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What does OTC mean in blockchain
Publish: 2021-04-13 04:17:18
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1. OTC is the symbol of over-the-counter drugs and the abbreviation of over the counter. OTC drugs are characterized by safety, effectiveness, convenience and economy. Before OTC drugs are put on the market, they have been clinically tested for many years and widely recognized by consumers
OTC (over-the-counter market or over-the-counter market) is totally different from the exchange market. OTC has no fixed place, no prescribed membership, no strictly controllable rules and regulations, no prescribed trading procts and restrictions, and it is mainly one-to-one trading concted by the counterparties through private negotiation The representatives of OTC are medical and pharmaceutical professionals who have received medical and pharmaceutical ecation, have certain clinical theoretical knowledge and practical experience, and are engaged in drug promotion and publicity after training in marketing knowledge and promotion skills In 1920, Czech science fiction writer chapeck wrote "the omnipotent robot of rosom", the original text was "Robota", and later became the popular "robot" in western language The process of OTC drug marketing management is also the process of OTC drug enterprises' analysis, planning, marketing execution and evaluation control of OTC drug market. In recent years, the marketing practice of OTC drug enterprises has proved that market research is the premise, marketing strategy is the core, and terminal marketing is the key to the successful operation of OTC drug marketing2.
OTC refers to OTC transaction, which refers to OTC market and OTC market
the establishment of OTC market in China can provide equity trading platform for millions of enterprises that can not meet the listing conditions. OTC trading refers to equity trading in the market outside the stock exchange
OTC market originated more than 100 years ago. At that time, there were many securities not traded on the New York Stock Exchange and other stock exchanges in the U.S. stock market. Investors could buy these stocks through securities companies or banks
because of the practice of selling stocks to customers on the bank counter, it is called the over-the-counter market. Because this kind of trading is not carried out in the exchange, it is also called the over-the-counter market or the over-the-counter market. OTC market is the oldest stock exchange in the world
OTC transactions have no fixed venue, no specified membership and strictly controllable rules and regulations, and are mainly one-to-one transactions through private negotiation. OTC mode is determined by both parties through negotiation, while matchmaking mode is formed by computer matchmaking
< H2 > source: Internet OTC transactions3. OTC is the abbreviation of over the counter, which refers to over-the-counter drugs in the pharmaceutical instry. The medical administration bureau of the Ministry of health defines OTC as follows: OTC is a kind of drug that consumers can buy directly from pharmacies or pharmacies without the doctor's prescription, and it can be used safely without the guidance of medical professionals. The main categories of over-the-counter drugs: dietary supplements (including vitamins and minerals), skin drugs (including skin health care procts), cold and cough drugs, analgesics, gastrointestinal drugs
over the counter drugs are divided into a and B categories. In order to make it more convenient for the masses, some drugs with higher safety in the over-the-counter drugs are classified as class B. besides being sold in pharmacies, class B over-the-counter drugs can also be sold in supermarkets, hotels, department stores, etc. Of course, these ordinary commercial enterprises need to be approved by the corresponding drug regulatory authorities before they can sell class B OTC drugs.
over the counter drugs are divided into a and B categories. In order to make it more convenient for the masses, some drugs with higher safety in the over-the-counter drugs are classified as class B. besides being sold in pharmacies, class B over-the-counter drugs can also be sold in supermarkets, hotels, department stores, etc. Of course, these ordinary commercial enterprises need to be approved by the corresponding drug regulatory authorities before they can sell class B OTC drugs.
