Specific application of blockchain in audit

1. Absrtact: blockchain technology is the underlying technology of bitcoin. Without any centralized organization operation and management, bitcoin has been running very stably for many years (perfectly for seven years), and there has been no problem (no missing account). Therefore, some people have noticed its underlying technology and abstracted bitcoin technology, which is called blockchain technology, Or distributed ledger technology
what is centralization

the so-called centralization means "ownership" or ownership by the company. For example, Tencent's q-coin, which is issued by Tencent, is a kind of centralized electronic currency, including the total amount and the issuing method, is supervised and controlled by Tencent. You can use it, trade and go shopping, but you always have to operate in the framework of Tencent, and the final right of interpretation belongs to Tencent

the issuing mode of bitcoin is preset by the program and encryption algorithm, and runs on multiple nodes all over the world. No one or organization can modify it (everyone has his own account book, so it is impossible for one person to control everyone's account book at the same time. If there is such a technology, why should it be so complicated, If you want to blackmail money into your account, you will be the richest man in the world. There is no one left, And it is not controlled by any single person or organization
take an example: for example, Lao Zhang borrows 100 yuan from Lao Li, but Lao Li is afraid that he will default, so he asks the village head to do notarization and write down the account. This is called centralization. But if you don't find the village head, you can use the loudspeaker to shout in the village: "I Lao Li lent Lao Zhang 100 yuan! Please put it in the account book. "We all put this account in our own account book. This is called decentralization
anyone who transfers money between them will release information through loudspeakers. After receiving the information, everyone will record the transaction in their own account book. With distributed ledgers, it doesn't matter if Lao Zhang or Lao Li's ledgers are lost, because Lao Zhao, Lao Ma, Lao Wang and other families have ledgers

the main advantages of blockchain are that it does not need intermediary participation, the whole process is open and transparent, and the cost is low, and the data security is high

at present, blockchain is in a stage where everyone talks about blockchain, but can't perceive its actual technical charm. Since 2017, it has graally come into our sight, and we have graally realized that bitcoin is more fierce than real estate speculation (the price of mining machinery has skyrocketed! The news is on the screen But I still don't know

so, in which fields can blockchain be applied, what kind of changes will it bring to our future life

the core key: everyone has an account book, everyone has an account book, and the information recorded in each person's account book is consistent and synchronous, and the information is completely transparent. If it is fake, it will be the public enemy of the whole people, which greatly increases the cost of data fraud

core key 2: decentralization, which does not need a central system to manage data, prevents some people from changing data and damages the interests of the majority of people

Application:

1. Account security and privacy protection: currency transfer, exchange, payment system. Blockchain can help prevent data manipulation and fraud, prevent distributed denial of service attacks (DDoS), and effectively protect users' network privacy. Key words: anti counterfeiting, anti-counterfeiting, loan payment

2. Copyright regulation and interest disputes: for example, when a song is downloaded, from the author to the procer and then to the singer, they can get payment in real time through the blockchain, without having to wait for a long time like the traditional way, or even get no reward e to right disputes. Instead of waiting for publishers to provide royalty checks, creators can freely control the process from publishing to payment through blockchain application. Key words: real time receipt, no property dispute

3. Internet of things + artificial intelligence: the intelligent devices in the Internet of things based on the blockchain will be used to monitor the real-time situation of urban infrastructure such as bridges, roads, power grids, etc. the blockchain can connect these intelligent devices together for unified management to help them monitor more efficiently. This will help people better understand how to build a smart city in the future. Key words: unified monitoring, intelligent city

4: proof of existence: in life, once you are asked to prove that you are you, that your mother is your mother, that you have never been married, that the house belongs to you, and so on, things seem very simple. Once it falls on you, it is a great trouble. The application of blockchain technology can perfectly solve the above embarrassment. At that time, all the information that belongs to you will be recorded accurately and can not be tampered with. No one has the right to change it. When the technology develops to a certain stage, birth certificate and marriage certificate may be recorded on the blockchain. Keywords: no keywords

in addition to the application scenarios mentioned above, blockchain technology can also be applied to e-commerce, data storage, logistics and other fields. As long as we grasp the characteristics of blockchain technology, it will become easy to understand.

2.

