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Blockchain is divided into several levels
Publish: 2021-04-19 03:25:22
1. According to the classification of known blockchain technology applications, jinwowo group can be roughly divided into three categories:
1 - public blockchain; It means that anyone can read and send transactions for validity confirmation, and anyone can participate in the consensus process of the blockchain to jointly maintain the security, transparency and non tampering of the public blockchain data. For example,
2-community blockchain represented by bitcoin; It is also called alliance chain, which means that the nodes participating in the blockchain are selected in advance, and there are usually good network connections and other cooperative relationships between the nodes; Community blockchain is a practical application scenario of the combination of blockchain and physical goods, such as Domenech jewelry's Maobei mode
3-private blockchain: the participating nodes only have a limited range, the data access and use have strict permission management, the write permission is only in the hands of the participants, and the read permission can be opened to the outside world.
1 - public blockchain; It means that anyone can read and send transactions for validity confirmation, and anyone can participate in the consensus process of the blockchain to jointly maintain the security, transparency and non tampering of the public blockchain data. For example,
2-community blockchain represented by bitcoin; It is also called alliance chain, which means that the nodes participating in the blockchain are selected in advance, and there are usually good network connections and other cooperative relationships between the nodes; Community blockchain is a practical application scenario of the combination of blockchain and physical goods, such as Domenech jewelry's Maobei mode
3-private blockchain: the participating nodes only have a limited range, the data access and use have strict permission management, the write permission is only in the hands of the participants, and the read permission can be opened to the outside world.
2. The projects of jinwowo network technology analysis blockchain are divided into three levels:
the top and easiest thing to do is the application layer. I can see two or three such projects every day, accounting for more than 95% of the whole market. But such companies often write a lot of technical things in the white paper. In fact, they also write in vain. This is purely for the purpose of collecting pages, because they don't need to talk about technology at all
the second type is the intermediate operation level, such as quantum chain and ant. This kind of project is similar to the operation procere, called the basic chain, which is used to run the application. This category is relatively small, and the proportion has dropped to less than 5%
the third category is more downward extension and lower level, such as standard chain and arcblock. This kind is even less. It's good to see two or three in a month. And some of them are not necessarily true, because there is really nothing to write about, and all fields are occupied by others, so someone will go in this direction.
the top and easiest thing to do is the application layer. I can see two or three such projects every day, accounting for more than 95% of the whole market. But such companies often write a lot of technical things in the white paper. In fact, they also write in vain. This is purely for the purpose of collecting pages, because they don't need to talk about technology at all
the second type is the intermediate operation level, such as quantum chain and ant. This kind of project is similar to the operation procere, called the basic chain, which is used to run the application. This category is relatively small, and the proportion has dropped to less than 5%
the third category is more downward extension and lower level, such as standard chain and arcblock. This kind is even less. It's good to see two or three in a month. And some of them are not necessarily true, because there is really nothing to write about, and all fields are occupied by others, so someone will go in this direction.
3. Currently known blockchain technology classification, jinwowo Group believes that it can be roughly divided into three categories:
1 - public blockchain: refers to the blockchain that anyone can read, send transactions for validity confirmation, and anyone can participate in its consensus process, so as to jointly maintain the security, transparency and tamper proof of public blockchain data
2-community blockchain: also known as alliance chain, it means that the nodes participating in the blockchain are selected in advance, and there are usually good network connections and other cooperative relationships between the nodes
3-private blockchain: the participating nodes only have a limited range, the access and use of data have strict permission management, the write permission is only in the hands of the participants, and the read permission can be opened to the outside world.
1 - public blockchain: refers to the blockchain that anyone can read, send transactions for validity confirmation, and anyone can participate in its consensus process, so as to jointly maintain the security, transparency and tamper proof of public blockchain data
2-community blockchain: also known as alliance chain, it means that the nodes participating in the blockchain are selected in advance, and there are usually good network connections and other cooperative relationships between the nodes
3-private blockchain: the participating nodes only have a limited range, the access and use of data have strict permission management, the write permission is only in the hands of the participants, and the read permission can be opened to the outside world.
4.
