Blockchain global index GBI

1.

blockchain is a new application mode of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies. Blockchain is an important concept of bitcoin,

in essence, it is a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated by using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of information of bitcoin network transactions, Used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block

extended data

most blockchain public chains are limited by scalability. The biggest feature of blockchain technology is decentralization, which requires that all accounts in the network need to deal with the accounting process. Distributed accounting has high security, low misoperation rate, political neutrality and correctness

however, blockchain technology embraces these features at the same time, sacrificing scalability, unable to meet the personalized supervision, and slightly insufficient in protecting data privacy. Moreover, with the increase of the number of ledger, the interaction delay will increase exponentially, that is to say, the more ledger in the blockchain network, the higher the delay

2. Moving average, Ma for short, originally means moving average. Because we make it linear, it is generally called moving average, Ma for short. It divides the sum of the closing prices of a period by the period. For example, the daily Ma5 refers to the sum of the closing prices in five days and then divided by 5. Moving average was proposed by Joseph E. Granville, a famous American investment expert, in the mid-20th century. Moving average theory is one of the most widely used technical indicators today. It helps traders to confirm the existing trend, judge the trend that will appear, and find the trend that is about to reverse<

MACD is called the moving average of similarities and differences, which is developed from the double index moving average. The fast line dif is obtained by subtracting the slow index moving average (ema26) from the fast index moving average (ema12), and then 2 × Fast line dif-dif's 9-day weighted moving average (DEA) obtained MACD column. The significance of MACD is basically the same as that of double moving average, that is, the dispersion and aggregation of fast and slow moving average represent the current long short state and the possible development trend of stock price, but it is more convenient to read. When MACD turns from negative to positive, it's a buy signal. When MACD turns from positive to negative, it's a sell signal. When MACD changes from a large angle, it means that the gap between the fast moving average and the slow moving average widens very quickly, which represents the change of a market trend.

3. The index of bitcoin period token is his interest, or his interest, indicating how much money you earn?

4.

If you want to understand the application of blockchain, you can refer to many books and opinions, such as illustrated blockchain, blockchain: reshaping the economy and the world, blueprint and guide of new economy, and articles of coin'an community, including a detailed understanding of the platform of coin'an community, with great strength

As the name suggests, blockchain is composed of block and chain. It is a new application mode of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and so on. It is a kind of chain data structure that combines data blocks in order according to the time sequence, and it is a secure and reliable distributed account book that can not be tampered with and forged by means of cryptography

in 2008, in his paper bitcoin: a peer-to-peer e-cash system published by Nakamoto, he first proposed the idea of blockchain and encrypted digital currency. Starting from bitcoin, blockchain has become the underlying technology of various digital currencies

Second, the working principle of blockchain:

1. The basic concepts include: (1) transaction: one operation will change the account status once, such as adding a record 2) Block: records the transaction and status data within a specified time, which is a consensus and preservation of the current account status 3) Chain: it is composed of a series of blocks in chronological order, which is the log record of the whole state change. If you understand the working concept of blockchain, it is not difficult to understand its working principle. Suppose there is a distributed data logbook, which can only be added, not deleted or changed. Its structure is a linear chain formed by a series of "blocks" (which is also the source of the name of "blockchain"), and new data must be put into a new block to be added, The maintenance node can propose a new block, but it must go through a certain consensus mechanism to reach an agreement on the final selected block

2. Take bitcoin as an example to see the working principle of blockchain

the block of bitcoin is divided into block head and block body

Core advantages and characteristics of blockchain

1. The verification, accounting, storage, maintenance and transmission of decentralized blockchain data are all based on distributed system structure. There is no centralized hardware or management organization, and the rights and obligations of any node are equal, The data blocks in the system are jointly maintained by the nodes with maintenance function in the whole system. 2. The open and transparent system is open. In addition to the private information of all parties to the transaction is encrypted, the data of the blockchain is open to all. Anyone can query the blockchain data and develop related applications through the open interface, so the information of the whole system is highly transparent. 3. Security blockchain uses consensus based specifications and Protocols (such as a set of open and transparent algorithms) to enable all nodes in the whole system to exchange data freely and safely in a de trusted environment, so that the trust in "people" is changed into the trust in machines, and any human intervention does not work. 4. Information cannot be tampered with. Once the information is verified and added to the blockchain, it will be stored permanently. Unless more than 51% (almost impossible) nodes in the system can be controlled at the same time, the modification of the database on a single node is invalid. Therefore, the data stability and reliability of the blockchain are extremely high. 5. Anonymity because the exchange between nodes follows a fixed algorithm, and its data interaction does not need trust (the program rules in the blockchain will judge whether the activity is effective or not). Therefore, the counterparties do not need to let the counterparties generate their own trust by disclosing their identities, which is very helpful for credit accumulation

