Blockchain development plan of the Ministry of science and techn
in the Internet era, there is a database behind every system. This database can be regarded as a large account book. In the past, the person who maintained the system was responsible for managing the database and recording the user's behavior, that is, bookkeeping. However, the blockchain is "decentralized", which allows every member of the system to participate in it, not only everyone bookkeeping, but also through links, Everyone can have a complete account book
"blockchain is essentially a collective recording mode. What's special is that it adopts a set of techniques in an ingenious way to realize the authenticity and credibility of the recorded results, which is difficult to destroy and tamper with. " Zhang Xiaorong said, "first, everyone has the right to record and authenticate with each other to distinguish the true from the false, which is called consensus mechanism; Second, no one can tamper with the records, because there are cryptographic signatures; Third, everyone has a , so even if some account books are damaged, the whole will not be affected. This is called distributed storage. The information recorded in this way is presented in block mode according to the time chain, so it is called blockchain. "
various cryptocurrencies represented by bitcoin are originally an application of blockchain technology, which can be described as blockchain version 1.0. However, around 2014, the instry began to realize the important value of blockchain technology. Blockchain graally separated from digital currency and applied to various economic and social fields other than digital currency
it has broad application prospects
blockchain technology is considered as a disruptive innovation after steam engine, electric power and Internet. If the steam engine and electricity liberate the proctivity, and the Internet has changed the way of information transmission, the blockchain, as a machine for building trust, may change the way of value transmission
for example, in the financial field, the cost of reconciliation, clearing and settlement between financial institutions, especially cross-border financial institutions, has always been very high, and there are complex manual processes. The application of blockchain technology can help rece the cost of reconciliation and dispute resolution between financial institutions, and significantly improve the processing speed and efficiency of payment business, It also makes small cross-border payments possible. In December 2017, China Merchants Bank completed the RMB position transfer business from Hongkong Wing Lung Bank to Shenzhen Branch of Wing Lung Bank. This is the world's first interbank cross-border RMB clearing business based on blockchain technology
in addition, according to the white paper 2016 on China's blockchain technology and application development issued by the Ministry of instry and information technology of China, the application of blockchain has been extended to medical and health, ecation, charity, social management and other fields. Taking the cultural instry as an example, the low cost of reproction, the high cost of safeguarding rights, and the difficulty of providing evidence make the protection of intellectual property rights a pain point for the instry. With blockchain, the proction, dissemination and transaction records of cultural procts are true, transparent and reliable, and the problem can be solved
Zhang Xiaorong said that blockchain technology has solved two major problems in the era of Digital Economy: one is the visible flow direction, and the other is zero trust cost. In the past, the circulation of physical paper money was invisible, but the flow of all digital assets had a "chain" to check. Yang Yanchao, a researcher at the intellectual property center of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, also believes that the biggest advantage of blockchain is that it has truly completed the credit construction in an anonymous society, bringing new opportunities to many fields, thus making various innovative applications possible
there is a long way to go in the future development
in terms of technology promotion, there is no big barrier to blockchain, which has been confirmed in the global practice of bitcoin, and its main resistance comes from the obstacles in concept and implementation
"on the one hand, the society may be very concerned about the" naked "state in the blockchain. Blockchain has built a "Skynet" for the commercial society. The company's economic activities are all recorded, so there is no secret to speak of. In this way, some business strategies may not be implemented under the blockchain. "
"on the other hand, the current legal system lags behind the development of information technology, so how to put the emerging blockchain technology under the legal supervision needs to be studied." Duan Yongchao said
the core of blockchain is decentralization, which will have an impact on the long-standing central management model. In addition to the law, how to establish a regulatory environment that can promote the application of blockchain technology, so that the technology can benefit the society and not be used to do evil, is also an urgent problem to be solved.
