not need to be trusted (the program rules in the blockchain will judge whether the activity is effective). Therefore, the counterparties do not need to make the other party trust themselves by disclosing their identities, which is very helpful for the accumulation of credit

3. It should be fake. Blockchain and other tokens are prohibited in China. So what can you do with the blockchain procts you buy? If it doesn't exist, it's not worth a cent. Where do you make money from.

4.

Three questions blockchain (economic hot spot)

recently, news about bitcoin is very eye-catching, and blockchain is on fire. In the capital market, the rise and fall of various blockchain concept stocks is like a roller coaster. It can be seen from the sensitive capital market that the blockchain is on the way and is highly concerned by all parties

"blockchain technology is essentially a kind of database technology, specifically a kind of ledger technology. The account book records the asset changes and transactions of one or more accounts. In fact, it is a kind of database with the simplest structure. The daily accounts we usually record in the small account book and the statements sent by the bank are typical account books. " Wang Jun, chief researcher of Tencent Financial technology think tank, said that security is a major feature of blockchain technology, which is mainly reflected in two aspects: one is the distributed storage architecture. The more nodes there are, the higher the security of data storage is; The other is the ingenious design of tamper proof and decentralization, which makes it difficult for anyone to modify data without following the rules

take the online shopping transaction as an example, the traditional mode is that the buyer purchases the goods, and then sends the money to the intermediary platform of the third-party payment institution. After the seller delivers the goods and the buyer confirms the receipt, the buyer informs the payment institution to send the money to the seller's account. The transaction mode supported by blockchain technology is different. Buyers and sellers can trade directly without any intermediary platform. After the transaction between the buyer and the seller, the system publishes the transaction information in the form of broadcast, and all hosts receiving the information record the transaction after confirming that the information is correct, which means that all hosts have done data backup for the transaction. Even if a machine has problems in the future, it will not affect the data recording, because there are countless machines as backup

when it comes to blockchain, many people associate it with bitcoin, and many even equate blockchain with bitcoin. He Fei said that bitcoin is a way of presenting blockchain, but blockchain is not the same as bitcoin. Blockchain is the underlying technology and infrastructure of bitcoin, and bitcoin is a successful application of blockchain, but it does not mean that blockchain can only be applied to bitcoin

What is the use of

blockchain

can solve the pain points and difficulties in many fields such as finance, public welfare, supervision, anti-counterfeiting, but there are many applicable conditions

financial service is the first application field of blockchain technology. The application of blockchain technology can solve the pain points in payment, asset management, securities and other fields

taking the payment field as an example, the cost of reconciliation, clearing and settlement among financial institutions, especially cross-border financial institutions, is high, involving many manual processes, which not only leads to high costs for users and financial institutions' back-end business, but also makes it difficult to develop micro payment business. The application of blockchain technology helps to rece the cost of reconciliation and dispute resolution between financial institutions, and significantly improve the processing efficiency of payment business. In addition, the cost and efficiency advantages brought by blockchain technology in the field of payment enable financial institutions to better handle the small cross-border payment which was considered unrealistic e to high cost in the past, and contribute to the realization of Inclusive Finance

for example, in order to solve the problem of high reconciliation cost among financial institutions, in August 2016, Weizhong bank and Shanghai Huarui Bank launched the inter agency reconciliation platform of micro loan, which is also the first application scenario of banking alliance chain running in the proction environment in China. Zhang Kaixiang, chief architect of Weizhong bank's blockchain, believes that the high cost problem that the traditional "batch file reconciliation" model has failed to solve for a long time is exactly where blockchain technology can be used. Subsequently, Bank of Luoyang and Bank of Changsha have also been connected to the inter agency reconciliation platform. Through the blockchain technology, the inter agency reconciliation process in the micro loan business has been optimized, achieving the goals of quasi real-time reconciliation, improving operation efficiency and recing operation cost. Up to now, the platform has been running stably for more than one year, with zero failure, and the number of real transactions recorded has reached tens of millions

in the field of public welfare, blockchain technology is also promising. The first application scenario of ant financial services involving blockchain is public welfare, which helps a group of hearing-impaired children get a donation, and then uses blockchain technology to promote public welfare to be more open and transparent. Hu Danqing, senior proct expert of ant financial services technology laboratory, said: "the blockchain public welfare platform is like a post office dedicated to mailing funds on the Internet. Every sum of money donated by users will be packaged into a package, which will be delivered through the blockchain platform. Every node we pass through will be stamped with a postmark and finally delivered to the recipient. This can ensure that every sum of money donated by users is transparent, traceable and difficult to tamper with. "

