Dutch EPO blockchain

Hypoxia of extrarenal tissue can promote EPO proction in kidney. In addition to kidney origin, 5% ~ 10% of EPO in normal human body is proced by tissues outside the kidney (such as liver). Therefore, uremic patients with severe rupture of both kidneys and dependence on artificial kidney still have low level of erythropoiesis. Different from normal endocrine cells, there is no EPO storage in renal cells. Hypoxia can rapidly increase the expression of EPO gene and increase the synthesis and secretion of EPO
EPO is a major regulator of erythropoiesis in mammals. EPO, as a glycoprotein hormone, can improve the performance of enrance athletes. The main reasons are as follows: on the one hand, EPO can stimulate the hematopoietic function of bone marrow, increase the number of red blood cells in time and effectively, so as to improve the oxygen carrying capacity of blood. Even within 120 days after use, EPO can improve hemoglobin, and increase the hematocrit to 55% - 60% (only 37-49% in ordinary people)
on the other hand, EPO can enhance the body's ability to combine, transport and supply oxygen, which is concive to improving the state of hypoxia and promoting the generation of oxygen in muscles ring high-intensity competition, so as to make muscles more powerful and work longer. Especially for enrance athletes engaged in cycling, the proportion of slow muscle fiber in skeletal muscle fiber type is large, skeletal muscle work mainly depends on aerobic metabolism to supply energy, the strength of oxygen supply ability directly affects the work efficiency of skeletal muscle, so if EPO is used to improve the work efficiency of skeletal muscle, the effect is obvious
and it has more obvious effect on improving the performance of an enrance athlete. Dr. John Adamson, director of the New York Blood Center, points out that "the more red blood cells you have, the longer you run fast.". The increase of oxygen carrying capacity of red blood cells improves the competitive level of athletes. It is a well-known problem for sports circles to "excite" blood through blood transfusion. For many years, in enrance sports such as cycling, many athletes often inject synthetic EPO illegally in order to improve their performance
for enrance athletes eager to improve their performance, erythropoietin has obvious attraction in two aspects. Unlike blood transfusion, which requires special medical help, there is no risk of infection. "Proper use of erythropoietin can have a significant effect, but improper use is very dangerous," Dr. Adamson said. If given to a healthy person whose blood flow solubility is within the normal range of 37-49%, the percentage of red blood cells in his blood will become very high, reaching 50-55%, which will cause a sharp increase in blood viscosity and increase the chance of thrombosis, stroke and heart attack. " EPO doping is almost the same as the human body's naturally generated erythropoietin, and it will quickly disappear from the human body after injection, which adds difficulty to the detection. Therefore, athletes began to use EPO in order to improve the competition performance< In fact, EPO is harmful to athletes. In his book medicine, sports and politics, he added: "I know that many athletes are using this hormone to increase the supply of red blood cells.". Dr Randy Eckner said, "the unexplained death of many Dutch racing athletes may be related to erythropoietin. "There have been about 15 deaths in the past three years," he said. Eckner elaborated on the dangers of athletes using erythropoietin. He said: "a marathon runner whose blood cell volume reached 60% e to the abuse of erythropoietin, when he set out in hot weather, disaster had already come. In the second half of the race, dehydration increases the blood flow volume to 65% or even 70%, which sharply increases the possibility of thrombosis