driven by policy and market, China's blockchain related instries are expected to move from virtual to real
in the context of rapid development of blockchain, China should comply with the needs of globalization, keep up with the international pace, and actively promote the research, standardization and instrialization development of domestic blockchain related fields. Compared with the increasingly stringent supervision of bitcoin and other digital currencies, the support and encouragement of blockchain technology has reached a consensus in the world, and the domestic blockchain technology will also receive national and local policy support in the next few years. Driven by policy and market, blockchain related instries are expected to move from virtual to real, and blockchain technology will accelerate the exploration of possible application scenarios< According to the data of the "in depth analysis report on business model innovation and investment opportunities of blockchain instry" released by foresight Instry Research Institute, the global blockchain market scale is expected to increase from US $411.5 million in 2017 to US $7683.7 million in 2022, with a compound annual growth rate of 79.6%. In view of the wide application range of distributed ledger, the rising market value of cryptocurrency, the strong demand for improving transparency, security, efficiency and simplifying process, and the popularity of blockchain as a service (
baas), the blockchain market will expand rapidly. In addition, communication services, international trade, supply chain management, programming platform, payment, smart contract, digital authentication and so on are also in urgent need of blockchain technology, which will create a lot of growth opportunities
as an integrated application of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other technologies, blockchain has become a research hotspot of the United Nations, the International Monetary Fund and other international organizations as well as many national governments in recent years, and the instry has also increased investment. At present, the application of blockchain has extended to the Internet of things, intelligent manufacturing, supply chain management, digital asset trading and other fields, which will bring new opportunities for the development of cloud computing, big data, mobile Internet and other new generation information technology, and have the ability to trigger a new round of technological innovation and instrial change
by 2022, the payment sector may occupy the largest share of the blockchain market
relying on blockchain technology, real-time payment of assets can be realized, which not only has the characteristics of tamper proof and digital authentication, but also can greatly save the cost of settlement for financial institutions and banks. In addition, blockchain makes payment automation possible, eliminates the need for middlemen, and saves labor costs and time for buyers and sellers. Thanks to the above advantages, it is expected that the payment sector will be the heaviest one in the whole blockchain market
the fastest growing region will be the Asia Pacific region.
blockchain service providers in the Asia Pacific region are good at designing and developing cryptocurrency platforms with friendly interface, cost saving and high speed, and extending the application of blockchain in many instries. Both large enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises are actively seeking risk financing, investing in and developing the most cutting-edge blockchain technology. In addition, the real estate instry of some countries in the Asia Pacific region is expected to rapidly transform from translucency to full transparency, which also helps to enhance the development prospects of blockchain in the Asia Pacific region.
Fourth, decentralization. Decentralization is the most basic feature of the blockchain, which means that the blockchain no longer depends on the central processing node and realizes the distributed recording, storage and updating of data. In the traditional centralized network, attacking a central node can destroy the whole system, while in a decentralized blockchain network, attacking a single node cannot control or destroy the whole network. More than 5% of the nodes in the master network are just the beginning of gaining control. 2019 is the first year for the commercial application of blockchain technology, and the stimulation of favorable policies will make the development of blockchain technology more stable
with the application of blockchain technology graally penetrating into many fields such as digital finance and Internet, we have a clearer understanding of the value of blockchain
blockchain has formed a situation of global competition, and all countries are seizing the development opportunities, let alone China; Therefore, there is no doubt that blockchain has become a national strategy.
China has started to establish a national standard for blockchain to promote the construction of blockchain standard system from top-level design, which is expected to be completed by the end of 2019 at the earliest
in this regard, Zhao Wu, founder of Beijing Huashun Xin'an Technology Co., Ltd., also said that although the blockchain has disruptive technology potential, we must realize that the blockchain is still in its infancy, far from reaching the stage of subverting the world
Yu Kequn stressed that the independent and controllable blockchain network is intended not to be controlled by others technically, but also to promote the healthy development of blockchain. Security is the future life of blockchain. Only its own security can make blockchain technology landing. This requires us to pay equal attention to the development of blockchain technology and its security attributes, even ahead of timein this regard, Li Ming also said that an important part of the standard is the information security standard, which can also see the importance of security to blockchain technology. He also pointed out that the development of blockchain standards does not mean that it will rapidly promote the development of the instry, but give the instry certain guidance. Previously, China has suffered a lot in terms of international intellectual property rights and standards. In terms of blockchain, China has formed more than 200 patents in terms of international blockchain, and even stands in the forefront of world technology. Therefore, we also need to firmly grasp our right to speak
