Blockchain doctor Huang Butian
Baizhan programmers keep up with the trend of the times, launch online courses to meet the needs of enterprises, update them in real time, and make the students acquire the latest knowledge in the first time,
build their own core competitiveness, and will not be left behind by the times.
Yin Cheng, a graate of Tsinghua University, is a top professional in the field of blockchain in China. He is proficient in C / C + +,, golang, python, kalilinux, sicikit learn and tensorflow. He is an EOS open source contributor and has developed many blockchain cryptocurrencies. He once served as Google algorithm engineer and a gold medal lecturer in Microsoft tech.ed conference. He is the most valuable expert in the field of artificial intelligence and blockchain in the world. He also has 15 years of programming experience and 5 years of teaching experience. He is a senior software architect and Intel Software Technology expert. The teaching and research team of blockchain college led by him is mainly composed of master's and doctoral students who graated from Tsinghua University, Peking University and other well-known institutions
the team has rich practical experience in blockchain and has won many blockchain competitions.
blockchain technology does not rely on additional third-party management institutions or hardware facilities, and there is no central control. In addition to the self-contained blockchain itself, each node realizes information self verification, transmission and management through distributed accounting and storage. Decentralization is the most prominent and essential feature of blockchain< Second, openness:
the foundation of blockchain technology is open source. In addition to the private information of all parties to the transaction is encrypted, the data of blockchain is open to all. Anyone can query blockchain data and develop related applications through the open interface, so the information of the whole system is highly transparent< Third, independence:
based on consensus specifications and Protocols (similar to various mathematical algorithms such as hash algorithm used by bitcoin), the whole blockchain system does not rely on other third parties, and all nodes can automatically and safely verify and exchange data in the system without any human intervention< Fourth, security:
as long as 51% of all data nodes cannot be controlled, the network data cannot be arbitrarily controlled and modified, which makes the blockchain itself relatively safe and avoids subjective and artificial data changes
5. Anonymity:
unless there are legal requirements, technically speaking, the identity information of each block node does not need to be disclosed or verified, and information transmission can be carried out anonymously
Digital China is the first major development strategy explicitly put forward in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. The application of digital technology represented by cloud computing, big data and mobile Internet is no longer limited to the economic field, but widely penetrated into all aspects of public services, social development and people's life, which requires macro coordination, overall control and integrated development
with the deepening of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and instrial change, the tide of digital economy in the world is unstoppable. The development of digital economy has become a global consensus, known as the key to the fourth instrial revolution
adhering to the connotation of the University of nice's world inclusive humanistic spirit, always embracing change, standing up to the tide, conforming to the development trend of the digital economy era, and integrating the essence of Chinese and Western cultural thinking, the University of nice's doctor of blockchain and digital economy management (DDE) came into being
based on this, we can enable the managers of digital economy instry to have global vision and global integration thinking, integrate knowledge, operate digital economy intelligently, promote the sustainable development of the instry, and contribute to the community of human destiny. Therefore, DDE project will cooperate with colleagues in the field of digital economy
if you have MBA related questions, you are welcome to contact me personally&# 180;&# 65381;&# 7447;&# 65381;` ) Bixin~~~~
I hope I can help you:
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abey blockchain technology is from Ciprian pungela & amp; Co., two doctors in the Department of artificial intelligence from the Department of computer science, School of mathematics and information, Western University of timishwara, Romania; Vorel negru's own research project. Constant lightweight blockchain technology and multi-layer programming and extended blockchain solution are adopted. The scale of abey's blockchain remains unchanged, with only 50 active blocks. Abey blockchain technology is suitable for the use of e-money in e-commerce system for mass transactions, and has multi-level, scalability and security, and can be programmed
according to the official white paper, abey is suitable for the blockchain solution in e-commerce system, which uses digital currency to carry out mass transactions and can carry out multi-layer programming and expansion
specific implementation method of abey blockchain Technology:
