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Blockchain ICO speculation
Publish: 2021-04-16 20:20:44
1. bitcoin is a kind of virtual digital currency proposed by Nakamoto in 2009. It is characterized by no centralized issuing institution and a fixed total of 21 million pieces. It is not a one-time issue and needs to be proced by miners. Due to the decentralized structure, trust needs to rely on cryptography and consensus mechanism technology to achieve
blockchain is a general technology derived from bitcoin. It implements a decentralized database model. Bitcoin can be called blockchain 1.0 because it has no concept of smart contract. The key technologies of blockchain include cryptography encryption and decryption and consensus mechanism. Blockchain is generally used to combine with specific business logic, which needs to rely on smart contract, which provides an execution mode free from human interference
the IPO of ICO originates from the concept of initial public offering (IPO) in the stock market. It is the behavior of blockchain project to issue token for the first time, raise bitcoin and solve Ethereum and other common digital currencies.
blockchain is a general technology derived from bitcoin. It implements a decentralized database model. Bitcoin can be called blockchain 1.0 because it has no concept of smart contract. The key technologies of blockchain include cryptography encryption and decryption and consensus mechanism. Blockchain is generally used to combine with specific business logic, which needs to rely on smart contract, which provides an execution mode free from human interference
the IPO of ICO originates from the concept of initial public offering (IPO) in the stock market. It is the behavior of blockchain project to issue token for the first time, raise bitcoin and solve Ethereum and other common digital currencies.
2. Bitcoin virtual currency was invented by Nakamoto (alias) in 2009
the underlying technology of blockchain bitcoin is actually that it supports the stability of bitcoin in the past eight years. You can understand it as a subversive accounting method or database, and the core is decentralization
ICO, which is essentially blockchain crowdfunding. If an enterprise does ICO, you can understand it as IPO, But the financing is not money, but virtual currency, such as 3000 bitcoins. Of course, you can choose to sell it in any country in exchange for the legal tender of a country
the underlying technology of blockchain bitcoin is actually that it supports the stability of bitcoin in the past eight years. You can understand it as a subversive accounting method or database, and the core is decentralization
ICO, which is essentially blockchain crowdfunding. If an enterprise does ICO, you can understand it as IPO, But the financing is not money, but virtual currency, such as 3000 bitcoins. Of course, you can choose to sell it in any country in exchange for the legal tender of a country
3. It is a new form of distributed artificial intelligence. 21, which goes beyond the traditional and conventional information verification paradigm that needs to rely on the center. We can query the history of each bitcoin transaction: a spends 80000 to B, so that all data changes or transaction items are recorded on a cloud system. Now suppose that Party A and Party B each have one million yuan in their custody. So. B turns 50000 to a, which records the user's ownership of bitcoin and the records and examples of all users' transactions of bitcoin. 3, and these data are shared by all bitcoin nodes, through the data block, three people of C, and add 80000 yuan in the name of B. Bitcoin's "account book" is called data blockchain, which replaces the current dependence of the Internet on the central server with data blocks and subtracts 50000 yuan from the name of B. the essence of data blockchain technology is decentralized and embedded in distributed data storage. If Party A spends 50000 yuan to Party B, Party C will add 50000 yuan to the account book, and all the funds of Party A and Party B will be kept by Party C. 4. The function of data blockchain is similar to that of C's account book. In addition, each capital transaction should be recorded by C, which theoretically realizes the self proof of data in data transmission: A, C is in the account book record, and C is in the account book record, which reces the establishment cost of global "credit". This kind of point-to-point verification will proce a "basic agreement". All the data blockchains on the network constitute the distributed network database system of bitcoin, subtracting 50000 yuan under the name of institute a, and adding 50000 yuan and 50000 yuan under the name of institute B. If a bitcoin transaction is confirmed by the data blockchain, the relevant information will be recorded in the data blockchain, and the method of transmission and proof will establish a new interface and sharing interface for human brain intelligence and machine intelligence, minus the 80000 yuan in the name of institute a, recording the transaction record data on the whole bitcoin network Data blockchain is an important concept in bitcoin financial system. It's just that this "book of accounts" is made up of the mining records of every bitcoin miner on the Internet