content source: Xinhuanet
Blockchain Yearbook: since the second half of 2016, more than 10 blockchain instrial parks have been established or will be established in China. In addition to Shanghai, Hangzhou and Guangzhou, which have been maintaining a strong momentum in the field of Finance and science and technology, other provinces and cities such as Wuhan, Chongqing, Qing and Suzhou have also laid out blockchain instrial parks Blockchain Yearbook not only summarizes the latest detailed information of global blockchain instrial parks, but also includes the support policies of local governments for blockchain
according to the blockchain Yearbook, as of the end of November 2018, the number of blockchain companies with blockchain as the main business in China has reached nearly 1000, and the instry has initially taken shape. At present, many local governments are also actively positioning blockchain technology from the instrial height, and the policy system and regulatory framework are graally developed and improved
I. blockchain Instrial Park
1. Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center was established in the earliest but the lowest profile
in November 2016, Zhongguancun blockchain instry alliance and Shanghai Intellectual Instrial Park reached cooperation to jointly create Zhongguancun blockchain Instry Alliance Shanghai collaborative innovation center. At the same time, Shanghai intelligence instry sky blockchain incubation base and Shanghai equity trading trusteeship center were officially established, which means that China's first application blockchain incubation base is officially located in Baoshan, Shanghai
according to the regulations of the park, all kinds of enterprises registered in the park will be given a certain proportion of supporting policies according to the contribution of the enterprises
on the day of the establishment of Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanghai Ruizi Investment Management Co., Ltd., Shanghai kuaibei Network Technology Co., Ltd. and Shanghai miaojao Network Technology Co., Ltd. entered. Nearly two years since its establishment, the low-key park has not been exposed much
2. Hangzhou has three blockchain entrepreneurial Parks: occupying the right time, favorable location and favorable people
in the 2018 government work report, the Hangzhou government explicitly listed the blockchain instry as one of the seven future instries to be cultivated in Hangzhou. At present, Hangzhou has formed three major blockchain instrial parks represented by xixigu blockchain Instrial Park, China (Xiaoshan) blockchain entrepreneurship and innovation base, and China Hangzhou blockchain Instrial Park
xixigou blockchain Instrial Park was established in April 2017, located in xixigou Internet Finance Town, Qianjiang Xixi Hejing, and invested and operated by Hangzhou urban investment asset management group
China (Xiaoshan) blockchain entrepreneurship and innovation base was established by the cooperation of China Institute of electronic technology standardization, Hangzhou Xiaoshan District People's government and China Wanxiang Holding Co., Ltd., and settled in Xiaoshan in May 2017
China Hangzhou blockchain Instrial Park, located in Yuhang District, was established in April 2018, and Li Xiaolai, the big man of the currency circle, also attended the ceremony. At the launching ceremony, Yao Yongjie, chairman of Hangzhou longlan investment, announced the establishment of xiong'an global blockchain innovation fund with a total scale of RMB 10 billion
3. Wuhan blockchain Instrial Park encourages college students to start blockchain businesses
Beijing
on November 9, 2018, Zhongguancun Management Committee, Beijing Municipal Bureau of financial work and Beijing Municipal Commission of science and technology jointly issued the "Beijing financial technology development plan (2018-2022)"
the plan brings blockchain technology into the scope of Beijing's "financial technology" development plan, actively promotes the development of underlying technologies that affect the application of financial technology functions, and improves all kinds of technology market facilities, including artificial intelligence, big data, Internet technology (mobile Internet, Internet of things), distributed technology (cloud computing, blockchain), security technology (quantum computing Biometrics, encryption technology, etc
on September 29, 2017, the Beijing Municipal Bureau of financial work and other eight departments jointly issued the implementation measures for the construction of the capital's green financial system, which mentioned the development of green financial information infrastructure based on blockchain and the improvement of the security level of green financial projects
on April 6, 2017, the Management Committee of Zhongguancun Science and Technology Park printed and issued the "ZhongGuanCun national independent innovation demonstration zone to promote the deep integration of science, technology and finance, innovation and development support fund management measures", which mentioned that financial technology enterprises should be supported to provide services for financial regulators and financial institutions, and carry out the demonstration and application of artificial intelligence, blockchain, quantitative investment, intelligent finance and other cutting-edge technologies, Improve the efficiency and convenience of financial services