4. OTC (over the counter) drugs, also known as over-the-counter drugs, have been recognized by FDA as "over the counter drugs". At present, there are nearly 40o and OOo drugs sold in the United States, of which more than 300000 are OTC drugs. In the United States, there are two main channels for obtaining drugs: prescription drugs based on doctors' prescriptions or 0tc drugs purchased directly by consumers
the increase in health care costs and the emergence of safer and more effective OTC in the United States have enabled patients to self treat their diseases, which in the past had to resort to professional medical care. This trend has increased the access to previously prescribed drugs, as some of them have been included in the scope of over-the-counter drugs. These over-the-counter drugs provide consumers with a wider range of choices and opportunities<
the first major federal regulation in the United States aimed at regulating drugs was the Federal Food and Drug Act of 1906, but it was not until the federal food, drug and cosmetic act of 1938 that the safety of drugs was legally limited. Since 1933, the legislative work of this new law has been under consideration. Just because of the use of this newly sold aminobenzene sulfonamide elixir mixed with toxic solvent glycol, more than 100 people died, many of them children. This event eventually led to the formation of the law. The federal food, drug, and cosmetic act of 1938 requires that all new drug procts put on the market after 1938 should be proved to be safe for human use before they are sold. According to the requirements commonly known as the original clause, procts put on the market before 1938 are not subject to the new drug application (NDA) clause. However, some OTC drugs currently on sale, such as aspirin, are still affected by this provision. In addition, when reviewing OTC drugs, FDA has reviewed the safety, effectiveness and labeling of all OTC drugs, no matter when the date of sale is. In the whole process of new drug application in the United States, prescription drugs can be reclassified as OTC drugs and retain their status as new drugs. It can also directly approve new drug applications for OTC drugs (without reclassification), such as 2 O mg of isopropyl propionate (dosage never used in the prescription). When a new drug is used by many patients for many years, it can be seen as generally acknowledged as safe and effective. OTC drugs that have passed the FDA's review can also be fully recognized. At the completion of the review, all OTC drugs not approved as new drugs will be classified as OTC drug monographs (see the meaning of "OTC monographs")
before the review of OTC drugs began in 1972, no FDA subordinate unit specifically dealt with OTC drugs currently sold. Initially, FDA officials helped Advisory review teams review the ingredients, labels, and cautions of OTC drugs sold, and publish the resulting federal documents. In 1977, a larger and more formal organization, including the OTC drug review Department of CDER, was established. However, at that time, most of the new drug related issues (including reclassification and application) were handled in a new drug Department of the center for drug evaluation and research, rather than by the OTC drug department< In 1991, OTC drug evaluation department was reorganized into OTC drug evaluation office. It enriches the work of the new drug review department responsible for processing new drug applications and prescription drug conversion. It includes a specialist reviewer, a medical reviewer and a drug policy officer. They were assigned to raise the issue of OTC drugs at the same time, such as the conversion of prescription drugs to OTC drugs, new OTC drugs, international coordination, and necessary monitoring of health care costs
2. Since the dissolution of the last OTC Drug Advisory Group in 1981, there has been no special advisory group to routinely examine OTC problems. In some cases, OTC ingredients are reviewed by a standing prescription drug care group< In 1991, FDA announced the establishment of an over-the-counter drug advisory committee to review and review the safety and effectiveness of OTC drugs, and to serve as a forum for exchange of opinions when converting all kinds of prescription drugs into over-the-counter drugs. A 10 member core Committee with extensive experience and professional knowledge has been established. Its members are experts in internal medicine, obstetrics and Gynecology, dermatology, epidemiology, pharmacy, clinical pharmacology, pediatrics and related professional fields. When discussing a specific topic, the core committee can absorb experts from other FDA committees who have expertise in this issue to participate in the discussion. For example, when considering local preparations, a number of dermatologists can be invited. The new committee also includes a consumer representative and a non voting instry liaison. The first meeting was held in December 1992 to consider the pharmaceutical effects of alcohol in OTC procts, and a smaller dose of drugs for oral use was set
in recent years, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has made new regulations on the labeling of OTC drugs in order to standardize the labeling of OTC drugs sold in the US market and rece the abuse of OTC drugs. It is estimated that 170000 patients are hospitalized each year e to the abuse of OTC drugs, resulting in the loss of about $7.5 billion in treatment costs. Researchers found that half of the cases of OTC abuse can be avoided by standardizing the label to strengthen the medication guidance for consumers. Regulation: the basic content of all OTC drugs must appear on the label in order, and the text should be easy to understand. The drug related contents that must appear on the label are: active ingredients; Usage; matters needing attention; Medication guidance; Adverse drug reactions and other information. The new regulations stipulate six different types of labels, which manufacturers can choose according to the shape and size of their procts. The law will be on trial for two years. FDA will also implement a plan to strengthen consumers' knowledge of OTC drugs, especially for children, special care workers and the elderly. The work will be jointly undertaken by the over-the-counter drug instry association and the National Association of drug chain stores.