using a multi-level and programmable blockchain method to realize digital currency (for simplicity, we call it "DC"). This method can pave the way for the implementation of various e-commerce purposes, such as loan financing, completion of refundable transactions and non refundable transactions. In the first layer of the blockchain, we can realize the inherent digital currency design, which is commonly referred to as the base layer ("FL"). The various upper layers built on this foundation can be used to describe various additional functions related to various business driven application examples (which we will briefly introce below). All of the above levels are fully programmable, and can be easily adapted for various applications
although most of today's digital goods store transaction balance in the blockchain, abey's method is more similar to Pascal coin digital currency. This method uses what we call a "vault" encryption structure“ The "vault" structure can only save the balance of all accounts in the network, instead of a complete list of all completed transactions, and can be reconstructed in the evolution history of the blockchain. Since vault allows the deletion of useless content at any time, it can significantly rece the storage cost of blockchain. In contrast, at the time of writing this article, the storage space required to download bitcoin database is 70gb (the alarm rate is still growing, and it is expected to reach 300gb in 2019), so it is not feasible to use ultrabooks or notebooks with small storage space (such as 120GB or 256gb) to carry out mining operation. On the other hand, the size of the abey blockchain will remain unchanged, with only 50 blocks (at the time of writing, there are more than 525000 blocks in the bitcoin blockchain)
vault fully supports digital currency transfer between accounts. In addition, vault can assign an owner defined name to each account instead of using hashing algorithms like today's cryptocurrency - which makes the account easier to remember and makes the name public
one of the important functions that vault can help prevent the daily expenses of blockchain from being too high (especially those related to transaction history) is that vault can save such states and rece the size of blockchain itself by creating a secure of blockchain states. Because there is no transaction history and all accounts can save their direct balance, the blockchain information has the feature of partial erasure. All the blockchain states that can be stored can be regarded as landmarks of the blockchain
secure data sharing:
through the block chain structure design, for each transaction sent to the network, the block chain may contain encrypted metadata. The metadata can only be decrypted by the transaction recipient. For the transaction sent to the network, the sender's public key is included in the transaction, and the transaction receiver decrypts the metadata using the public key. Since the transaction receiver holds the private key for decryption, only the transaction receiver can implement the data decryption process. From the perspective of encryption method, although bitcoin is limited to elliptic curve cryptography, blockchain metadata can use any other encryption mechanism to complete the encryption process. This not only provides complete flexibility in security selection, but also does not have any adverse impact on the structure or function of the blockchain
scalability:
since the abey blockchain supports the creation of historical landmarks by design, it is very easy for the network itself to achieve high scalability from the point of view that the blockchain will always need to store (related to the latest existing SLS). This method completely eliminates the need to store transaction history to calculate the balance of all accounts, and can directly store all account balances, so as to ensure that the specific balance information provided by all nodes in the network meets the requirements of Byzantine consistency
proof of security and workload:
it is impossible to have two-way payment operation in abey's method (in the specified appropriate scenario, the vast majority of today's mainstream cryptocurrencies may theoretically have two-way payment operation). Each transaction means that the balance of the corresponding account is updated in a relatively simple way, and there is no special way to restore the transaction from the network pending transaction team. For the abey blockchain, since all technical / functional layers are built on vault, vault is the infrastructure of our blockchain, so vault is very important for mining operations. Our proposed blockchain model is composed of a series of blocks, each of which is generated by the nodes in the network who are willing to mine. All nodes in the network can update the account balance independently according to the transaction (part of the block), and are independent of other nodes. The mining operation will affect the first functional layer. In addition to updating the balance, each node can also update other matters that may belong to the upper functional layer in the composition of the blockchain structure. Once an update occurs, a new mining incentive block will be created. The mining reward block contains a number of new reward accounts that have been assigned to miners. The miner is the winner of the above reward according to the workload Certificate (currently there are 50 reward accounts). The way to reward is to distribute the public key of all such accounts to the reward recipient