enterprises shall be given financial support according to 30% of the amount of technology application contract or purchase agreement signed between financial technology enterprises and financial regulators or financial institutions, and the maximum amount of support for a single project shall not exceed 5 million yuan
on December 30, 2016, the Beijing Municipal Bureau of financial work issued the "13th five year plan for the development of financial instry in Beijing", which mentioned that blockchain should be classified as a technology of Internet Finance and encouraged the development of this technology
on August 10, 2016, Beijing Municipal Bureau of financial work issued the performance tasks of Beijing Municipal Bureau of financial work in 2016, in which Article 8 mentioned promoting the introction of Zhongguancun Internet finance comprehensive pilot scheme and the establishment of Zhongguancun blockchain alliance
Shanghai
on April 28, 2017, the Shanghai Internet Finance Instry Association issued the self discipline rules for blockchain technology application of Internet Finance practitioners, which requires blockchain technology to serve the real economy, pay attention to the balance between innovation and standardization, and security, and clarify the bottom line of financial stability and information security, Internet financial institutions applying blockchain technology should report to local regulatory authorities and instry self regulatory organizations, and actively accept instry supervision and self regulatory management. The reporting information should at least include project name, responsible person, business model, business risk, risk control measures, etc
on March 7, 2017, the development and Reform Commission of Baoshan District of Shanghai printed and issued the key points of financial services in Baoshan District in 2017. It was mentioned that the construction of Miaohang blockchain incubation base and Songnan Shanghai Internet finance evaluation center should be followed up to promote the development of financial technology companies as an important part of Baoshan financial ecosystem relying on professional teams and market forces, We should form a development model in which venture capital funds and angel investors gather actively, science and technology finance support is strong, and enterprise investment motivation is fully stimulated
On December 8, 2017, the office of the people's Government of Huangpu District and the office of the Management Committee of Guangzhou Development Zone issued the measures for promoting the development of blockchain instry in Guangzhou Development Zone, Huangpu District, Guangzhou, aiming at the instrial and commercial registration place, tax collection and management relationship and statistical relationship within Huangpu District, Guangzhou Development Zone and its entrusted management and subordinate parks, Blockchain enterprises or institutions with sound financial system, independent legal personality, and commitment not to move away from their registered and office address within 10 years, not to change their tax obligations in the area, and not to rece their registered capital shall implement incentive measures such as cultivation award, growth award, platform award, Application Award, Technology Award, financial support, activity subsidy, etc. This is the biggest policy measure in China at presenton September 25, 2017, the Shenzhen Municipal People's Government printed and issued several measures to support the development of the financial instry in Shenzhen. It was mentioned that the financial technology special award focuses on excellent projects in the fields of blockchain, digital currency, financial big data application, and the annual award amount is controlled within 6 million yuan
on August 17, 2017, Shenzhen Economic and trade and Information Commission issued the notice of Shenzhen Economic and Trade Information Commission on organizing and implementing the 2018 special support plan for information security of new generation information technology in Shenzhen strategic emerging instries, which mentioned that it is necessary to support blockchain technology
on November 3, 2016, the Financial Development Service Office of Shenzhen Municipal People's government issued the 13th five year plan for the development of Shenzhen's financial instry, which mentioned supporting financial institutions to strengthen the research and exploration of emerging technologies such as blockchain and digital currency
Chongqing
on March 7, 2018, Chongqing municipal government issued the notice on implementing and promoting the task division of the guidance on supply chain innovation and application, which mentioned that it is necessary to study the use of blockchain, artificial intelligence and other emerging technologies to establish a credit evaluation mechanism based on supply chain
on November 7, 2017, Chongqing Economic and Information Technology Commission issued the opinions on accelerating the cultivation and innovative application of blockchain instry. It is mentioned that by 2020, we will strive to build 2-5 blockchain instry bases in Chongqing, introce and cultivate more than 10 leading enterprises in the domestic subdivision field of blockchain, and more than 50 blockchain enterprises with core technology or growth type, The introction and cultivation of more than 500 middle and senior talents in blockchain will build Chongqing into an important instrial highland and innovative application base of blockchain in China
Behind any investment with extremely high yield, there may be a deception of "you want his interest, but he wants your principal"
on July 4, 2018, a recording of Li Xiaolai, known as "China's richest man in bitcoin", was exposed, causing an earthquake in the currency circle. In nearly an hour's recording, Li Xiaolai made sharp comments on many coin circle tycoons and taught them how to cut leeks from retail investors