the increase in health care costs and the emergence of safer and more effective OTC in the United States have enabled patients to self treat their diseases, which in the past had to resort to professional medical care. This trend has increased the access to previously prescribed drugs, as some of them have been included in the scope of over-the-counter drugs. These over-the-counter drugs provide consumers with a wider range of choices and opportunities<
the first major federal regulation in the United States aimed at regulating drugs was the Federal Food and Drug Act of 1906, but it was not until the federal food, drug and cosmetic act of 1938 that the safety of drugs was legally limited. Since 1933, the legislative work of this new law has been under consideration. Just because of the use of this newly sold aminobenzene sulfonamide elixir mixed with toxic solvent glycol, more than 100 people died, many of them children. This event eventually led to the formation of the law. The federal food, drug, and cosmetic act of 1938 requires that all new drug procts put on the market after 1938 should be proved to be safe for human use before they are sold. According to the requirements commonly known as the original clause, procts put on the market before 1938 are not subject to the new drug application (NDA) clause. However, some OTC drugs currently on sale, such as aspirin, are still affected by this provision. In addition, when reviewing OTC drugs, FDA has reviewed the safety, effectiveness and labeling of all OTC drugs, no matter when the date of sale is. In the whole process of new drug application in the United States, prescription drugs can be reclassified as OTC drugs and retain their status as new drugs. It can also directly approve new drug applications for OTC drugs (without reclassification), such as 2 O mg of isopropyl propionate (dosage never used in the prescription). When a new drug is used by many patients for many years, it can be seen as generally acknowledged as safe and effective. OTC drugs that have passed the FDA's review can also be fully recognized. At the completion of the review, all OTC drugs not approved as new drugs will be classified as OTC drug monographs (see the meaning of "OTC monographs")
before the review of OTC drugs began in 1972, no FDA subordinate unit specifically dealt with OTC drugs currently sold. Initially, FDA officials helped Advisory review teams review the ingredients, labels, and cautions of OTC drugs sold, and publish the resulting federal documents. In 1977, a larger and more formal organization, including the OTC drug review Department of CDER, was established. However, at that time, most of the new drug related issues (including reclassification and application) were handled in a new drug Department of the center for drug evaluation and research, rather than by the OTC drug department< In 1991, OTC drug evaluation department was reorganized into OTC drug evaluation office. It enriches the work of the new drug review department responsible for processing new drug applications and prescription drug conversion. It includes a specialist reviewer, a medical reviewer and a drug policy officer. They were assigned to raise the issue of OTC drugs at the same time, such as the conversion of prescription drugs to OTC drugs, new OTC drugs, international coordination, and necessary monitoring of health care costs
2. Since the dissolution of the last OTC Drug Advisory Group in 1981, there has been no special advisory group to routinely examine OTC problems. In some cases, OTC ingredients are reviewed by a standing prescription drug care group< In 1991, FDA announced the establishment of an over-the-counter drug advisory committee to review and review the safety and effectiveness of OTC drugs, and to serve as a forum for exchange of opinions when converting all kinds of prescription drugs into over-the-counter drugs. A 10 member core Committee with extensive experience and professional knowledge has been established. Its members are experts in internal medicine, obstetrics and Gynecology, dermatology, epidemiology, pharmacy, clinical pharmacology, pediatrics and related professional fields. When discussing a specific topic, the core committee can absorb experts from other FDA committees who have expertise in this issue to participate in the discussion. For example, when considering local preparations, a number of dermatologists can be invited. The new committee also includes a consumer representative and a non voting instry liaison. The first meeting was held in December 1992 to consider the pharmaceutical effects of alcohol in OTC procts, and a smaller dose of drugs for oral use was set
in recent years, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has made new regulations on the labeling of OTC drugs in order to standardize the labeling of OTC drugs sold in the US market and rece the abuse of OTC drugs. It is estimated that 170000 patients are hospitalized each year e to the abuse of OTC drugs, resulting in the loss of about $7.5 billion in treatment costs. Researchers found that half of the cases of OTC abuse can be avoided by standardizing the label to strengthen the medication guidance for consumers. Regulation: the basic content of all OTC drugs must appear on the label in order, and the text should be easy to understand. The drug related contents that must appear on the label are: active ingredients; Usage; matters needing attention; Medication guidance; Adverse drug reactions and other information. The new regulations stipulate six different types of labels, which manufacturers can choose according to the shape and size of their procts. The law will be on trial for two years. FDA will also implement a plan to strengthen consumers' knowledge of OTC drugs, especially for children, special care workers and the elderly. The work will be jointly undertaken by the over-the-counter drug instry association and the National Association of drug chain stores.
