Cognitive blockchain 2000 word paper

1. Development status: now it should be everywhere, from the first tier cities to the third and fourth tier cities have relevant application cases. For example, the tax chain platform in the first tier city of Guangzhou, the SMIC blockchain public service platform in the second tier city of Changsha, and the blockchain electronic deposit certification platform in the third tier city of Haikou. Detailed network search can be done. Changsha, the SMIC platform, is a relatively comprehensive blockchain + government + public service platform.

2. With the development of the whole blockchain instry, it is impossible to go back to the past. bitcoin is far less likely to collapse than it is to reach $100000. Recently, a listed company has undergone earth shaking changes e to the application of a blockchain. Such a magic story will also stimulate more and more giant companies to pay attention to the blockchain, thus promoting the development of the whole instry. The Chicago Mercantile Exchange will launch the bitcoin futures contract in December, which may be another major turning point. It may mark a fundamental change in the game rules and market structure of the whole instry. Although we have missed the legend of bitcoin, from the perspective of the whole blockchain instry, it may be just the beginning to bring blockchain assets into our view of asset allocation.

3.

Blockchain is a kind of technology, which solves the core "trust" problem in the market economy and reces the trust cost between strangers to a very low level

there is one crucial thing in the market economy, which is "trust". Without trust, no deal can be established. When you go to LAICHANG to buy vegetables, if you don't believe that the pesticide content in vegetable is up to the standard, you won't trade with that dealer; If you buy a bottle of water in a small shop, the clerk will not sell you the water if he doesn't believe that the money you give is real

the traditional small-scale peasant economy is acquaintance economy, and the transaction scale is limited to people who are familiar with each other nearby. If an acquaintance deceives you, he will lose your social relationship and damage his reputation in the whole circle of acquaintances. We believe that acquaintances are less likely to cheat us than strangers

therefore, once we are beyond the scope of acquaintances, we need to use a high cost to identify whether a stranger will cheat me and how to avoid the risk of being cheated. This situation will hinder the transaction and restrict the transaction

in addition, different races, nationalities, cultures, religious beliefs and so on will naturally have this kind of trust problem

in the market economy, why can there be so many transactions between strangers? Because of the birth of a new mechanism to solve the problem of trust in strangers

so far, the most important mechanism to solve the trust problem is the "trust intermediary" organization and mode

as long as you and strangers trust a third-party organization, the trust problem between you can be solved through this third-party organization

this third-party organization, we call it trust intermediary. Both the government and the bank are trust intermediaries

you can sell the goods you have worked hard to proce to a stranger in exchange for a stack of RMB banknotes. It's because the credit of the note issuing bank and the guarantee of the authority of the government guarantee the currency value and effectiveness of the banknotes. Otherwise, sell things, in exchange for a few ordinary paper, who would like to

in the era of global village and Internet, the people who buy your things may be strangers who will not meet and thousands of miles away. Trust is lower, so Alipay assumes the role of trust intermediation. Buyers first pay the goods to Alipay's account. When they receive the goods, they confirm that they are OK, then they agree to sell the goods to the seller. Taobao and other e-commerce have been booming rapidly in just over ten years

trust intermediary is in a central position in the transaction system. All transactions should solve the trust problem through it

However, the cost of trust intermediary itself is often huge

as a trust intermediary, how much transaction tax does the government charge each year? What is the most profitable instry? Financial services. The annual profits of Alipay's ant suit are over ten billion. p> What does this mean? Both sides of the market actually pay a huge trust cost

if there is any way to cancel or greatly rece the trust cost, the transaction cost of the general public can be reced, and the profits can be greatly increased

so in the Internet era, blockchain technology is on the stage

it allows the trading party to get rid of the intermediary, solve the problem of trust among strangers, and greatly rece the cost of trust

the blockchain can be expanded on a large scale, the data is open and transparent, the data of each client is consistent, and even if some clients are destroyed, the data security will not be affected. These highly reliable technical features can solve the trust problem of strangers with low cost

this technology can be extended to all fields that can be digitized, such as digital currency, payment and clearing, digital bills, proof of rights and interests, credit reference, government services, medical records, etc

in the medium and long term, blockchain will be a revolutionary technology, which will bring about great social changes like the existing Internet, and has great investment value and money making opportunities

in the future, the companies that can combine blockchain with different scenarios to promote applications may be the next group of bat, the next Google, Microsoft and apple

as the first practical application of blockchain technology, bitcoin has been widely accepted and used all over the world. Millions of users and tens of thousands of merchants have accepted the payment of bitcoin as a digital currency, and the exchange value of bitcoin as a currency is growing. Even e to the consensus that the total amount is fixed and the long-term value is bullish, bitcoin has become a hedge asset similar to gold, and the price has skyrocketed

4. Blockchain and blockchain technology have been widely accepted and used by people, but they have little knowledge about blockchain and blockchain technology, and they are even at a loss about the working principle and operation mode of blockchain. Perhaps I've read many related reports, many professional terms, and I'm not very clear about them. Here, I'll explain them in a popular way
blockchain is a new application mode of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies
this is usually the summary of the professional reports, but what is the specific form
first of all, no matter how large a system or how small a website is, there is a database behind it. So who will maintain this database? In general, who is responsible for the operation of the network or system, then who is responsible for the maintenance
if it is wechat database, it must be maintained by Tencent team, and Taobao database is maintained by Alibaba team. We must think that this way is natural, but blockchain technology is not
secondly, blockchain technology is also known as distributed ledger technology. If we think of the database as a Book: for example, Alipay is a typical account book, any change of data is bookkeeping. We can think of database maintenance as a very simple way of accounting
in the world of blockchain, everyone in the blockchain system has the opportunity to participate in bookkeeping. The system will select the person with the fastest and best bookkeeping in 10 seconds or 10 minutes, and the person will record the changes of database and account book in a block
we can think of this block as a piece of paper. After confirming that the records are correct, the system will link the fingerprint of the data in the past account book to this piece of paper, and then send this piece of paper to all other people in the whole system. Then, over and over again, the system will look for the next person with fast and good bookkeeping, and everyone else in the system will get a of the whole ledger