At present, the most popular classification of blockchain is to divide blockchain into public blockchain, private blockchain and consortium blockchain according to different participants

1. Public chain: anyone can participate in the use and maintenance, and can obtain the effective confirmation of the blockchain. Public chain is the earliest blockchain and the most widely used blockchain at present, such as bitcoin blockchain. The information is completely public

if the licensing mechanism is introced, it includes private chain and alliance chain. 2. Private chain: a company or indivial only uses the blockchain technology, enjoys the exclusive write permission of the blockchain, and does not disclose the information. At present, conservative giants (traditional finance) want to experiment with private blockchain, and the application procts of private blockchain are still groping. 3. Alliance chain: it is a blockchain between the public chain and the existing chain, which is jointly controlled by multiple organizations. The use of the chain is managed with authority, which can be controlled by the manager, and also open to others according to the manager's wishes. In addition, according to the different use scenarios and purposes of blockchain, it can be divided into currency chain for the purpose of digital currency, property chain for the purpose of recording property rights, and crowdfunding chain for the purpose of crowdfunding

On May 28, Ma Huateng, CEO of Tencent, proposed the anti-counterfeiting method based on cloud integrated blockchain technology, which is far more efficient than traditional anti-counterfeiting methods. The future anti-counterfeiting verification scenario may only require users to use their mobile phones for simple scanning, and a large number of complete information based on different dimensions can be obtained

take Maotai liquor as an example:

distillery address, proction workshop, operation staff, inspector, delivery time, transportation vehicle information and driver information,

liquor year, raw material source, raw material supplier, storage warehouse number, raw material transportation vehicle and driver information,

all information can be accurately traced, permanently recorded and tampered with

the above information can be easily verified

2. Food safety issues as early as last November, Wal Mart has cooperated with IBM to track the source of food by using blockchain technology, so as to ensure the safety of food and increase the circulation of food to rece costs. For Wal Mart and other large supermarkets, it took a few days to investigate the source of problem food, After using this technology, only one item of proct information is needed to achieve accurate traceability, and important information such as food origin, inspector, supplier, logistics and transportation can quickly find problems in a few minutes. Currently, procts tracked by blockchain include packaging procts from the United States and pork from China

3. Information security

blockchain technology is promoting an information security technology revolution. (1) identity protection PKI is a common public key encryption technology in e-mail, message application, website and other communication applications. However, since the implementation of most PKI, the centralized trusted third party certification authority (CA) is used to issue, activate and store user certificates. Hackers can attack PKI to fake user identity or crack encrypted information

certcoin is the first PKI implementation of blockchain, which comes from MIT, removes the centralized authentication center, and uses blockchain as a distributed ledger for domain name and public key

pomcor company: blockchain PKI implementation path: keep the authentication center, and use blockchain to store the hash value of issued and activated certificates. Users can verify the authenticity of certificates through decentralized and transparent sources, and can also improve the network access performance through local authentication of secret key and signature based on blockchain

(2) data integrity protection

guardtime developed a secret key free signature architecture (Ksi) based on blockchain technology to replace the secret key based data authentication technology. Ksi stores the hash table of the original data and files on the blockchain, runs the hash algorithm to verify other copies, and compares the results with the data stored in the blockchain. Any data tampering will be found quickly because the original hash table is stored in millions of nodes

(3) key infrastructure protection

the "Achilles heel" of the Internet, DDoS has entered the TB era, DDoS is still the simplest weapon for hackers to bring down the big target with low cost, DNS service is the primary target for hackers to carry out large-scale destruction, but blockchain technology is expected to fundamentally solve the problem

The distributed storage of

blockchain makes hacker attacks lose focus. Nebulis is developing a distributed DNS system, which uses Ethereum blockchain and interstellar Internet file system (IPFs, the distributed substitute of HTTP) to register and resolve domain names. The biggest weakness of DNS is caching, which makes DDoS attacks possible. It is also the bane of the centralized government's censorship of social networks and manipulation of DNS registration. A highly transparent and distributed DNS system can effectively prevent any entity, including the government, from arbitrarily manipulating records

(1) digital currency: improve the convenience of currency issuance and use, such as bitcoin and Ethernet in foreign countries, and guorenbao in China

from the use of physical transactions, to physical currency and credit currency, and then to the rise of bitcoin network, more and more people are aware of the distributed ledger blockchain technology behind it, and graally apply it in many scenarios other than digital currency

