Main technical languages of blockchain

1. Introction to seven core technologies of blockchain operation on January 15, 2018
1. Blockchain links
as the name suggests, blockchain is a chain composed of blocks. Each block is divided into block head and block body (including transaction data). The block head includes the prevhash value (also known as hash value) of the previous block used to realize the block link and the random number (nonce) used to calculate the mining difficulty. The hash value of the previous block is actually the hash value of the head of the previous block, and the random number calculation rule determines which miner can obtain the right to record the block
2. Consensus mechanism
blockchain is accompanied by the birth of bitcoin, which is the basic technology architecture of bitcoin. Blockchain can be understood as an Internet-based decentralized accounting system. A decentralized digital currency system like bitcoin requires the consistency of accounting of honest nodes without a central node, which needs blockchain to complete. Therefore, the core of blockchain technology is a consensus mechanism to reach a consensus on the legitimacy of transactions between indivials without mutual trust without central control
there are four main types of consensus mechanisms in blockchain: pow, POS, dpos and distributed consistency algorithm
3. Unlocking script
script is an important technology to realize automatic verification and contract execution on blockchain. Every output of every transaction does not point to an address in the strict sense, but to a script. A script is like a set of rules that constrain how the receiver can spend the asset locked on the output
the validation of transactions also depends on scripts. At present, it depends on two kinds of scripts: Lock script and unlock script. Locking script is a condition added to the output transaction, which is realized by a script language and located in the output of the transaction. The unlocking script corresponds to the locking script. Only when the conditions required by the locking script are met can the assets corresponding to the script be spent, which is located in the input of the transaction. Many flexible conditions can be expressed by script language. Interpretation script is similar to the "virtual machine" in our programming field, which runs in every node of the blockchain network in a distributed way
4. Transaction rules
blockchain transaction is not only the basic unit of a block, but also the actual effective content recorded by the blockchain. A blockchain transaction can be a transfer, or the deployment of smart contracts and other transactions
as far as bitcoin is concerned, a transaction refers to a single payment transfer. The transaction rules are as follows:
1) the input and output of the transaction cannot be empty
2) for each input of a transaction, if its corresponding utxo output can be found in the current transaction pool, the transaction will be rejected. Because the current transaction pool is the transaction not recorded in the blockchain, and each input of the transaction should come from the confirmed utxo. If it is found in the current trading pool, it is Shuanghua trading
3) for each input in a transaction, the corresponding output must be utxo
4) each input unlocking script must verify the compliance of the transaction together with the corresponding output locking script
5. Transaction priority
the priority of blockchain transaction is determined by the blockchain protocol rules. For bitcoin, the priority of a transaction to be included in a block is determined by the time when the transaction is broadcast to the network and the amount of the transaction. With the increase of transaction broadcast time on the network and the increase of transaction chain age, the priority of transaction will be improved and eventually be included by the block. For Ethereum, the priority of the transaction is also related to the transaction fee that the publisher is willing to pay. The higher the transaction fee that the publisher is willing to pay, the higher the priority that the transaction is included in the block
6. Merkle proof
the original application of Merkle proof is bitcoin, which was described and created by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2009. Bitcoin blockchain uses Merkle proof to store transactions in each block. So that the transaction can not be tampered with, but also easy to verify whether the transaction is included in a specific block
7. RLP
RLP (recursive length prefix) is one of the main encoding methods of object serialization in Ethereum. Its purpose is to encode the sequence of arbitrary nested binary data.

2. Technology has nothing to do with language. Under normal circumstances, the same technology, in the case of permission, most languages can achieve the same function

you should be talking about the technology of virtual currency. This source code is usually developed by C + +.

3. Blockchain is a new application mode of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm for building trust and acquiring rights and interests between different nodes in the blockchain system.

blockchain is an important concept of bitcoin, which is essentially a decentralized database and serves as the underlying technology of bitcoin. Blockchain is a series of data blocks generated by cryptography. Each data block contains the information of a bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block

in a narrow sense, blockchain is a kind of chained data structure that combines data blocks in chronological order in a sequential way, and it can not be tampered with and forged by cryptography

broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses blockchain data structure to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithm to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access A new distributed infrastructure and computing method for programming and operating data by using intelligent contract composed of automated script code
go language + blockchain training course:
1 What are the advantages of go
advantages of go
1: performance
2: language performance is very important
3: developer efficiency & don't be too innovative
4: concurrency & Channel
5: fast compile time
6: team building ability
7: powerful ecosystem
8: gofmt, Mandatory code format
9: grpc and protocol buffers
can be directly compiled into machine code, independent of other libraries. Glibc version has certain requirements, and deployment is completed by throwing a file
static type language has the feeling of dynamic language. Static type language can check out most hidden problems when compiling, while dynamic language has the feeling that there are many packages that can be used and the efficiency of writing is very high.