4. If you want to ask what's the most popular in 2018, I believe you will say it's blockchain
since last year, a variety of digital currencies have emerged in an endless stream, and blockchain has also been on fire
many people are connected with blockchain as soon as they mention currency speculation; As soon as you hear that an enterprise is doing a blockchain, you will immediately ask if you want to issue money
it seems that blockchain is equivalent to digital currency, and the purpose of studying blockchain is to speculate in currency< br />
1
when you are new to blockchain or digital currency, it is reasonable to equate blockchain with currency speculation
after all, if it wasn't for the growing popularity of bitcoin, no one might have paid attention to blockchain technology so far. If it wasn't for more and more people investing in bitcoin, no institution would have issued a variety of other digital currencies
however, after in-depth understanding of blockchain and digital currency, we still think that blockchain is money speculation, so our understanding is really a bit biased
blockchain is the underlying technology of bitcoin. No matter bitcoin, Ethereum, lightcoin or other various tokens, they are all applications based on blockchain technology
but this does not mean that the blockchain can only be used to issue money, just like fish is raised in the water, but it can not be said that fish is water, and hairy crabs and crayfish can grow in the water
in addition to the various tokens we see at present, blockchain has a very broad application prospect
2
so what is a blockchain
to put it clearly, blockchain is: "blockchain is a kind of technical mole or encryption algorithm that is both basic application and top-level design. It breaks the barrier that an information is only saved by one central server or multiple services in the past, and copies the same information to more places at the same time, such as 1 million servers. Only when more than half of the stored information has been tampered with can chaos be caused. "
in a word, understand the relationship between bitcoin and blockchain:
blockchain is a technical concept born from bitcoin encryption technology
bitcoin is a kind of digital virtual currency, followed by the payment currency as a contribution to storage computing power
if you want to store the same information in countless servers, who will store it for free? There has to be a reward. Bitcoin is a reward for accepting free storage. This reward is a virtual thing called bitcoin.
since last year, a variety of digital currencies have emerged in an endless stream, and blockchain has also been on fire
many people are connected with blockchain as soon as they mention currency speculation; As soon as you hear that an enterprise is doing a blockchain, you will immediately ask if you want to issue money
it seems that blockchain is equivalent to digital currency, and the purpose of studying blockchain is to speculate in currency< br />
1
when you are new to blockchain or digital currency, it is reasonable to equate blockchain with currency speculation
after all, if it wasn't for the growing popularity of bitcoin, no one might have paid attention to blockchain technology so far. If it wasn't for more and more people investing in bitcoin, no institution would have issued a variety of other digital currencies
however, after in-depth understanding of blockchain and digital currency, we still think that blockchain is money speculation, so our understanding is really a bit biased
blockchain is the underlying technology of bitcoin. No matter bitcoin, Ethereum, lightcoin or other various tokens, they are all applications based on blockchain technology
but this does not mean that the blockchain can only be used to issue money, just like fish is raised in the water, but it can not be said that fish is water, and hairy crabs and crayfish can grow in the water
in addition to the various tokens we see at present, blockchain has a very broad application prospect
2
so what is a blockchain
to put it clearly, blockchain is: "blockchain is a kind of technical mole or encryption algorithm that is both basic application and top-level design. It breaks the barrier that an information is only saved by one central server or multiple services in the past, and copies the same information to more places at the same time, such as 1 million servers. Only when more than half of the stored information has been tampered with can chaos be caused. "
in a word, understand the relationship between bitcoin and blockchain:
blockchain is a technical concept born from bitcoin encryption technology
bitcoin is a kind of digital virtual currency, followed by the payment currency as a contribution to storage computing power
if you want to store the same information in countless servers, who will store it for free? There has to be a reward. Bitcoin is a reward for accepting free storage. This reward is a virtual thing called bitcoin.