Although China has rectified and banned ICO in accordance with the law in September last year, it is not uncommon for project parties to avoid legal supervision through the mode of foreign registration and underground ICO. This requires the regulatory authorities to strengthen governance, establish perfect instry standards, and promote the good development of the blockchain instryfor investors, on the one hand, they should polish their eyes and not blindly follow the temptation of the so-called "Internet red". If you really believe Li Xiaolai's words of negating value investment and advocating speculation, it will be the right choice for him and eventually become the leek to be picked by others. On the other hand, we should invest rationally. Behind any investment with extremely high yield, there may be a deception like "you want his interest, but he wants your principal"
content source: phoenix.com
Chongqing strongly supports the development of blockchain technology instry, and plans to achieve the output value of more than 10 billion in 2018-2020. For this aspect of investment, taxation and the introction of talents, the relevant preferential policies have been introced. At present, the development of the blockchain instry is still in the initial stage. The introction of five measures in Chongqing is of great significance for accelerating the development and application of blockchain and promoting the development of emerging instries
First, break through the key areas. First, one belt, one road, and the other one, the first one is to develop the strategy of "one belt and one road". It has begun to transform the financial instry from cross-border payments, insurance claims, securities trading and other financial services. The payment has been made from the past offline payment to online payment. This is a cross era transformation, which has narrowed the distance between customers and businesses. The use of blockchain technology to achieve cross-border payment also shows that the distance between countries has been narrowed, which is an important performance of mutual financial trust between the two countries. In the field of supply chain, blockchain technology can improve the transparency of supply, make procts traceable, and increase the security of procts. And through the collection of key blockchain technology development projects for evaluation and analysis, and then to build Fifth, strengthen capacity building. We should classify talents, strengthen their professional skills learning, regularly carry out professional and technical training meetings, and carry out study and investigation activities. At the same time, it is necessary to carry out study seminars for relevant department heads to "update" the cognitive level of all levels of leadership departments, constantly improve the cooperation between government and enterprises, and jointly promote the construction of relevant capabilities, so as to jointly develop the blockchain instry quickly and wellthe development of the blockchain instry is bright. The measures of Chongqing municipal government have made clear the pain points and related needs of the instry, and also made instructions on the docking of related resources. The government enterprise cooperation will continue to improve relevant capabilities and technologies, and do a good job in all aspects, so as to make the blockchain instry take off in Chongqing
In 2020, blockchain will be included in the scope of "new infrastructure" by the state, and at least seven provinces will issue blockchain support policies. In the same year, blockchain technology is graally moving from concept to implementation, and the application scenarios are blooming“ Blockchain + "has become a symbol of the continuous maturity of blockchain< Novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic swept the world in BR />
2020,
2020. The uncertainty of world economic development has increased significantly. Governments and enterprises around the world explore the use of emerging technologies to rece the cost of economic and social operation, improve the efficiency of the real economy, and further seek new growth points for economic development
at present, with the cross innovation of blockchain, cloud computing, artificial intelligence and other new technology infrastructure, more and more vertical fields of real economy present the development pattern of "blockchain +" and the good momentum of "from virtual to real"
in order to avoid the transition from real to virtual, in addition to continuing to crack down on speculation, we must also guide the deep integration of blockchain technology and practical application scenarios. Therefore, various instrial application scenarios of "blockchain +" have become one of the inevitable trends of blockchain development
according to the white paper on blockchain (2020) recently released by China Academy of information and communication, as of October 2020, more than 262 listed companies have set foot in the field of blockchain, including 39 fields such as insurance, real estate, commercial department stores, security equipment, packaging materials and telecom operation. In the blockchain information service record list published by the state Internet Information Office, the number of blockchain projects of listed companies has reached 45
among them, finance is the most explored scenario in the application scenarios of blockchain technology, and there are specific projects in supply chain finance, trade financing, payment and clearing, fund management and other sub fields. According to the white paper, as of November 2020, among the registered blockchain information services in China, the number of projects in the field of Finance (including supply chain finance) ranked first, accounting for 36%
with the acceleration of the implementation of blockchain applications, "blockchain +" business has become the development focus for Internet backbone enterprises to enter the blockchain instry. Besides financial business, actively deploy Internet, traceability and supply chain & amp; Logistics, digital assets, government and public services, intellectual property, law, medical and other fields