(2) cross border payment and settlement: realize point-to-point transaction, rece intermediate fees

transfer and payment. At present, the most mature application of blockchain technology is payment and transfer. Blockchain technology can avoid complicated systems, save the process of inter-bank reconciliation and review, and accelerate the settlement speed; Virtual currency can rece transaction costs without the intervention of clearing house. Different countries have different clearing proceres. It takes two or three days for a single remittance to arrive, which is inefficient and accounts for a large proportion of funds in transit. No longer through the third party, through the blockchain technology to form point-to-point payment. By eliminating the link of the third-party institutions, we can make full day payment, real-time payment, withdraw cash quickly and rece the hidden cost, which helps to avoid the capital risk. It is timely and convenient

(3) bills and supply chain financial business: rece human intervention, rece costs and operational risks

value transfer between point-to-point, control and verify physical bills or central system; Intermediaries will be eliminated and human intervention reced. With the improvement of efficiency, financing channels are more unblocked, risks are lower, and multiple parties benefit

(4) securities issuance and Trading: realize quasi real-time asset transfer, accelerate the speed of transaction clearing

the application of blockchain technology can make the process of securities trading more concise, transparent and fast, rece the plication of IT system, and improve the efficiency of market operation. For stocks, blockchain can eliminate paper and pen or electronic form records, rece human errors in trading, and improve the transparency and traceability of trading platform. Citigroup and Nasdaq cooperate to promote blockchain applications

(5) customer credit investigation and anti fraud: rece the cost of legal compliance, prevent financial crimes

the customer information and transaction records recorded in the blockchain help banks identify abnormal transactions and effectively prevent fraud. The technical characteristics of blockchain can change the existing credit reference system, and store the data of customers with bad records in the blockchain when the bank concts "know your customer" (KYC)

equity crowdfunding:

5. Block chain technology is considered to be the fifth core technology most likely to lead to disruptive revolution. After the stage of chaos and bubble period, with the intervention of national policies and the implementation of relevant supervision, +B39 will graally take the lead and develop in a healthy direction.
in 2017, blockchain became the focus all over the world. If at the beginning, the emergence of blockchain made people in the instry excited, and the ordinary people took an indifferent attitude and just ate melon Road, now it can be said that blockchain has quickly and deeply entered the public field of vision
the concept of blockchain was proposed by Nakamoto in 2008. It has the characteristics of decentralization, non tampering, traceability and so on, attracting many investors to participate in it. Blockchain has graally entered into various instries, which has brought considerable changes as well as some adverse effects
through the collection and collation of relevant data of China's blockchain instry, analysts analyzed and discussed the development trend of China's blockchain instry. The rising trend of blockchain popularity is obvious. From the network index trend chart of blockchain and digital currency in the past six months, it can be seen that the popularity of blockchain only increases, and even rises explosively by the end of 2017. According to the trend chart, it can be predicted that the growth of blockchain network index will show a gentle trend in the near future
the network index of digital currency closely related to blockchain is not much different from that of blockchain before 2018. That's because the popularity of blockchain ignites the value of bitcoin, and many people take the opportunity to follow suit, which makes the market once chaotic. Since the beginning of 2018, the network index of blockchain has far exceeded that of digital currency. This change shows that more people are focusing on blockchain, which will be more concive to the healthy development of blockchain technology
as the value of digital currency represented by bitcoin doubled, ICO came into being. ICO financing mode is similar to and different from the traditional IPO Financing Mode. It can open the global market and get more development opportunities. However, e to many people's ulterior motives and the fact that ICO does not go through any strict review process at present, the ICO market is in chaos. The positive and negative effects of ICO also make various countries hold different attitudes in the face of this mixed market
according to the attitude information table of some countries towards ICO, China and Japan have the most clear attitude. China has banned ICO projects and defined them as illegal financing; Japan allows ICO projects and takes the lead in establishing blockchain alliance; The Philippines, Russia, Canada and other countries adopt the mode of supervision and development, do not prohibit ICO projects, and actively build regulatory systems. The United States is a federal country, and the attitude of each state is different
it is worth mentioning that the attitude of Hong Kong and Macao of China towards ICO coincides with that of the mainland, while that of Taiwan is quite different. The person in charge of "Taiwan financial regulatory authority" promised to adopt a more friendly attitude and support enterprises to develop and adopt cryptocurrency and blockchain technology in Taiwan
the top 10 national blockchain platforms are mainly concentrated in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou
according to the national blockchain platform TOP10, bitmainland, Babbitt / blockyuan and fire coin net have taken the top three positions. The blockchain platforms of TOP10 are mainly concentrated in Beijing, most of which were launched earlier than 2016. Generally speaking, the development of blockchain has driven the development of related instries, and also set off a wave of entrepreneurship
the enterprises related to blockchain are mainly concentrated in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong, which are affected by the high barriers of blockchain technology. Beijing is rich in human resources and has a good entrepreneurial environment. Shanghai has a unique financial position and has the greatest possibility of incubating the most successful enterprises in the application of blockchain. Guangdong has a strong entrepreneurial atmosphere, which can attract relevant entrepreneurs and promote the landing of relevant enterprises. In addition, Hangzhou also benefited from its excellent Internet finance instry, and the blockchain instry performed well. With the development of blockchain, there will be more related enterprises in more cities< The heat of br/> block chain has also been reced, and a large number of official account have been generated. From the TOP10 official account of WeChat, we can see that the number one fan of "digital money trend maniac" has been estimated to be about 800000 in the past seven days, and second "Wang Chai block chain journal" predicted that the active fans are also close to 500 thousand people. The estimated number of fans who are close to 400 thousand is "third". The official account also shows that more and more people are paying attention to the block chain instry.
blockchain is becoming more and more popular. The average salary of related posts was 23800 yuan before November 2017, and it has reached 25800 yuan by 2018. According to the chart of skills requirements for blockchain positions, the most important is the commonly used development languages (go, C + +, Java). In addition, we also need to have sufficient understanding of cryptography, formula algorithm, and smart contract. In addition, there are also positions with relatively low operation threshold. In general, the talent gap in the blockchain instry is relatively large< Br/> block chain technology is considered to be the fifth core technology most likely to trigger disruptive revolution. After the stage of chaos and bubble period, with the intervention of national policies and the implementation of relevant regulation, it will graally take the right track and develop towards health. The development of br/> block chains will inevitably proce bubbles, but these bubbles will graally become controllable with the healthy development of block chains. The development prospects of block chains and the innovations they can bring are unpredictable. In the future, let's leave this stage to it and watch its performance< br/>