blockchain technology can be used to crack down on counterfeit goods. Hu Danqing introced that ant financial services has applied blockchain technology to the traceability of authentic procts. At present, some seafood procts from Australia and New Zealand, such as milk powder, are swept away with Alipay, so they can know if they are genuine procts. Different from previous businesses' self input of commodity information, blockchain allows multiple "bookkeepers" to complete bookkeeping fairly, independently and non repudiately. "

for financial supervision, blockchain technology can also play a role. According to the white paper of FISCO bcos, the underlying platform of financial blockchain, issued by the financial blockchain cooperation alliance (Shenzhen) in 2017, blockchain provides consistent and easy to audit data for financial regulators. Through the data analysis of inter agency blockchain, it can supervise financial business faster and more accurately than the traditional audit process. For example, in the anti money laundering scenario, the balance and transaction records of each account are traceable, and any link of any transaction will not be separated from the regulatory line of sight, which will greatly improve the anti money laundering efforts

some people in the instry believe that blockchain 1.0 is mainly aimed at digital currency; Blockchain 2.0 aims at smart contracts and can be applied in financial markets; Blockchain 3.0 will apply to more scenarios, and even create a "blockchain era"

He Fei believes that blockchain can indeed solve the pain points and difficulties in many fields, but blockchain is not omnipotent and has many applicable conditions

for example, the decentralization of blockchain technology is suitable for multi-party participation scenarios, and if it is only unilateral or bilateral participation, the value is not great. Due to the need for each node to check, blockchain technology is not suitable for those high-frequency trading activities

for another example, blockchain emphasizes openness and transparency, which is not suitable for scenarios with high data privacy requirements

will blockchain become a new outlet

technology is not yet mature enough. We must be alert to the concept of speculation. In particular, we should distinguish between technological innovation or fund-raising innovation. We can not block the chain chain concept of

block chain so that we will not become a "Internet plus". p>

in recent years, the development ecology of blockchain has been graally improved and enriched. Instry insiders believe that with national policy support, extensive attention and financial support, blockchain technology can achieve graal and stable progress. Although the prospect of blockchain technology is broad, we should also keep an ordinary mind

"despite the current blockchain craze, we still believe that it is still in a very early stage." Hu Danqing said that at present, there is a virtual heat in the concept of blockchain. Instead of using technology to solve practical problems, it is hot to raise money and speculate on valuation. In particular, most of the so-called ICO (initial token issuance) that are hot are innovation of fund-raising tools, which has nothing to do with technological innovation

blockchain technology can indeed create great value, but some risks can not be ignored

"blockchain technology is not very mature, and its application scenarios are relatively limited, so we should be more alert to the concept of capital market speculation." He Fei said that behind the blockchain boom, there will inevitably be some companies that want to speculate. They do not really carry out business, but just try to make a profit in the capital market. They should be careful to prevent the emergence of "bad money drives out good money", which will lead to the withdrawal of institutions that really want to carry out business from the market and affect the application of blockchain technology

Hu Danqing suggested that for the current blockchain craze, regulatory authorities should be more active in intervening, distinguish between technological innovation and fund-raising innovation, encourage government organizations, credible experts and instry participants to help the public identify, comprehensively curb fund-raising innovation in the name of blockchain, and let the actual controller of ICO bear responsibility for fund-raising behavior“ The basis for judging whether it is technological innovation or fund-raising innovation is actually very clear, that is, whether it starts with trust and whether it creates practical value by solving the trust problem. "

in order to better promote and use blockchain technology in the future, we need to continue to improve the infrastructure and strengthen the formulation of relevant laws and policies

Wang Jun believes that there is still room for optimization and improvement of core technologies of blockchain such as consensus algorithm; On the other hand, the processing efficiency of blockchain is difficult to meet the requirements of some high-frequency application environments in reality. At present, the mainstream blockchain technology platforms are originated in foreign countries. Domestic blockchain technology service providers should patiently start from the bottom development, achieve independent and controllable technology, and strive to lead the development of global blockchain technology. Enterprises with blockchain application scenarios should actively embrace new things and scientifically evaluate the demand for blockchain, instead of blockchain for the sake of blockchain