5. OTC is the abbreviation of over the counter, which refers to over-the-counter drugs in the pharmaceutical instry. The Department of medical administration of the Ministry of health of our country defines OTC as follows: it is a kind of medicine that consumers can buy directly from pharmacies or pharmacies without the doctor's prescription, and it can be used safely without the guidance of medical professionals< In 1996, the Chinese government formally proposed the drug classification management, and in the same year, the Ministry of health led the establishment of OTC office. Since the establishment of Chejia drug administration in 1998, the safety supervision department of drug administration is responsible for OTC management. On July 22, 1999, China officially promulgated the "classification management measures for prescription drugs and non prescription drugs (Trial)", praising the first batch of national non prescription drugs catalogue (Western medicine part and Chinese patent medicine part)
because OTC drugs can be taken without the guidance of doctors, they are generally safe, effective, cheap and convenient. Relevant people specially summarized its characteristics as follows:
1. It does not need a doctor's prescription and is not used under the guidance and supervision of a doctor
2. Indication is a disease that patients can judge by themselves. The drug has definite curative effect, convenient and safe use, and rapid onset< Thirdly, it can relieve the discomfort of patients, relieve the initial symptoms of small diseases or prevent their deterioration, and also rece the symptoms of confirmed diseases or delay the development of symptoms< 4. It does not contain toxic or addictive substances, is not easy to accumulate in the body, does not proce drug resistance, and has low incidence of adverse reactions< 5. It can be stored under normal conditions with stable quality< 6. The specifications of over-the-counter drugs for different users are different, and the instructions are easy to understand, which can be used correctly under the guidance of labels and instructions
Red "OTC" denotes class a OTC and green "OTC" denotes class B OTC. Among them, class B over-the-counter drugs are safer.
because OTC drugs can be taken without the guidance of doctors, they are generally safe, effective, cheap and convenient. Relevant people specially summarized its characteristics as follows:
1. It does not need a doctor's prescription and is not used under the guidance and supervision of a doctor
2. Indication is a disease that patients can judge by themselves. The drug has definite curative effect, convenient and safe use, and rapid onset< Thirdly, it can relieve the discomfort of patients, relieve the initial symptoms of small diseases or prevent their deterioration, and also rece the symptoms of confirmed diseases or delay the development of symptoms< 4. It does not contain toxic or addictive substances, is not easy to accumulate in the body, does not proce drug resistance, and has low incidence of adverse reactions< 5. It can be stored under normal conditions with stable quality< 6. The specifications of over-the-counter drugs for different users are different, and the instructions are easy to understand, which can be used correctly under the guidance of labels and instructions
Red "OTC" denotes class a OTC and green "OTC" denotes class B OTC. Among them, class B over-the-counter drugs are safer.
