The basic principle and technical structure of blockchain

1. blockchain does not belong to any instry. Blockchain is a new application mode of computer technology, such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and so on. In a narrow sense, blockchain is a kind of chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential way according to the time sequence, and it is a distributed account book that can not be tampered with and forged by means of cryptography.

2.

From the perspective of technology and architecture, I will tell you my understanding of blockchain in common language

what is blockchain? In a word, blockchain is a storage system. To be more specific, blockchain is a distributed storage system without an administrator and each node has all the data

What are the common storage systems like

first, how to ensure high availability

the common storage system usually uses "rendancy" to solve the problem of high availability. As shown in the figure above, if the data can be copied into several copies and rendant to multiple places, high availability can be guaranteed. The data in one place is hung, and there is data in other places. For example, the master-slave cluster of MySQL is the same principle, and the raid of disk is also the same principle

two points need to be emphasized in this place are: data rendancy often leads to consistency problems

1. For example, in the master-slave cluster of MySQL, there is actually a delay in reading and writing, which means there is a inconsistency in reading and writing in a short period of time. This is a side effect of data rendancy

The second point is that data rendancy often reces the efficiency of writing, because data synchronization also consumes resources. If you add two slave libraries, the write efficiency will be affected. The common storage system is to use rendancy to ensure the high availability of data

so the second question, ordinary storage system, can write more

the answer is yes, for example, take this graph as an example:

in fact, MySQL can do a master-slave synchronization of al masters, master-slave synchronization of al masters, two nodes can be written at the same time. If you want to do a multi room multi live data center, in fact, multi room multi live data synchronization. What we should emphasize here is that multi-point writing often leads to the consistency problem of writing conflicts. Take MySQL as an example, suppose that the attribute of a table is self incrementing ID, then the data in the database is 1234 now. If one of the nodes writes and inserts a piece of data, it may become 5, and then these 5 pieces of data are synchronized to another master node, Before synchronization, if another write node inserts a piece of data, a piece of data with self incrementing ID of 5 will be generated. Then, after the generation, synchronize to another node, and the synchronized data will conflict with the two local 5's after it arrives, which will lead to synchronization failure and write consistency conflict. This problem will occur in the case of multi-point writing

how to ensure consistency in multi-point writing

the reform "Swan class" gives you more technical work

3. From the perspective of data, blockchain is a kind of distributed database or distributed shared general ledger. The "distributed" here is not only reflected in the distributed storage of data, but also reflected in the distributed records of data. From the perspective of effect, blockchain can generate a set of time sequence, tamper proof and trustworthy database
blockchain has four core technologies. The first one is block + chain, which is the most core and basic technology in blockchain. The second core technology is distributed structure. The ingenious design of blockchain structure is to let every node participating in data transaction record and store all data. The third core technology is asymmetric encryption algorithm, and the fourth core technology is script, which can be understood as a programmable smart contract.

4. Let's take bitcoin as an example:
blockchain is an important concept of bitcoin, which is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the underlying technology of bitcoin. Blockchain is a series of data blocks generated by cryptography. Each data block contains the information of a bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block
blockchain is public on the network and can be queried in every offline bitcoin wallet data. The function of bitcoin wallet depends on the confirmation with the blockchain. An effective inspection is called a confirmation. Usually, a transaction needs to obtain several confirmations. The lightweight bitcoin wallet uses online confirmation, that is, it will not download the blockchain data to the device storage
many of bitcoin's competitors also use the same design, but the workload proof and algorithm are slightly different. For example, the use of proof of interest and scrypt and so on
in addition, digital cryptocurrencies such as Laite coin, Ethereum, Weimeng coin, doggy coin and Ruitai coin also use blockchain technology.

5.

Seeing some answers to the debate on the definition of blockchain, I suddenly realize that my answer to this explanation principle has always been directed at bitcoin. There is no specific and unique answer in the instry between the definition of blockchain. Here I first summarize the characteristics of "blockchain" according to the papers I read:

1; Hash chain & quot There are several nodes participating in the system operation (distributed)

3. Reach a consensus on the consistency of basic data (consensus agreement / algorithm) through a certain protocol or algorithm

since bitcoin is currently one of the most typical and influential applications of blockchain, it will be much easier to understand how bitcoin uses blockchain before understanding other forms of blockchain applications

6.

What kind of blockchain technology is popular recently? Blockchain technology is considered to be the brightest star in financial technology, and it may continue to develop in the future. It has many characteristics, including data distribution, data trust and collective consensus mechanism, and most importantly, openness, transparency, anonymity and privacy, According to the data in the blockchain, we can get some basic information of contemporary society

blockchain technology is such a safe and scientific database. It can be simply understood as an authoritative database, in which the basic content is true, verified and audited by others. In terms of financial technology, it is very easy to find some desired data, which is very good for business people

7. The so-called blockchain technology is also known as distributed ledger technology. I am in oyuan.com