He Fei believes that the government can issue relevant policies to guide the enterprises who are interested in the R & D and application of blockchain technology, and at the same time, clarify some suitable application scenarios of blockchain and areas encouraged by the state

the white paper 2016 on the development of China's blockchain technology and application suggests that government departments at all levels should learn from the advanced practices of developed countries and regions and, in combination with the development of China's blockchain technology and application, timely issue support policies for blockchain technology and instrial development, focusing on supporting key technology tackling, major demonstration projects, the construction of "innovation and entrepreneurship" platform, and the development of China's blockchain technology and application System solution development and public service platform construction. At the same time, it is suggested that domestic key enterprises, scientific research institutions, universities and user units should strengthen cooperation to speed up the research of core key technologies such as consensus mechanism, programmable contract, distributed storage and digital signature

can bring money to the enterprise will become the outlet

5. There are several entry points to look at: top-down policy support, credible blockchain data sharing, token and digital currency on blockchain. At present, in 2020, the blockchain instry is at an inflection point from barbaric growth to standardized operation and development, And the epidemic will also serve as one of the catalysts to promote the implementation of blockchain in the instry faster.

6. Since the origin of money, the development of trade between people and countries has become more smooth and convenient. The exchange of trade proces a large amount of transaction information, which is initially recorded by some special systems, such as the government system and the banking system, so it is often confidential and not open to the public. Therefore, when we trade with unfamiliar counterparties, we need reliable third parties or intermediaries who have the above information records to help us audit the authenticity of the transaction, such as the government, banks, accountants and notaries. These are called "reliable third parties"
the emergence of bitcoin makes the status of "trusted third party" in danger. Bitcoin maintains a public account book through computer networking, which is completely open and not controlled by any organization. To be more precise, it is a large digital ledger that is publicly accessible and maintained by the whole distributed network, which we call "blockchain"
in the blockchain, all transactions are recorded, including the date, time, trading partner and number of transactions. Each node in the network has a complete of the blockchain ledger, which is equivalent to that each node has a of the ledger. Blockchain uses advanced and complex mathematical principles to allow all users in the system to participate in bookkeeping competitively. In a certain period of time, the fastest and best user records will be selected and recorded in the big ledger
nationwide bookkeeping makes the system have no specific independent third-party bookkeeper, the records on any node of the system are lost, and the other nodes have a full set of books, so that the information transmission and transaction conclusion will not be affected. If someone tries to make fraulent transactions, its node information will not be able to reach a consensus with the network, because its account book content is inconsistent with most people's account books, so it will not be recognized by the public, unless he can tamper with the account book records of more than 51% nodes. Obviously, this is difficult to achieve, because no one can control the accounting computers distributed on nodes all over the world at the same time. Therefore, blockchain will not lead to false transactions
through the blockchain, every transaction is open, and thousands of nodes anonymously identify the date x, time y, quantity n, etc. of the transaction, which is just like justifying all transactions as a notary. In this way, we share the same data source, which is open, transparent and reliable. This is the reason why we trust blockchain and the essential attribute of blockchain technology
in short, blockchain can subvert the existing world. Ethereum and decent are the most typical examples. However, at present, they only stay in theory.