5. In short, the current ICO is based on the currency issued by Ethereum, as long as a smart contract is established on it, and financing needs to publicize your contract address, so that others can automatically exchange your currency when they call eth. Finally, it is said that domestic ICO is prohibited
6. 1、 Basic training
from the psychological characteristics of different ages of primary school students, the basic requirements of oral arithmetic are different. Low and middle grade students mainly add one or two digits. It is better for senior students to take the one digit by two digit mental arithmetic as the basic training. The specific requirement of oral arithmetic is to multiply the number of one digit and the number of ten digits of two digits, and then add the proct of multiplying the number of one digit and the number of one digit of two digits to the three digits, and quickly say the result. In primary school, this training is a sublimation training of abstract thinking of numbers. It is very beneficial to promote the development of thinking and intelligence. This exercise can be arranged in two periods. One is to read in the morning, the other is to arrange a group at the end of homework. Each group is divided as follows: one digit is optional, corresponding to the number of one digit or ten digit in two digits. There are 18 questions in each group. Let the students write the formula first, then write the number directly after several times of oral calculation. In this way, after a period of time (generally 2-3 months), the speed and accuracy of oral calculation will be greatly improved< Second, the main form of the number of senior primary school students has changed from integer to score. In the operation of numbers, the addition of different denominators is the most time-consuming and error prone place for students, and it is also the key and difficult point of teaching and learning. How to overcome this key and difficult point? It is proved that it is correct to put the oral calculation of fraction operation on the addition of fractions with different denominators. Through analysis and inction, there are only three cases of different denominator addition (subtraction) method, and each case has its oral arithmetic law. As long as students master it, the problem will be solved
1. For two fractions, the large number in the denominator is the multiple of the decimal
for example, "1 / 12 + 1 / 3", in this case, oral arithmetic is relatively easy. The method is: the big denominator is the common denominator of two denominators. As long as the small denominator is expanded by multiple, until it is the same as the big number, the denominator is expanded by several times, and the numerator is also expanded by the same multiple, We can add the fractions with the same denominator for oral calculation: 1 / 12 + 1 / 3 = 1 / 12 + 4 / 12 = 5 / 12
2. The denominator of two fractions is coprime. This kind of situation is more difficult in form, and students are also the most headache, but it can be changed from difficult to easy: after it is divided, the common denominator is the proct of two denominators, and the numerator is the sum of the proct of the numerator of each fraction and the other denominator (if it is subtraction, it is the difference of the two procts), such as 2 / 7 + 3 / 13. The oral calculation process is: the common denominator is 7 × 13 = 91, molecule 26 (2 × 13)＋21(7 × 3) = 47, the result is 47 / 91
if the molecules of both fractions are 1, the oral calculation is faster. For example, "1 / 7 + 1 / 9", the denominator is the proct of two denominators (63), and the numerator is the sum of two denominators (16)
3. Two fractions and two denominators are neither coprime numbers nor multiples of decimals. In this case, we usually use the short division method to get the common denominator. In fact, we can also calculate the general score directly in the formula and get the result quickly. The common denominator can be obtained by enlarging the large number in the denominator. The specific method is: to double the large denominator (large number) until it is a multiple of another denominator decimal. For example, 1 / 8 + 3 / 10 expands the large number 10, 2 times, 3 times and 4 times, and compares it with the decimal 8 every time to see if it is a multiple of 8. When it is expanded to 4 times, it is a multiple of 8 (5 times), then the common denominator is 40, and the numerator is expanded by the corresponding multiple and then added (5 + 12 = 17), and the number is 17 / 40
the above three cases are also applicable to the addition and subtraction method with score< Thirdly, the content of memory training is extensive, comprehensive and comprehensive. Some common operations are often encountered in real life. Some of these operations have no specific rules of oral arithmetic and must be solved by strengthening memory training. The main contents are as follows:
1
2. The proct of the approximate value of PI 3.14 with one digit and with several common numbers 12, 15, 16 and 25
3. The denominator is the decimal value of the simplest fraction of 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 16, 20 and 25, that is, the interaction between these fractions and decimals