6. OTC (over the counter) drugs, also known as over-the-counter drugs, have been recognized by FDA as "over the counter drugs". At present, there are nearly 40o and OOo drugs sold in the United States, of which more than 300000 are OTC drugs. In the United States, there are two main channels for obtaining drugs: prescription drugs based on doctors' prescriptions or 0tc drugs purchased directly by consumers
the increase in health care costs and the emergence of safer and more effective OTC in the United States have enabled patients to self treat their diseases, which in the past had to resort to professional medical care. This trend has increased the access to previously prescribed drugs, as some of them have been included in the scope of over-the-counter drugs. These over-the-counter drugs provide consumers with a wider range of choices and opportunities<
the first major federal regulation in the United States aimed at regulating drugs was the Federal Food and Drug Act of 1906, but it was not until the federal food, drug and cosmetic act of 1938 that the safety of drugs was legally limited. Since 1933, the legislative work of this new law has been under consideration. Just because of the use of this newly sold aminobenzene sulfonamide elixir mixed with toxic solvent glycol, more than 100 people died, many of them children. This event eventually led to the formation of the law. The federal food, drug, and cosmetic act of 1938 requires that all new drug procts put on the market after 1938 should be proved to be safe for human use before they are sold. According to the requirements commonly known as the original clause, procts put on the market before 1938 are not subject to the new drug application (NDA) clause. However, some OTC drugs currently on sale, such as aspirin, are still affected by this provision. In addition, when reviewing OTC drugs, FDA has reviewed the safety, effectiveness and labeling of all OTC drugs, no matter when the date of sale is. In the whole process of new drug application in the United States, prescription drugs can be reclassified as OTC drugs and retain their status as new drugs. It can also directly approve new drug applications for OTC drugs (without reclassification), such as 2 O mg of isopropyl propionate (dosage never used in the prescription). When a new drug is used by many patients for many years, it can be seen as generally acknowledged as safe and effective. OTC drugs that have passed the FDA's review can also be fully recognized. At the completion of the review, all OTC drugs not approved as new drugs will be classified as OTC drug monographs (see the meaning of "OTC monographs")
before the review of OTC drugs began in 1972, no FDA subordinate unit specifically dealt with OTC drugs currently sold. Initially, FDA officials helped Advisory review teams review the ingredients, labels, and cautions of OTC drugs sold, and publish the resulting federal documents. In 1977, a larger and more formal organization, including the OTC drug review Department of CDER, was established. However, at that time, most of the new drug related issues (including reclassification and application) were handled in a new drug Department of the center for drug evaluation and research, rather than by the OTC drug department< In 1991, OTC drug evaluation department was reorganized into OTC drug evaluation office. It enriches the work of the new drug review department responsible for processing new drug applications and prescription drug conversion. It includes a specialist reviewer, a medical reviewer and a drug policy officer. They were assigned to raise the issue of OTC drugs at the same time, such as the conversion of prescription drugs to OTC drugs, new OTC drugs, international coordination, and necessary monitoring of health care costs
2. Since the dissolution of the last OTC Drug Advisory Group in 1981, there has been no special advisory group to routinely examine OTC problems. In some cases, OTC ingredients are reviewed by a standing prescription drug care group< In 1991, FDA announced the establishment of an over-the-counter drug advisory committee to review and review the safety and effectiveness of OTC drugs, and to serve as a forum for exchange of opinions when converting all kinds of prescription drugs into over-the-counter drugs. A 10 member core Committee with extensive experience and professional knowledge has been established. Its members are experts in internal medicine, obstetrics and Gynecology, dermatology, epidemiology, pharmacy, clinical pharmacology, pediatrics and related professional fields. When discussing a specific topic, the core committee can absorb experts from other FDA committees who have expertise in this issue to participate in the discussion. For example, when considering local preparations, a number of dermatologists can be invited. The new committee also includes a consumer representative and a non voting instry liaison. The first meeting was held in December 1992 to consider the pharmaceutical effects of alcohol in OTC procts, and a smaller dose of drugs for oral use was set
in recent years, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has made new regulations on the labeling of OTC drugs in order to standardize the labeling of OTC drugs sold in the US market and rece the abuse of OTC drugs. It is estimated that 170000 patients are hospitalized each year e to the abuse of OTC drugs, resulting in the loss of about $7.5 billion in treatment costs. Researchers found that half of the cases of OTC abuse can be avoided by standardizing the label to strengthen the medication guidance for consumers. Regulation: the basic content of all OTC drugs must appear on the label in order, and the text should be easy to understand. The drug related contents that must appear on the label are: active ingredients; Usage; matters needing attention; Medication guidance; Adverse drug reactions and other information. The new regulations stipulate six different types of labels, which manufacturers can choose according to the shape and size of their procts. The law will be on trial for two years. FDA will also implement a plan to strengthen consumers' knowledge of OTC drugs, especially for children, special care workers and the elderly. The work will be jointly undertaken by the over-the-counter drug instry association and the National Association of drug chain stores