7. In the past two years, the concepts of blockchain, bitcoin, cryptocurrency and ICO have graally come into the public view, which has attracted the attention of investors and entrepreneurs. As an emerging venture project, A5 venture network will make a simple summary and introction of some of the latest blockchain venture projects in this article
1. Heard about blockchain
classification: blockchain
financing: Angel round financing was completed in May, with the amount of RMB 8 million, and the investor was huangtao capital
Introction: heard that blockchain is a blockchain audio program provider. The platform mainly explains blockchain knowledge to users in the form of audio content to help users understand the blockchain instry. In the later stage, the platform will launch paid classroom, small program, app and other functions<
2. Zhidou ecation chain
classification: ecation chain
financing: Angel round financing was completed in May, with an amount of more than RMB 10 million, and the investors were Xing Shuai ecation, fangchuang capital and Qingcai investment
Introction: Zhidou ecation chain uses blockchain and distributed storage technology to build a decentralized online ecation system. This peer-to-peer online ecation community allows scholars to pay and reward content procers directly. Through the distribution, circulation, incentive and empowerment of digital assets, content creators and learners can form decentralized spontaneous learning, spontaneous teaching, spontaneous proction of high-quality content, achieve the positive cycle of survival, and finally form a self-running online ecation ecology. Users can learn freely and publish ecational content through online ecation community< Xpense super buy
category:
financing: Angel round financing was completed in May, with the amount of US $5 million and the original capital of the investor
Introction: xpense super buy is an underlying protocol based on side chain technology, which enables users to synchronize consumption records in different scenarios effectively and can not be tampered with. In the future consumer market, different shopping malls will be nodes of each other to store data in the form of blockchain. No one can tamper with the consumption records. Xpense super buy will create user consumption big data ecology, and let rules form in the consensus of ecological contributors< Fcoin
4. Fcoin
classification: community organization
financing situation: Angel round financing was completed in May, and the investors were Danhua capital, node capital, singer capital, time stamp capital, Bawei capital, zipper and indivial investors, with unknown investment amount
Introction: fcoin is not an exchange or a company in the traditional sense, but a certificated community organization whose rights and interests are reflected by the FT issued by fcoin. Fcoin has three characteristics: first, the world's first fully transparent exchange will disclose assets and trading data in real time. Second, it is the world's first "trade as mining" mode, which rewards more than half of ft to community users through the return of handling charges. Third, beyond the company's self-organization ecology, 80% of the exchange's income will be immediately distributed to FT holders, who also have the right to participate in major community decision-making<

5. Bitoex
classification: bitcoin platform
financing: Angel round financing was completed in May, with an amount of US $10 million, which was not disclosed by the investor
Introction: bitoex is a bitcoin service platform headquartered in Taiwan, China. Bitoex integrates bitcoin with bank remittance service, allowing users to enjoy bitcoin transfer service without borders. In addition, they have launched a web-based ATM that allows users to withdraw local currency and buy bitcoin at 24 * 7 convenience stores<
6. Qifeng finance and economics
classification: financial media
financing situation: Angel round financing was completed in May, with the amount of more than 10 million RMB, and the investors were yingnuo angel fund, first construction investment capital and Qingwa capital
Introction: Qifeng finance is the first video financial media of blockchain. We are committed to building the first community of blockchain. Through direct dialogue with blockchain cultivators and multi angle exclusive interpretation, we can enhance the awareness of blockchain in the community<
7. Shangyuan
classification: digital management
financing situation: the strategic investment was completed in May with the amount of RMB 45 million, and the investors were not Fanxiang fund, eosfund and red coin capital
Introction: shangcoin is a digital asset management brand. The quantitative team of shangcoin is composed of many senior practitioners with ten years of experience in securities secondary market. It has over 10 billion capital trading experience and achieves quantitative income through professional behavior of asset matching. In the future, shangcoin will not only provide fixed deposit and fixed income procts, but also launch an annual income wallet that can be withdrawn immediately<
8. Daily Planet daily
classification: news flash
financing situation: Angel round financing was completed in May, with an amount of RMB 30 million, and the investors were return fund, Qixi investment, Bawei capital, Chuangda capital and Xinghe capital
Introction: Daily Planet daily will cover readers in the field of blockchain from the perspectives of News Express, data quotation, technical interpretation, exclusive depth and so on: it will provide news information, popular science content and highly readable feature articles for the pan population who are interested in blockchain; For digital currency holders, we provide them with market interpretation, project analysis and trend judgment; For practitioners, provide technical interviews, in-depth content and instry research reports
9. Only chain
classification: platform
financing situation: round a financing was completed in May, and the investor was PricewaterhouseCoopers, and the investment amount was unknown
Introction: ONLINK is an enterprise oriented Internet of things and DAPP platform. It aims to provide a strong infrastructure that can use RFID and other similar Internet of things technologies to connect blockchain technology with the real world. It will expand to supply chain management and business intelligence contract< Diginex
classification: Investment Company
financing: acquired by the Madison group in April, with an amount of US $60 million
Introction: diginex Limited is a cross-border encryption asset investment company in Hong Kong. Diginex currently has offices in Hong Kong, Switzerland, Germany and Japan, as well as mining operations in Asia, Switzerland and Sweden
this new outlet, which is favored by all walks of life on the Internet, has a very attractive future, but also has the most difficult technical research problems at this stage. The above is the latest development of blockchain entrepreneurship projects