Blockchain technology is widely used. Under the integration of new technologies, the main application scenarios of blockchain include finance and insurance, intelligent manufacturing, intelligent environmental protection, energy and power, health care, ecation, culture and innovation, smart city, social welfare, agriculture and many other fields

1. blockchain + finance

   blockchain can help financial institutions solve problems such as trust and data sharing

3. blockchain + right art

   Tianhe Guoyun's blockchain right system

< / OL >



3. Blockchain + government

in statistics, voting, budget management and other aspects, blockchain can rece costs, improve efficiency, and increase transparency, so as to prevent the risk of failure of centralized system

4. Blockchain + insurance

fraud identification and risk prevention: by placing insurance claims under an unchangeable general ledger, blockchain helps to eliminate the common sources of fraud in the insurance instry

property insurance and accidental injury insurance: policies and shared ledgers recorded in the form of smart contracts can improve the efficiency of property insurance and accidental injury insurance

Health Insurance: blockchain technology enables medical records to be encrypted and shared among health service providers, thus improving the interoperability of the health insurance ecosystem

Reinsurance: the information security of reinsurance contracts on the blockchain platform can be ensured through the form of smart contracts, which can rece the amount of information and simplify the payment process between insurers and reinsurers

3.

A: the main application fields of blockchain technology are finance, Internet of things and logistics, public service, digital right, insurance and public welfare

First, in the field of finance,

blockchain has great potential application value in international exchange, letter of credit, equity registration, stock exchange and other financial fields

Second, the Internet of things and logistics

blockchain can also be naturally combined in the field of Internet of things and logistics. Through blockchain, we can rece logistics costs, trace the proction and delivery process of goods, and improve the efficiency of supply chain management

Third, in the field of public service, blockchain is closely related to people's proction and life in the fields of public management, energy and transportation. However, the centralization of these fields also brings some problems, which can be transformed by blockchain

Fourthly, in the field of digital right, through blockchain technology, works can be authenticated to prove the existence of text, video, audio and other works and ensure the authenticity and uniqueness of ownership

In the field of insurance, insurance institutions are responsible for fund collection, investment and claim settlement, and often have higher management and operation costs

Sixth, the data stored on the public welfare field

blockchain is highly reliable and tamperable, which is naturally suitable for social public welfare scenarios. The relevant information in the public welfare process, such as donation project, collection details, fund flow, recipient feedback, etc., can be stored on the blockchain, and can be made transparent and public, which is convenient for social supervision

4. Blockchain is a technical solution to collectively maintain a reliable database through centralization and distrust. This technical solution allows any number of nodes in the participating system to calculate and record all the information exchange data in the system in a period of time to a data block through cryptography algorithm, and generate the fingerprint of the data block for linking the next data block and checking. All participating nodes in the system jointly determine whether the record is true
blockchain can improve the way of data recording in audit. In the current network audit, although there is an early warning mechanism, it still needs auditors to judge and handle the abnormal records manually; Blockchain can automatically process the abnormal records through whether each node verifies and approves the block and the transaction information in it, whether the network node is attacked, and whether the account book of each node is complete, so as to make real-time audit possible. Auditors can directly access and query the effective information on the blockchain, judge whether the processing is reasonable and make corrections. In the blockchain, timestamps are used to record various transactions and operations, which can achieve historical traceability and tracking, and greatly improve the quality and efficiency of audit
blockchain can change the storage mode of audit data. In traditional audit, data are stored in an audit center server, which not only has the problems of high load and slow running speed, but also is vulnerable to attack; The blockchain audit system is a typical distributed storage, each node has the same backup, which can not only save the high cost and maintenance costs of the server, but also ensure the integrity of the data
semi public private chain can be used for audit. Blockchain can be divided into three forms: public chain, semi open private chain and full private chain. Considering the characteristics of audit instry, it is appropriate to adopt semi open private chain mode. For the audited units and enterprises, some trade secret information is not disclosed, but the pre selected nodes within the group decide the generation of the block. External suppliers can participate in the transaction but not the accounting process. Externally, it provides a third-party query node to query through the open API. In this way, it can not only ensure the internal privacy of the enterprise, but also enable the external auditors to implement real-time audit query.