blockchain technology layer:
abey's digital currency model contains a multi-layer structure, in which the first layer represents the realization of the digital currency itself (see Figure 7 for graphic explanation). The corresponding levels include:
tier 1 → digital currency (cryptocurrency): currency transfer, mining
tier 2 → refundable transaction and non refundable transaction: allowing the use of digital justice system to complete refundable transaction
Tier 3 → related parties and commission: allowing the automatic distribution of Commission to related parties
Tier 4 → contacting currency: by lending currency, Income based on interest
layer 5 → programmable: reserved for future realization of Turing complete programming model, so as to process blockchain data in a customized way (such as smart contract)
layer 6 → custom protocol: reserved for future use
transaction type:
abey mode allows different levels in blockchain through design, Complete a variety of transaction types. The transaction types in the second layer are as follows:
1 → fund transfer: fund transfer between accounts (1-to-1 transfer)
2 → refundable fund transfer: refundable transaction between accounts. Use escrow balance instead of regular account balance
3 → key change: change the key that can be used to process the account
4 → restore the account: recover funds from the lost and invalid account
5 → set account name: define the name of the account held by the founder
6 → sales preparation: mark the account for sale
7 → move out of the sales queue: remove the account sales mark, And the account is marked as non saleable
refundable transaction and mediator:
for the vast majority of cases, non refundable transaction is equivalent to all "pay to pay" transactions in blockchain based digital currency mode. But abey has introced the concept of refundable transactions into its digital currency model. In abey mode, the transaction marked with small flag belongs to refundable or non refundable transaction. In addition, in abey's blockchain network, each account contains two types of balance: regular and unchangeable balance (used to mark the amount that the account has received and can be paid immediately, but cannot be recovered after the payment) and escrow balance (including the transaction list marked as refundable transaction and the minutes of each transaction)
8 → payment dispute: for the corresponding transaction that has been marked as a refundable transaction, the payment dispute can be initiated only by the payer
9 → refund request: for the corresponding transaction previously marked as a refundable transaction, a refund request can be initiated, but only by the payer
10 → cancel escrow: cancel the escrow funds and return the funds to the payer immediately. It can only be initiated by the payee
11 → release trusteeship: release the trusteeship fund and add the amount to the balance of the payee's account immediately. It can only be initiated by the payer
related parties and commissions:
one of the important deficiencies in today's blockchain driven financial technology is the lack of the ability to provide rewards to related parties who sell specific procts or services. The third layer of abey blockchain can solve this problem< Lending digital currency:
lending digital currency is not only a simple and quick way to allow people to borrow legal tender, but also to ensure the security of encrypted assets. Given that today's valuable digital currencies are also used for transactions, the reason why lending digital currencies is feasible is not only that it allows borrowers to mortgage any type of cryptocurrency they save, but also that it is attractive because it is a way to retain their digital assets in a completely safe or very low-risk way. In addition, abey's model also provides built-in protection through the customer vault lending gateway (VLG), and enables the VLG to act as a buffer between the lender and the borrower
12 → borrowed funds: the borrower initiates transactions in the network, announces the intention of borrowing funds, and specifies the VLG account of the borrowed funds. The transaction is similar to depositing the balance of the regular / escrow account in the selected VLG account
13 → return of collateral: the transaction is initiated by the VLG itself. VLG will return the collateral to the borrower in accordance with the risk management policy
14 → loan repayment: the transaction is initiated by the borrower. If VLG accepts repayment of the loan in digital currency, the borrower may choose to repay the loan in digital currency. Under this condition, the digital monetary fund will be converted into VLG regular account balance<
programmable blockchain:
with its associated metadata payload, the layer of blockchain can be retained to allow the further creation of intelligent contracts between peers in the network by executing the grammar based "complete Turing basic programming language" according to the original blockchain data processing mode. For each payload, encryption or public visibility processing can be implemented, and can be performed in a dedicated virtual environment (similar to a virtual machine). This method can effectively protect data security and avoid the impact of data destruction and security vulnerabilities. The main advantage of this method is that this layer can create and enforce digital contracts without any blockchain specific programming. For Ben