References: http://www.cintcm.ac.cn/%D6%D0%D2%BD%D2%A9%B0%D9%BF%C6/OTC.htm
the increase in health care costs and the emergence of safer and more effective OTC in the United States have enabled patients to self treat their diseases, which in the past had to resort to professional medical care. This trend has increased the access to previously prescribed drugs, as some of them have been included in the scope of over-the-counter drugs. These over-the-counter drugs provide consumers with a wider range of choices and opportunities<
the first major federal regulation in the United States aimed at regulating drugs was the Federal Food and Drug Act of 1906, but it was not until the federal food, drug and cosmetic act of 1938 that the safety of drugs was legally limited. Since 1933, the legislative work of this new law has been under consideration. Just because of the use of this newly sold aminobenzene sulfonamide elixir mixed with toxic solvent glycol, more than 100 people died, many of them children. This event eventually led to the formation of the law. The federal food, drug, and cosmetic act of 1938 requires that all new drug procts put on the market after 1938 should be proved to be safe for human use before they are sold. According to the requirements commonly known as the original clause, procts put on the market before 1938 are not subject to the new drug application (NDA) clause. However, some OTC drugs currently on sale, such as aspirin, are still affected by this provision. In addition, when reviewing OTC drugs, FDA has reviewed the safety, effectiveness and labeling of all OTC drugs, no matter when the date of sale is. In the whole process of new drug application in the United States, prescription drugs can be reclassified as OTC drugs and retain their status as new drugs. It can also directly approve new drug applications for OTC drugs (without reclassification), such as 2 O mg of isopropyl propionate (dosage never used in the prescription). When a new drug is used by many patients for many years, it can be seen as generally acknowledged as safe and effective. OTC drugs that have passed the FDA's review can also be fully recognized. At the completion of the review, all OTC drugs not approved as new drugs will be classified as OTC drug monographs (see the meaning of "OTC monographs")
before the review of OTC drugs began in 1972, no FDA subordinate unit specifically dealt with OTC drugs currently sold. Initially, FDA officials helped Advisory review teams review the ingredients, labels, and cautions of OTC drugs sold, and publish the resulting federal documents. In 1977, a larger and more formal organization, including the OTC drug review Department of CDER, was established. However, at that time, most of the new drug related issues (including reclassification and application) were handled in a new drug Department of the center for drug evaluation and research, rather than by the OTC drug department< In 1991, OTC drug evaluation department was reorganized into OTC drug evaluation office. It enriches the work of the new drug review department responsible for processing new drug applications and prescription drug conversion. It includes a specialist reviewer, a medical reviewer and a drug policy officer. They were assigned to raise the issue of OTC drugs at the same time, such as the conversion of prescription drugs to OTC drugs, new OTC drugs, international coordination, and necessary monitoring of health care costs
2. Since the dissolution of the last OTC Drug Advisory Group in 1981, there has been no special advisory group to routinely examine OTC problems. In some cases, OTC ingredients are reviewed by a standing prescription drug care group< In 1991, FDA announced the establishment of an over-the-counter drug advisory committee to review and review the safety and effectiveness of OTC drugs, and to serve as a forum for exchange of opinions when converting all kinds of prescription drugs into over-the-counter drugs. A 10 member core Committee with extensive experience and professional knowledge has been established. Its members are experts in internal medicine, obstetrics and Gynecology, dermatology, epidemiology, pharmacy, clinical pharmacology, pediatrics and related professional fields. When discussing a specific topic, the core committee can absorb experts from other FDA committees who have expertise in this issue to participate in the discussion. For example, when considering local preparations, a number of dermatologists can be invited. The new committee also includes a consumer representative and a non voting instry liaison. The first meeting was held in December 1992 to consider the pharmaceutical effects of alcohol in OTC procts, and a smaller dose of drugs for oral use was set