the results of the above numbers, whether in daily work or in real life, are used very frequently. After mastering and remembering them, they can be transformed into abilities and proce high efficiency in calculation< Four, regular training
1. There are mainly five laws in this aspect: commutative law and associative law of addition; Commutative law, associative law and distributive law of multiplication. Among them, the multiplication distribution law is widely used and has many forms, including positive use and negative use, and the forms of integer, decimal and fraction. In the multiplication of fractions and integers, students often ignore the application of the law of distribution of multiplication, which makes the calculation complicated. Such as 2000 / 16 × 8, using the law of multiplicative distribution, the result is 1001.5, but using the general method of false fraction is time-consuming and easy to make mistakes. In addition, there are subtraction properties and quotient invariant properties< 2. Regular training. It is mainly the oral calculation method (strategy) of the square result of the two digit number of 5
3. Master some special cases. For example, in fractional subtraction, if the numerator is not enough to be subtracted after general division, and the numerator subtracted is usually larger than the numerator subtracted by 1, 2, 3 and other smaller numbers, no matter how big the denominator is, it can be directly calculated orally. For example, the difference between 12 / 7 and 6 / 7 is only 1. The difference between 12 / 7 and 6 / 7 must be 1 less than the denominator. The result is 6 / 7 without calculation. Another example is: 194 / 99-97 / 99, if the difference between the numerator and denominator is 2, the difference between the numerator and denominator is 2, and the result is 97 / 99. When the subtracted molecule is larger than the subtracted molecule by 3, 4, 5 and other smaller numbers, the result can be quickly calculated orally. Another example is the mental calculation of the proct of any two digit number and 1.5, which is two digits plus half of it< 5. Comprehensive training
1
2< 3. Comprehensive training of four mixed operation sequences
comprehensive training is concive to the improvement of judgment ability, reaction speed and the consolidation of oral arithmetic
of course, in order to make students master the above situations, teachers should first use them skillfully, so that they can be handy in guiding and improve the effect. At the same time, the training should be carried out persistently. It is difficult to achieve the expected effect to catch fish in three days and dry the net in two days.
from the psychological characteristics of different ages of primary school students, the basic requirements of oral arithmetic are different. Low and middle grade students mainly add one or two digits. It is better for senior students to take the one digit by two digit mental arithmetic as the basic training. The specific requirement of oral arithmetic is to multiply the number of one digit and the number of ten digits of two digits, and then add the proct of multiplying the number of one digit and the number of one digit of two digits to the three digits, and quickly say the result. In primary school, this training is a sublimation training of abstract thinking of numbers. It is very beneficial to promote the development of thinking and intelligence. This exercise can be arranged in two periods. One is to read in the morning, the other is to arrange a group at the end of homework. Each group is divided as follows: one digit is optional, corresponding to the number of one digit or ten digit in two digits. There are 18 questions in each group. Let the students write the formula first, then write the number directly after several times of oral calculation. In this way, after a period of time (generally 2-3 months), the speed and accuracy of oral calculation will be greatly improved< Second, the main form of the number of senior primary school students has changed from integer to score. In the operation of numbers, the addition of different denominators is the most time-consuming and error prone place for students, and it is also the key and difficult point of teaching and learning. How to overcome this key and difficult point? It is proved that it is correct to put the oral calculation of fraction operation on the addition of fractions with different denominators. Through analysis and inction, there are only three cases of different denominator addition (subtraction) method, and each case has its oral arithmetic law. As long as students master it, the problem will be solved
1. For two fractions, the large number in the denominator is the multiple of the decimal
for example, "1 / 12 + 1 / 3", in this case, oral arithmetic is relatively easy. The method is: the big denominator is the common denominator of two denominators. As long as the small denominator is expanded by multiple, until it is the same as the big number, the denominator is expanded by several times, and the numerator is also expanded by the same multiple, We can add the fractions with the same denominator for oral calculation: 1 / 12 + 1 / 3 = 1 / 12 + 4 / 12 = 5 / 12