6.

China has started to establish a national standard for blockchain to promote the construction of blockchain standard system from top-level design, which is expected to be completed by the end of 2019 at the earliest

in this regard, Zhao Wu, founder of Beijing Huashun Xin'an Technology Co., Ltd., also said that although the blockchain has disruptive technology potential, we must realize that the blockchain is still in its infancy, far from reaching the stage of subverting the world

Yu Kequn stressed that the independent and controllable blockchain network is intended not to be controlled by others technically, but also to promote the healthy development of blockchain. Security is the future life of blockchain. Only its own security can make blockchain technology landing. This requires us to pay equal attention to the development of blockchain technology and its security attributes, even ahead of time

in this regard, Li Ming also said that an important part of the standard is the information security standard, which can also see the importance of security to blockchain technology. He also pointed out that the development of blockchain standards does not mean that it will rapidly promote the development of the instry, but give the instry certain guidance. Previously, China has suffered a lot in terms of international intellectual property rights and standards. In terms of blockchain, China has formed more than 200 patents in terms of international blockchain, and even stands in the forefront of world technology. Therefore, we also need to firmly grasp our right to speak

content source: Xinhuanet

7. Blockchain technology has three obvious characteristics: openness, security and uniqueness
openness mainly refers to that the stored information in the blockchain is completely open to all participants. This is mainly determined by the point-to-point network storage mode of the blockchain. In the blockchain network, each node can store a of the blockchain, and the uniqueness of the blockchain can ensure that the is exactly the same between different nodes
security mainly refers to that the information stored in the blockchain block is saved after being processed by digital encryption technology, and only the private key holder can decrypt the information to obtain the real information. Other members can only see and verify the integrity and uniqueness of information, but cannot see the real information
uniqueness is mainly e to the fact that the information on the blockchain cannot be tampered with once it is on the chain, so it is unique. Of course, the uniqueness here also includes the uniqueness in space, that is, all nodes have only one version of information, and also includes the uniqueness in time, that is, the historical data cannot be changed. This uniqueness also means that the blockchain maintains the characteristics of a unique main chain in the process of operation, and once other chains appear, it is a bifurcation. The emergence of bifurcation will lead to the plication of blockchain in two different spatial dimensions. Of course, to solve this problem, we need to set reasonable consensus rules to avoid. When the concept of blockchain was hot, many related top domain names were registered and used as blockchain platforms.