at the same time, it is graally understood in the instry that blockchain is the basic component of trusted transactions, but this does not mean that blockchain can take over the world. It is necessary to combine blockchain with other technologies such as artificial intelligence, Internet of things, big data, 5g, etc., and form an integrated solution by using synergy effect to jointly help digital transformation
according to the relevant data, at present, the application of blockchain is mainly in the field of certificate keeping, and blockchain has entered the stage of how to make it better, more reliable, more stable, better expansibility, and able to accommodate more nodes from the perspective of engineering. He Baohong, director of the Institute of cloud computing and big data, China Academy of information technology, believes that this process will continue for a period of time or more, and the next step is to shift the technical competition of blockchain from engineering optimization to technology ecology and business ecology
in addition, it is understood that the blockchain instry has been improving for a long time, and the instry cognition has returned to rationality. With the central government's planning guidance for the development of blockchain technology, China's blockchain has made it clear that it is based on the alliance chain, focusing on the development idea of serving the real economy and optimizing public services, and the direction of instrial development is further clear. At this stage, the majority of practitioners' confidence in the blockchain continues to improve, and generally recognize the long-term strategic value of the blockchain
what is the prospect of "blockchain +" in 2021
with the graal improvement of China's blockchain instry chain, most blockchain enterprises not only focus on one aspect, but also present the trend of multi field collaborative development. According to statistics, Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Shandong are the provinces and cities with the largest number of registered enterprises among the 801 blockchain information service filing lists published by the state Internet information office
the core role of blockchain corresponding to the technical characteristics is mainly reflected in the three aspects of certificate deposit, automatic cooperation and value transfer. With its value potential being continuously exploited, the application landing scenario has graally expanded from the financial breakthrough to the real economy, government affairs and people's livelihood and other fields
and the core value of blockchain for the real economy is to promote the efficient cooperation between the upstream and downstream instries and enhance the efficiency of the combination of instry and finance. In the early stage of development, the application mode of blockchain mainly focuses on the deposit of documents and contracts. At the present stage, the application of blockchain instry is graally moving towards automatic collaboration and value interconnection such as government data sharing, supply chain collaboration and cross-border trade
2020 is the warm-up of 2021. In 2021, the use of blockchain, distributed ledger and smart contract tools will continue to grow as in 2020. With the deepening of blockchain technology, the instrial foundation of blockchain will be better and better, the instrial ecology will also develop rapidly, and the instrial chain will be widely distributed
from the perspective of instrial structure, blockchain instry is mainly divided into four parts: underlying technology, platform services, instrial applications and peripheral services
the first three parts show a relatively obvious upstream and downstream relationship. The underlying technology part provides the necessary technical procts and components of the blockchain, the platform service part builds a blockchain platform based on the underlying technology to run the corresponding instry applications, and the instrial application part mainly uses the blockchain technology to develop instry applications according to the actual scenarios of various instries, Realize the innovation of business collaboration mode in the instry
peripheral services provide support services for the instry, including instry organization, market research, standard formulation, system evaluation and certification, instry media, etc., which provide power for the development of instrial ecology
among them, as far as the instrial application of blockchain is concerned, blockchain is not only the result of innovation and development of information technology, but also the main booster of business process reconstruction and instrial interaction mode innovation of various instries
blockchain has graally expanded from the initial digital finance to supply chain finance, proct traceability and other fields, and now it has been applied in government affairs, people's livelihood, instrial management and other instries, with increasingly rich application scenarios, showing a trend of deep integration with other instries
at present, domestic enterprises focus on serving the real economy and improving the application development related to government affairs and people's livelihood, among which supply chain finance and proct traceability have accounted for half of all applications, and other areas such as government affairs and people's livelihood have become the key layout areas of manufacturers in the future, which is about to see explosive growth
after the cooling of blockchain investment in 2020, the blockchain instry may graally become rational in 2021. However, a relatively complete instrial chain and active market players provide a good foundation for the development of blockchain instry. The blockchain instry will also show a positive development trend in policy support, ecological construction, platform service, application landing and integration innovation