Chinese Name: Thomas Alva Edison
English Name: Thomas Alva Edison
a world-famous American electrician and inventor, known as the "king of invention in the world", has made more than 1000 inventions in his life. In addition to his invention and contribution in phonograph, electric lamp, telephone, telegraph, film and other fields, he also has many famous creations and insights in mining, construction, chemical instry and other fields. Edison had about 2000 inventions in his life, which made great contributions to the civilization and progress of mankind
Edison was also a great entrepreneur. In 1879, Edison founded "Edison Electric lighting company". In 1880, incandescent lamps went on sale. In 1890, Edison had established its various businesses into Edison General Electric Company. In 1891, Edison's thin filament and high purity blank incandescent bulb were patented. In 1892, Tom was born; Houston incorporated with Edison power lighting to form general electric company. General Electric began to dominate the electric field for a century< Edison was born on February 11, 1847 in Milan, Ohio, a small town in the Midwest of the United States. His father is a descendant of the Dutch, and his mother, a former primary school teacher, is a descendant of the Scots. When Edison was 7 years old, his father lost money in the tile business and moved his family to Fort gratiott, a northern suburb of Huron, Michigan. Soon after he moved here, Edison suffered from scarlet fever, which is believed to be the cause of his deafness. Edison went to school at the age of 8, but after only three months of reading, he was expelled from school by his teacher as an "imbecile". From then on, his mother was his "tutor.". Because of his mother's good ecation method, he became interested in reading“ He not only read extensively, but also read everything at a glance. At the age of 8, he read the works of Shakespeare and Dickens, the most important playwrights in the British Renaissance, and many important historical books. At the age of 9, he could quickly read difficult books, such as nature and experimental philosophy by Parker. When I was 10 years old, I loved chemistry. At the age of 11, he experimented with his first telegram. In order to make money to buy chemicals and equipment, he began to work. At the age of 12, he got a job selling newspapers on the train, traveling between Port Huron and Detroit, Michigan. He sells newspapers while doing fruit and vegetable business. Whenever he has time, he goes to the library to read. He bought an old printing press and began to publish his weekly, the herald, the first of which was printed on the train. With the money he earned, he set up a chemical laboratory on the luggage cart. Unfortunately, once a chemical caught fire and he and his equipment were thrown out of the car. Another time, while Edison was trying to get on a freight train, a conctor grabbed his ears to help him get on. This action led Edison to be deaf for life< In August 1862, Edison rescued a boy who was about to die on the train track with great courage. The father was grateful for this, but he was willing to teach him telegraph technology because he had no money to pay for it. From then on, Edison had a relationship with this mysterious new world of electricity and embarked on the journey of science< In 1863, Edison served as the telegrapher of Stratford junction station on the main line railway. From 1864 to 1867, he worked as a telegraph operator in the central and western regions and lived a life similar to wandering. Footprints, including Stratford, Adrian, Fort Wayne, Indianapolis, Cincinnati, Nashville, Tennessee, Memphis, Louisville, Huron and other places< In 1868, Edison came to Boston as a telegraph operator. In the same year, he obtained the first patent for invention. This is an automatic voting device. Edison thought the device would speed up the work of Congress, and it would be popular. However, one congressman told him that they had no intention of speeding up the agenda and that sometimes voting slowly was out of political need. From then on, Edison decided not to invent anything that people didn't need< In early June 1869, he came to New York to look for a job. While he was waiting for a call in an agent's office, a telegraph broke down. Edison was the only one there who could fix the telegraph, so he got a better job than he expected. In October, he and Popper set up a "Popper Edison Company" to specialize in scientific instruments for electrical engineering. Here, he invented the "Edison universal press". He dedicated the press to the manager of a big Wall Street company. He wanted to ask for $5000, but he didn't have the courage to say it. So he asked the manager to give him a price, and the manager gave him $40000<