5. Instry application of Newton
1) Chain retail: under the corporate organizational structure, capital gains have far exceeded labor gains. With the development of computer and Internet, a new generation of giant retail institutions accelerate the accumulation of wealth to capital. Chain business is the basic business model of human-computer community, and any behavior that has a positive contribution to human-computer community will be encouraged. The application of chain business model in the retail instry is concive to recing transaction costs, protecting consumer privacy and promoting intelligent cooperation
newmall: in the online mall of newmall, because there is no profitable commercial intermediary, the transaction cost of the seller will be greatly reced, and consumers, service providers and other participants can get the incentive of Newton's pass according to the contribution value (newforce)
new digital asset management: as a new digital asset of users, consumption data can be managed through tools such as newpay. Users really own the data, carry out authorization control, pricing and charging, and eliminate the data disclosure without knowledge
targeted advertising: users can set whether to accept marketing, as well as the required information type and price range through newpay and other tools. Advertisers set marketing plans through various marketing smart contract templates built into the system, including target users, incentive mode, settlement method, dynamic price adjustment rules, etc. Advertisers can accurately put in advertisements, make point-to-point settlement with users, and eliminate advertising fraud< br />2 Payment: the current payment cost is high, the efficiency is low, and the flexibility is poor. Through blockchain and other technologies, we can build a new generation of transaction and payment system. Internet of things devices based on newiot technology can access newchain at a very low cost. Smart contracts can be established between devices to realize automatic settlement and payment, meeting the high-frequency requirements in this scenario
Global Payment: through the global distribution of newchain infrastructure and newpay payment tools, cross-border transactions are simple and convenient, and the cost is extremely low
3) supply chain: goods are usually delivered to consumers through logistics, warehousing, customs clearance, sales and many other links. When there is after-sales service, there will be a corresponding reverse process. The current supply chain is basically opaque, and it is difficult for consumers to confirm the origin and circulation information of goods. For some instries, such as food, medicine and luxury goods, this is a big problem. Therefore, a transparent and credible supply chain system for all stakeholders is very important
through the combination of atomic hash, newiot, newchain and other technologies, the supply chain system will be credible, open and transparent, and generate more business innovation
4) self financing: the traditional financial service system has the characteristics of heavy workload, long cycle, high cost and poor flexibility, which is usually difficult to serve small and medium-sized enterprises and indivials. Through digital identity and credit, a new self financing system can be established
enterprise and indivial credit: enterprises and indivials establish a consistent credit system based on newid. Only after authorization, can a third party obtain credit records
Asset Securitization: through the smart contract template, financial organizations can create financial procts without human participation. Through the relevant token tools based on newchain, all kinds of assets can be easily valued or transformed into token on the chain
5) gaming: by combining with blockchain technology, a new game experience can be created: users are both players and rule participants, and virtual game assets are owned by users
automatic transaction of virtual game assets: through the cross chain and Oracle technology provided by newchain, the virtual items in various games can be easily recorded on the blockchain, and the automatic transaction can be realized
game with transparent rules: game developers can easily establish algorithm transparent game logic through newchain related smart contract tools to improve the fairness and transparency of the game
6) agriculture: Currently, there are many problems in agriculture, such as incomplete data and low degree of automation. Block chain combined with Internet of things technology can automatically collect, store and analyze proction data, save the high maintenance cost of centralized management system, rece the later maintenance cost, and help to improve the intelligent and large-scale level of agriculture
traceability of agricultural procts: by introcing the Internet of things equipment compatible with newiot standard into the process of agricultural means circulation, agricultural proction and agricultural procts sales, the safety and efficiency of the whole process of agricultural proction can be improved. Due to the non tampering characteristics of proction data, it can be widely used in scientific research and anti-counterfeiting purposes
intelligent planting: through the Internet of things sensor compatible with newiot standard, it can realize the all-weather monitoring of the planting environment and crop growth. Combined with newai, it can make intelligent decisions on the monitoring results, and build a complete set of intelligent planting system, which can discover risks in time, stabilize proction and increase income
7) public welfare: with its characteristics of decentralization, high transparency and tamper proof information, blockchain technology naturally meets the needs of the public welfare field. Public welfare organizations can store the whole process information from fund-raising, project progress, use of donation and feedback from recipients on newchain for the convenience of donors and the public< Public welfare audit: public welfare activities need public welfare audit to improve efficiency and maintain trust. Through newchain, newid and other technologies and agreements, every donation will be traceable. Public welfare institutions can track the later situation of the relief objects through relevant tools, which helps to enhance the fairness and transparency of public welfare
wildlife protection: using newiot technology, the data of rare wildlife resources can be recorded on newchain, so as to track the location, body index, etc. of each specific animal, providing key information help for migration scientific research tracking, combating poaching and trafficking.

6.