in recent years, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has made new regulations on the labeling of OTC drugs in order to standardize the labeling of OTC drugs sold in the US market and rece the abuse of OTC drugs. It is estimated that 170000 patients are hospitalized each year e to the abuse of OTC drugs, resulting in the loss of about $7.5 billion in treatment costs. Researchers found that half of the cases of OTC abuse can be avoided by standardizing the label to strengthen the medication guidance for consumers. Regulation: the basic content of all OTC drugs must appear on the label in order, and the text should be easy to understand. The drug related contents that must appear on the label are: active ingredients; Usage; matters needing attention; Medication guidance; Adverse drug reactions and other information. The new regulations stipulate six different types of labels, which manufacturers can choose according to the shape and size of their procts. The law will be on trial for two years. FDA will also implement a plan to strengthen consumers' knowledge of OTC drugs, especially for children, special care workers and the elderly. The work will be jointly undertaken by the over-the-counter drug instry association and the National Association of drug chain stores
References: http://www.cintcm.ac.cn/%D6%D0%D2%BD%D2%A9%B0%D9%BF%C6/OTC.htm
7. OTC is the abbreviation of over the counter, which refers to over-the-counter drugs in the pharmaceutical instry. The definition of over-the-counter drugs by the Ministry of health of our country is as follows: it is the drugs that consumers can buy directly from pharmacies or pharmacies without the doctor's prescription, and it can be used safely without the guidance of medical professionals. Over the counter drugs originated from treason for more than 60 years. It is the proct of people's increasing awareness of self-care and self medication. In 1996, the Chinese government formally put forward the drug classification management. In the same year, the Ministry of health led and seven ministries and commissions jointly established the OTC office. Since the establishment of Chejia drug administration in 1998, the safety supervision department of drug administration is responsible for OTC management. On July 22, 1999, China officially promulgated the "administrative measures for classification of prescription drugs and non prescription drugs (Trial)", praising the first batch of national non prescription drugs catalogue (Western medicine part and Chinese patent medicine part). The "administrative measures" will be implemented as follows from January 1, 2000. As Shandong Province and Jinan City have not been included in the pilot provinces and cities of drug classification management method, people's response to OTC is relatively flat. However, the relevant discussion plan has also been published. Because OTC drugs can be taken without the guidance of doctors, they are generally safe, effective, cheap and convenient. Relevant people in our city specially summarize its characteristics as follows: first, it does not need a doctor's prescription and is not used under the guidance and supervision of doctors. 2、 Indication is a disease that patients can judge by themselves. The drug has definite curative effect, convenient and safe use, and rapid onset. 3、 In general, it can relieve the discomfort of patients, relieve the initial symptoms of small diseases or prevent their deterioration, and also rece the diagnosed symptoms or delay the development of symptoms. 4、 It does not contain toxic or addictive substances, is not easy to accumulate in the body, does not proce drug resistance, and has low incidence of adverse reactions. 5、 The quality is stable when stored under normal conditions. 6、 The specifications of OTC drugs for different users are different. The instructions are easy to understand and can be used correctly under the guidance of labels and instructions.
8. In order to ensure the safety, effectiveness and convenience of people's drug use, according to the decision of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on health reform and development, the State Drug Administration and the Ministry of Health jointly studied and decided to implement the classified management of prescription drugs and non prescription drugs, and divided the drugs into two categories: prescription drugs and non prescription drugs
OTC, short for over the counter, means that some drugs do not need a doctor's prescription and can be purchased directly by patients and their families, so that minor and chronic diseases can be cured or relieved in time. The over-the-counter drug system was established earlier in developed countries and some developing countries, as long as 40 or 50 years, and as short as 20 or 30 years. According to statistics, about 40% of the drugs in the world belong to the scope of self medication
in terms of the scope of over-the-counter drugs abroad, there are cold drugs, analgesics, cough drugs, throat lozenges, digestive AIDS, anti gastric acid drugs and anti-inflammatory drugs, vitamins, anti intestinal insect drugs, tonics, contraceptives, laxatives, topical drugs and skin care and health care drugs
characteristics:
since OTC is a drug that does not need a doctor's prescription and is purchased and used by patients or their families, what characteristics should it have? Scope of application: mainly common or seasonal mild diseases, obvious symptoms, patients and their families are easy to judge by themselves, and can accurately purchase drugs
application safety: according to the existing data and clinical experience, it is a drug with high safety. The performance is gentle, and it only needs to be used according to the conventional dose, without side effects. If there is a general reaction, the patient will be aware of it and can tolerate it. It is temporary. After stopping the drug, it will subside quickly. Even if it is used continuously for many days, it will not be addicted. It has no potential toxicity and will not cause cumulative toxic reaction e to excessive absorption and less excretion of drugs in the body