4. Go language + blockchain training course:
why should we learn go language and what are the advantages of go
1. What are the advantages of go
1: performance
2: language performance is very important
3: developer efficiency & don't be too innovative
4: concurrency & Channel
5: fast compile time
6: team building ability
7: powerful ecosystem
8: gofmt, Mandatory code format
9: grpc and protocol buffers
can be directly compiled into machine code, independent of other libraries. Glibc version has certain requirements, and deployment is completed by throwing a file
static type language has the feeling of dynamic language. Static type language can check out most hidden problems when compiling, while dynamic language has the feeling that there are many packages that can be used and the efficiency of writing is very high.

5. Go language is the mainstream language of blockchain
according to the data survey of boss Research Institute, go and C + + are the mainstream languages of blockchain Posts currently recruited. The early blockchain system and application
programs are mainly implemented in C + +, and now most companies will use go language to
build public chain systems<
C + + is suitable for the development of local programs.
go language is suitable for the development of network programs and local programs.
compared with C + + go, it has the following advantages:
garbage collection
clear meaning
unified format

disadvantages:
efficiency is not as high as C + + at present, but for desktop programs, efficiency is not a big problem, Because hardware is fast growing.

C + + is the mainstream language at present, and I believe it will become a classic just like C.
to become a classic means that people who learn it can get a good salary, but it is only good for themselves.
in the future network world, go will have a big chance to get hot, I think it has a bright future.

the developers of go, including the founders of UNIX and C language, are the first generation of hackers, and I believe they will do a good job.

now the go stack + blockchain market is out of an unprecedented gale, and the situation is gratifying.

6. Go language + blockchain training course:
from the characteristics of the language itself, go is a very efficient language, which highly supports concurrency. Go language itself pays more attention to distributed systems, and concurrency processing is relatively good, such as advertising and search, which are high concurrency servers
go language advantages:
excellent performance, can be directly compiled into machine code, does not rely on other libraries, go is extremely fast. Its performance is similar to Java or C + +
concurrency is supported at the language level, which is the biggest feature of go. It is born to support concurrency, and go is the concurrency supported in gene, which can make full use of multi-core and make it easy to use concurrency
the built-in runtime supports garbage collection, which is one of the features of dynamic language. Although GC is not perfect at present, it is enough to cope with most of the situations we can encounter, especially GC after go1.1
it's easy to learn. The authors of go language all have the gene of C, so go naturally has the gene of C. There are 25 go keywords, but the expressive ability is very strong. It almost supports most of the features you've seen in other languages: inheritance, overloading, object, etc
rich standard libraries, go has built a large number of libraries, especially the network library, which is also my favorite part< As like as two peas, br / > built-in powerful tools, Go language is built with many tools chain, the best should be gofmt tools, automatic formatting code, make team review become so simple, code format is exactly the same, it is very difficult to think differently.
cross platform compilation and fast compilation. Compared with the sluggish compilation speed of Java and C + +, the fast compilation time of go is a major efficiency advantage
disadvantages of go language:
package management: package management of go language is absolutely not perfect. By default, it has no way to make a specific version of the dependency library, nor can it create replicable builds. In contrast, python, node and Ruby all have better package management systems. However, with the right tools, the package management of go language can also perform well
lack of development framework: go language does not have a major framework, such as Ruby's rails framework, Python's Django framework or PHP's laravel. This is a heated discussion in the go language community, because many people think that we should not start with using frameworks. This is true in many cases, but if you just want to build a simple crud API, it's much easier to use Django / djrf, rails laravel, or Phoenix
exception handling: go language can help developers deal with compilation errors by simply returning errors (or call stack) through functions and expected calling codes. Although this method is effective, it is easy to lose the scope of the error, so it is difficult to provide meaningful error information to users. Error package can solve this problem by allowing us to add context and stack trace to return error
another problem is that we may forget to handle errors. Static analysis tools such as errcheck and megacheck can avoid these errors. Although these solutions are very effective, they may not be the right way.

7. Take a look at which clan you belong to. Each clan digs different mines in Gao'an. However, mining in Gao'an can not meet the demand of monthly cards. Therefore, it is suggested that LZ join the 00 Legion as soon as possible to have safe and efficient mining sites as well as mining bonus.

8.

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