as like as two peas, each computer has the same rights as the owner, and the whole system will not collapse e to the loss of contact or downtime by a single person.
as like as two peas in the book, it means that all data is transparent and open. Everyone can see what changes are in every account. Its very interesting feature is that the data can't be tampered with. Because the system will automatically compare, it will think that the same number of books with the largest number are real books, and a small number of books with different numbers are false books
in this case, it is meaningless for anyone to tamper with his own account book, because unless you can tamper with most nodes in the whole system. If there are only a few nodes in the whole system, it may be easy to do so. But if there are tens of thousands and hundreds of thousands of nodes and they are distributed in any corner of the Internet, unless someone can control most computers in the world, it is unlikely to tamper with such a large blockchain
I don't know if I can understand such a popular explanation
bitwindow, a professional website platform providing bitcoin news and information services

5. A timestamp, usually a sequence of characters, uniquely identifies the time of a moment. Digital time stamp technology is a variant of digital signature technology. In the blockchain, timestamp means that whatever happens at a certain time will be recorded on the blockchain.

6. Search "blockchain" on HowNet to find model articles in this respect.

7. Babbitt krypton

8. Jane book, this can be their own free contribution, and then is the science and technology website.. 36 krypton.

9. To understand the principle of blockchain thoroughly, we must understand it systematically from its birth and development, so as to distinguish the principle of blockchain more clearly from multiple perspectives. Block chain technology refers to the technical solution of collective maintenance of a reliable database in a centralized way in the past. In this technical scheme, blocks are associated by cryptography. Each data block contains all the data information of the system in a certain period of time, and generates a digital signature to verify the validity of the information, and links to the next data block to form a main chain< br />
Block is a record in the blockchain, which contains and confirms the transactions to be processed< br />
mining refers to the formation of new blocks through calculation. It is a process in which the supporters of the transaction use their own computer hardware to do mathematical calculation for the network to confirm the transaction and improve the security. Take bitcoin as an example: the transaction supporter (miner) runs bitcoin software on the computer and constantly calculates the complex cryptography problems provided by the software to ensure the transaction. As a reward for their service, miners can get the Commission included in the transaction they confirm, as well as the newly created bitcoin< br />
Peer to peer network is a system that allows a single node to interact directly with other nodes, so that the whole system can operate like an organized collective. Take bitcoin: the network is built in such a way that each user is spreading the transactions of other users. And importantly, banks or other financial institutions are not required as third parties< br />
Hash is a classical technology in cryptography, which transforms the input of any length into the output of fixed length composed of letters and numbers through Hassi algorithm< br />
Digital signature is a mathematical mechanism that allows people to prove ownership< br />
Private key is a secret data block that proves that you have the right to consume e-money from a specific wallet. It is realized by digital signature< br />
Dual consumption refers to the user's illegal attempt to pay e-money to two different payees at the same time, which is one of the biggest risks of e-money< br />
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The origin of blockchain: an underlying technology supporting bitcoin

The concept of blockchain was first proposed in bitcoin: a peer-to-peer electronic cash system by Satoshi Nakamoto in late 2008. In this paper, block chain technology is the basic technology to build bitcoin data structure and transaction information encryption transmission, which realizes the mining and transaction of bitcoin. Nakamoto believes that: first, the mode of using third-party organizations to process information has the inherent weakness of lack of trust between points. In order to guard against their customers, businesses will ask customers for completely unnecessary information, but still can not avoid certain fraud; Second, the existence of intermediaries increases the transaction cost and limits the practical minimum transaction scale; Third, digital signature itself can solve the problem of e-money identity. If the third party support is needed to prevent double consumption, the system will lose value. Based on the above three existing problems, Nakamoto Cong has created bitcoin on the basis of blockchain technology< br />
On January 3, 2009, Nakamoto proced the first bitcoin block in the world, genesis block, and excavated 50 bitcoins< br />
On May 21, 2010, Florida programmers bought $25 worth of pizza coupons with 10000 bitcoin, which gave birth to the first fair exchange rate of bitcoin< br />
In July 2010, the first bitcoin platform was established, with a surge in new users and prices< br />
In February 2011, the price of bitcoin reached US $1 for the first time. Since then, exchange trading platforms with British pound, Brazilian real and Polish zloty have opened< br />
In 2012, ripple released that as a digital currency, it uses blockchain to transfer foreign exchange of various countries< br />
In 2013, bitcoin soared. The U.S. Treasury Department has issued the regulations on the personal management of virtual currency to clarify the definition of virtual currency for the first time< br />
In 2014, the mining machinery instry chain represented by China became more and more mature. In the same year, the U.S. it community realized the cross era innovation significance of blockchain in the digital field< br />
In 2015, the US Nasdaq Stock Exchange launched LINQ, a digital ledger technology based on blockchain, to record trading and issue stocks

the principle of blockchain can be understood clearly from each application case, and the application of blockchain principle is becoming more and more popular. Recently, Citigroup, Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, UBS and Deutsche Bank will also apply "blockchain" technology to build a fast, convenient and efficient blockchain Low cost trading system. In addition to the financial field, blockchain technology has also begun to be applied to the protection of intellectual property rights, notarization by lawyers, online games and other fields where there is a need for transparent information disclosure and permanent records.