Edison used the money to build a factory on ward street in Newark, New Jersey, which specializes in manufacturing all kinds of electrical machinery. He works all night. He trained a lot of capable assistants. At the same time, he also ran into the diligent Mary, his first bride in the future. In Newark, he made such inventions as wax paper and mimeograph. From 1872 to 1875, Edison invented the double Telegraph and quadruple telegraph, and helped others build the world's first English typewriter< In the spring of 1876, Edison moved to "Monroe Park" in New Jersey. He built the first "invention factory" here, which "marks the beginning of collective research". In 1877, Edison improved the telephone invented by Bell and put it into practical use. He also invented his favorite project, the phonograph. Telephone and Telegraph "is a revolution to expand human sensory function"; Gramophone is one of the three great inventions that changed people's lives. "From the perspective of invention imagination, this is his extremely important invention achievement.". By this time, people called him "the magician of Monroe Park"< When Edison invented the phonograph, he finally made a breakthrough in the research of electric lamp after numerous failures. On October 22, 1879, Edison lit the first electric lamp with wide practical value. In order to extend the life of the filament, he retested, and tried out more than 6000 kinds of fiber materials before finding a new luminous body, Japanese bamboo silk, which lasted for more than 1000 hours, and achieved a rable purpose. In a way, this invention is the highest achievement of Edison's life. Then he created a power supply system that allowed distant lamps to be distributed from a central power station, a major technological achievement
his first discovery in pure science appeared in 1883. When experimenting with electric lamps, he observed what he called the Edison effect: an electric charge in the lighted bulb passes through space from the hot filament to the cold plate. Edison patented the discovery in 1884, but did not study it further. Other scientists used the Edison effect to develop the electronic instry, especially radio and television
Edison tried to do what the phonograph did for the ear for the eye, and the film camera was born here. Using a new Celluloid film invented by George Eastman, he took a series of photos and projected them onto the screen quickly and continuously, creating the illusion of movement. He first experimented with films in the laboratory in 1889 and patented them in 1891. In 1903, his company proced the first feature film "train robbery". Edison did a lot of work for the formation and standardization of the film instry< After Edison moved his laboratory to West Orange in 1887, he founded many commercial companies to make procts and promote sales for his various inventions; These companies later merged into Edison General Electric Company, later known as general electric company. Since then, his interest has shifted to fluorimetry, ore crushers, magnetic separation of iron, batteries and railway signaling devices
ring World War I, he developed torpedo mechanisms, flamethrowers and underwater periscopes< On October 21, 1929, on the 50th anniversary of the invention of electric light, people held a grand celebration for Edison. Famous scientists such as Einstein of Germany and Madame Curie of France congratulated him one after another. Unfortunately, at this celebration, when Edison delivered his reply, he suddenly fainted e to excessive excitement. From then on, his health went from bad to worse. On October 18, 1931, the scientist who had made great contributions to mankind died of illness at the age of 84
Edison's ecation level is very low, but his contribution to mankind is so great. What's the "secret" here? In addition to a curious heart, he has an instinct to test himself, that is, he has the infinite energy and bold spirit of extraordinary hard work. When someone called Edison a "genius", he explained: "genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration." In the "invention factory", he organized many people of different professions, including more than 100 scientists, engineers, technicians and workers. Many of Edison's major inventions were successful thanks to this collective force. His achievements are mainly e to his hard work and creative ability as well as the collective strength. In addition, his wife also played a very important role< In August 1862, Edison rescued a boy who was about to die on the track of a train. The father was grateful for this, but he was willing to teach him telegraph technology because he had no money to pay for it. From then on, Edison had a relationship with this mysterious new world of electricity and embarked on the journey of science< In 1863, Edison worked as a telegrapher at Stratford junction station of the main line railway. From 1864 to 1867, he worked as a telegraph operator in the central and western regions and lived a life similar to wandering. The footprints include Stratford, Adrian, Fort Wayne, Indianapolis, Connecticut, Nashville, Tennessee, Memphis, Louisville and Huron< In 1868, Edison came to Boston as a telegraph operator. In the same year, he obtained the first patent for invention. This is an automatic voting device. Edison thought the device would speed up the work of Congress, and it would be popular. However, one congressman told him that they had no intention of speeding up the agenda and that sometimes voting slowly was out of political need. From then on, Edison decided not to invent anything that people didn't need< In early June 1869, he came to New York to look for a job. While he was waiting for a call in an agent's office, a telegraph broke down. Edison was the only one there who could fix the telegraph, so he got a better job than he expected. In October, he and Popper set up a "Popper Edison Company" to specialize in scientific instruments for electrical engineering. Here, he invented the Edison general seal