definite curative effect: the drug has strong pertinence, clear indications, and is easy to be mastered and felt by patients; During the treatment, there is no need to adjust the dose frequently, let alone special monitoring; After a long period of application, the body will not proce tolerance, and there will be no phenomenon that the more the dosage of drugs used, the greater the effect. At the same time, the drug will not cover up other diseases
reliable quality: the physicochemical properties of the drug are relatively stable, and it is not easy to deteriorate for a long time (such as more than 2 years) under general storage conditions. The storage conditions, expiration date and batch number should be clearly marked when the drugs are sold. The packaging should also meet the specified requirements
detailed instructions: drug instructions and drug packaging instructions should be detailed, practical and accurate, and the words should be easy to understand
easy to use: oral, external, inhalation and other dosage forms that are convenient for patients to use. If it is to be used in different doses, it needs to be simple, clear and easy to master. In addition, drug prices should be reasonable and easy to be accepted by patients and their families
the drugs with strong pharmacological effects, which are used to treat serious diseases and are easy to cause side effects are still limited to prescription drugs. The patients must go to the hospital, get the drugs according to the prescription after the doctor's definite diagnosis, and use them under the guidance or supervision of the medical staff. For example, antiepileptic drugs, antipsychotics, antihypertensive drugs, drugs for coronary heart disease, antibacterial drugs for infectious diseases, and all kinds of drugs used by injection are not allowed to be sold in pharmacies, pharmacies or supermarkets, so as to prevent poisoning caused by improper application and endanger people's lives.
OTC, short for over the counter, means that some drugs do not need a doctor's prescription and can be purchased directly by patients and their families, so that minor and chronic diseases can be cured or relieved in time. The over-the-counter drug system was established earlier in developed countries and some developing countries, as long as 40 or 50 years, and as short as 20 or 30 years. According to statistics, about 40% of the drugs in the world belong to the scope of self medication
in terms of the scope of over-the-counter drugs abroad, there are cold drugs, analgesics, cough drugs, throat lozenges, digestive AIDS, anti gastric acid drugs and anti-inflammatory drugs, vitamins, anti intestinal insect drugs, tonics, contraceptives, laxatives, topical drugs and skin care and health care drugs
characteristics:
since OTC is a drug that does not need a doctor's prescription and is purchased and used by patients or their families, what characteristics should it have? Scope of application: mainly common or seasonal mild diseases, obvious symptoms, patients and their families are easy to judge by themselves, and can accurately purchase drugs
application safety: according to the existing data and clinical experience, it is a drug with high safety. The performance is gentle, and it only needs to be used according to the conventional dose, without side effects. If there is a general reaction, the patient will be aware of it and can tolerate it. It is temporary. After stopping the drug, it will subside quickly. Even if it is used continuously for many days, it will not be addicted. It has no potential toxicity and will not cause cumulative toxic reaction e to excessive absorption and less excretion of drugs in the body
definite curative effect: the drug has strong pertinence, clear indications, and is easy to be mastered and felt by patients; During the treatment, there is no need to adjust the dose frequently, let alone special monitoring; After a long period of application, the body will not proce tolerance, and there will be no phenomenon that the more the dosage of drugs used, the greater the effect. At the same time, the drug will not cover up other diseases
reliable quality: the physicochemical properties of the drug are relatively stable, and it is not easy to deteriorate for a long time (such as more than 2 years) under general storage conditions. The storage conditions, expiration date and batch number should be clearly marked when the drugs are sold. The packaging should also meet the specified requirements
detailed instructions: drug instructions and drug packaging instructions should be detailed, practical and accurate, and the words should be easy to understand
easy to use: oral, external, inhalation and other dosage forms that are convenient for patients to use. If it is to be used in different doses, it needs to be simple, clear and easy to master. In addition, drug prices should be reasonable and easy to be accepted by patients and their families
the drugs with strong pharmacological effects, which are used to treat serious diseases and are easy to cause side effects are still limited to prescription drugs. The patients must go to the hospital, get the drugs according to the prescription after the doctor's definite diagnosis, and use them under the guidance or supervision of the medical staff. For example, antiepileptic drugs, antipsychotics, antihypertensive drugs, drugs for coronary heart disease, antibacterial drugs for infectious diseases, and all kinds of drugs used by injection are not allowed to be sold in pharmacies, pharmacies or supermarkets, so as to prevent poisoning caused by improper application and endanger people's lives.
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