2. The denominator of two fractions is coprime. This kind of situation is more difficult in form, and students are also the most headache, but it can be changed from difficult to easy: after it is divided, the common denominator is the proct of two denominators, and the numerator is the sum of the proct of the numerator of each fraction and the other denominator (if it is subtraction, it is the difference of the two procts), such as 2 / 7 + 3 / 13. The oral calculation process is: the common denominator is 7 × 13 = 91, molecule 26 (2 × 13)＋21(7 × 3) = 47, the result is 47 / 91
if the molecules of both fractions are 1, the oral calculation is faster. For example, "1 / 7 + 1 / 9", the denominator is the proct of two denominators (63), and the numerator is the sum of two denominators (16)
3. Two fractions and two denominators are neither coprime numbers nor multiples of decimals. In this case, we usually use the short division method to get the common denominator. In fact, we can also calculate the general score directly in the formula and get the result quickly. The common denominator can be obtained by enlarging the large number in the denominator. The specific method is: to double the large denominator (large number) until it is a multiple of another denominator decimal. For example, 1 / 8 + 3 / 10 expands the large number 10, 2 times, 3 times and 4 times, and compares it with the decimal 8 every time to see if it is a multiple of 8. When it is expanded to 4 times, it is a multiple of 8 (5 times), then the common denominator is 40, and the numerator is expanded by the corresponding multiple and then added (5 + 12 = 17), and the number is 17 / 40
the above three cases are also applicable to the addition and subtraction method with score< Thirdly, the content of memory training is extensive, comprehensive and comprehensive. Some common operations are often encountered in real life. Some of these operations have no specific rules of oral arithmetic and must be solved by strengthening memory training. The main contents are as follows:
1
2. The proct of the approximate value of PI 3.14 with one digit and with several common numbers 12, 15, 16 and 25
3. The denominator is the decimal value of the simplest fraction of 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 16, 20 and 25, that is, the interaction between these fractions and decimals
the results of the above numbers, whether in daily work or in real life, are used very frequently. After mastering and remembering them, they can be transformed into abilities and proce high efficiency in calculation< Four, regular training
1. There are mainly five laws in this aspect: commutative law and associative law of addition; Commutative law, associative law and distributive law of multiplication. Among them, the multiplication distribution law is widely used and has many forms, including positive use and negative use, and the forms of integer, decimal and fraction. In the multiplication of fractions and integers, students often ignore the application of the law of distribution of multiplication, which makes the calculation complicated. Such as 2000 / 16 × 8, using the law of multiplicative distribution, the result is 1001.5, but using the general method of false fraction is time-consuming and easy to make mistakes. In addition, there are subtraction properties and quotient invariant properties< 2. Regular training. It is mainly the oral calculation method (strategy) of the square result of the two digit number of 5
3. Master some special cases. For example, in fractional subtraction, if the numerator is not enough to be subtracted after general division, and the numerator subtracted is usually larger than the numerator subtracted by 1, 2, 3 and other smaller numbers, no matter how big the denominator is, it can be directly calculated orally. For example, the difference between 12 / 7 and 6 / 7 is only 1. The difference between 12 / 7 and 6 / 7 must be 1 less than the denominator. The result is 6 / 7 without calculation. Another example is: 194 / 99-97 / 99, if the difference between the numerator and denominator is 2, the difference between the numerator and denominator is 2, and the result is 97 / 99. When the subtracted molecule is larger than the subtracted molecule by 3, 4, 5 and other smaller numbers, the result can be quickly calculated orally. Another example is the mental calculation of the proct of any two digit number and 1.5, which is two digits plus half of it< 5. Comprehensive training
1
2< 3. Comprehensive training of four mixed operation sequences
comprehensive training is concive to the improvement of judgment ability, reaction speed and the consolidation of oral arithmetic
of course, in order to make students master the above situations, teachers should first use them skillfully, so that they can be handy in guiding and improve the effect. At the same time, the training should be carried out persistently. It is difficult to achieve the expected effect to catch fish in three days and dry the net in two days.
7. If you can't select it, press del, enter Bois, set USB HHD to enable
8. Celletf is suitable for novices to have a look.
9. Currency speculation can not be equated with blockchain. It only uses blockchain technology. Now Changsha high tech Zone has set up a SMIC blockchain platform to let tens of thousands of enterprises on the chain and build a good integrity system among enterprises.
10. Blockchain is a concept, which is widely used in currency issuing.
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