- original title: market analysis of China's blockchain instry in 2019: enabling various instries to accelerate the application landing, there will be two opportunities for future applications

2019 - blockchain "mainstream application year"

since August 2018, the electronic invoice of blockchain was issued for the first time in Shenzhen. So far, it has issued more than 6 million electronic invoices, with an amount of 4 billion yuan, and has access to more than 5300 enterprises, Covering more than 110 detailed instries. In addition to the field of electronic invoice, blockchain has also been successfully implemented in many project scenarios, such as supply chain finance, legal deposit, cross-border payment, etc.

at the recent "thousands of people watching fire" conference of blockchain instry, the reporter of economic daily learned that in 2019, the technology implementation and application has brought blockchain into the "mainstream application year". On the one hand, many Internet giants have a solid technical foundation, on the other hand, they actively explore more valuable scenarios to find development opportunities in the enabling real economy

"blockchain technology can play the role of anchoring, sharing and increasing trust in the whole social information flow, making the chaotic information credible. Compared with the past, this is a" qualitative leap. " Zhang Kaixiang, chief architect of Weizhong bank's blockchain, said, "risk control and business rules design based on trusted data can improve efficiency, rece risks and rece operating costs." He pointed out that as a connector, it is not meaningful for a single enterprise to operate the blockchain, and it is more meaningful to share it as an open source solution to realize the ecological co construction of the instry

"we have been exploring and practicing open source, starting from the underlying technology platform and combining with the scenes of finance, instry, Internet of things, culture and entertainment, to jointly build an open, transparent and efficient technology and instrial community. Open source ecology helps to activate the creativity of the instry. We will continue to start from the open source community and improve a complete set of systems such as system construction and skills training, so as to benefit more people. "

in 2019, the market scale of China's blockchain instry will exceed 100 million yuan

China's blockchain instry is still in its infancy, but with the continuous support of national policies, the continuous progress of instry technology and the increasing demand of downstream application fields, China's blockchain instry is expected to continue to maintain high-speed growth. According to the statistical data of in depth analysis report on business model innovation and investment opportunities of China's blockchain instry published by foresight Instry Research Institute, the market scale of China's blockchain instry was less than 6 million yuan in 2011, and the market scale of China's blockchain instry increased by 32 million yuan by 2017, By 2018, the market scale of China's blockchain instry has reached 67 million yuan, always maintaining a rapid growth rate of more than 80%. It is predicted that the market scale of China's blockchain instry will exceed 100 million yuan in 2019, and that in 2022, driven by policy support and downstream demand, the market scale of China's blockchain instry is expected to exceed 450 million yuan

market size statistics and growth forecast of China's blockchain instry from 2015 to 2022

data source: the audited enterprise asset confirmation, registration and circulation records, etc., sorted out by foresight Instry Research Institute, are stored on the platform in the form of traceability. Based on this, banks can carry out fast financing and loan business, save the cost of guarantee and other links, greatly improve the efficiency, and make the risk of financing and loan controllable as a whole

electronic data storage is an important application field of blockchain technology.

the provisions of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues concerning the trial of cases by Internet courts, which came into effect in September 2018, clearly states that electronic data storage can be solved by blockchain and other technical means. Xiang Dan, vice president of bibox digital asset trading platform, said that electronic data deposit is an important application field of blockchain technology“ Blockchain technology has the characteristics of preventing tampering, leaving traces in the event, post audit and security protection, which is concive to improving the credibility and authenticity of electronic evidence. The combination of blockchain and electronic data storage can rece the cost of electronic data storage, improve judicial efficiency and enable judicial business. For example, the contract management based on blockchain has been applied in many Internet courts. "

according to Zhou Jianrui, co founder of coinword, a trusted content community, the application of electronic data storage based on blockchain can also help deepen the reform of "release management and service" and improve administrative efficiency. In Beijing Haidian District and other pilot areas, blockchain technology is playing the role of efficient data sharing, secure transmission and credit support. When applied in the field of government affairs, it can realize real-time data sharing of various departments and effectively assist window personnel and examination and approval personnel to quickly verify the authenticity of materials. For example, the public security, civil affairs, housing management and other departments "on the chain", in dealing with real estate transactions can be fast and accurate, "one key" verification of multi-party information, greatly saving social costs

there will be two opportunities for the application of blockchain

because the social recognition of blockchain is not high, the people who understand and use blockchain are still very limited, and the penetration of blockchain into the real economy still needs a graal process. " Yuan Yuming, CEO of fire coin China, introced that they used the open, transparent and tamper proof characteristics of blockchain to explore a new path of art traceability and anti-counterfeiting by means of high-precision full pixel scanning and archiving; By constructing the trust mechanism in the multi-party cooperation scenario, the integral information platform for multi-party participation and resource sharing is developed“ Next, there will be two opportunities for blockchain application:

one is training. With the entry of enterprise giants one after another and the continuous penetration of the real instry, more people will learn about blockchain through training, which will become a new market demand

the second is to provide consulting and technical solutions to more traditional enterprises to help them penetrate the blockchain into more traditional fields and promote the consumption rection, efficiency enhancement, transformation and upgrading of the real instry. "