Blockchain is divided into three categories
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public blockchain
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private Ledong blockchain
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common sports blockchain
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5. Generally speaking, blockchain system consists of data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer
among them, the data layer encapsulates the underlying data block and related data encryption and timestamp technologies; The network layer includes distributed networking mechanism, data transmission mechanism and data verification mechanism; The consensus layer mainly encapsulates all kinds of consensus algorithms of network nodes; The incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives; The contract layer mainly encapsulates all kinds of scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, which is the basis of the programmable characteristics of blockchain; The application layer encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of blockchain. In this model, chain block structure based on timestamp, consensus mechanism of distributed nodes, economic incentive based on consensus computing power and flexible and programmable smart contract are the most representative innovations of blockchain technology.
among them, the data layer encapsulates the underlying data block and related data encryption and timestamp technologies; The network layer includes distributed networking mechanism, data transmission mechanism and data verification mechanism; The consensus layer mainly encapsulates all kinds of consensus algorithms of network nodes; The incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives; The contract layer mainly encapsulates all kinds of scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, which is the basis of the programmable characteristics of blockchain; The application layer encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of blockchain. In this model, chain block structure based on timestamp, consensus mechanism of distributed nodes, economic incentive based on consensus computing power and flexible and programmable smart contract are the most representative innovations of blockchain technology.
6. The hierarchical structure of blockchain
1, data layer / data layer
the data layer mainly describes the physical form of blockchain, which is a chain structure starting from Genesis block on blockchain, including block data, chain structure, random number, time stamp, public and private key data on blockchain, and is the lowest level data structure in the whole blockchain technology
2. Network layer / network layer
the network layer mainly realizes the mechanism of distributed network through P2P technology, and the network layer includes P2P networking mechanism, data dissemination mechanism and data verification mechanism. Therefore, blockchain is essentially a P2P network with automatic networking mechanism, and the communication between nodes is maintained by maintaining a common blockchain structure
3. Consensus layer / consensus layer
consensus layer mainly includes consensus algorithm and consensus mechanism, which enables highly dispersed nodes to reach consensus on the effectiveness of block data efficiently in the decentralized blockchain network. It is one of the core technologies of blockchain and also the governance mechanism of blockchain community. At present, there are at least dozens of consensus mechanism algorithms, including workload proof, rights and interests proof, rights and interests authorization proof, burning proof, importance proof and so on
data layer, network layer and consensus layer are the necessary elements of building blockchain technology. Without any layer, it can not be called a real blockchain technology
4. Incentive layer / activator layer
the incentive layer mainly includes the issuing system and distribution system of economic incentive. Its function is to provide certain incentive measures, encourage nodes to participate in the security verification work in the blockchain, incorporate economic factors into the blockchain technology system, encourage nodes that comply with rules to participate in bookkeeping, and punish nodes that do not comply with rules
5. Contract layer / contract layer
the contract layer mainly includes various scripts, codes, algorithm mechanisms and smart contracts, which is the basis of block chain programming. Embedding the code into the blockchain or token, realizing the smart contract that can be customized, and automatically executing without a third party when certain constraints are met, is the foundation of the blockchain's distrust
6. Application layer / application layer
the application layer of blockchain encapsulates various application scenarios and cases, which are similar to applications on computer operating system, portals on Internet browsers, search engines, e-malls or apps on mobile phones. The blockchain technology applications are deployed on Ethereum, EOS and qtum, and are implemented in real life scenarios. The future programmable finance and programmable society will also be built on the application layer
incentive layer, contract layer and application layer are not necessary factors for each blockchain application, and some blockchain applications do not completely include the three-tier structure.
1, data layer / data layer
the data layer mainly describes the physical form of blockchain, which is a chain structure starting from Genesis block on blockchain, including block data, chain structure, random number, time stamp, public and private key data on blockchain, and is the lowest level data structure in the whole blockchain technology
2. Network layer / network layer
the network layer mainly realizes the mechanism of distributed network through P2P technology, and the network layer includes P2P networking mechanism, data dissemination mechanism and data verification mechanism. Therefore, blockchain is essentially a P2P network with automatic networking mechanism, and the communication between nodes is maintained by maintaining a common blockchain structure
3. Consensus layer / consensus layer
consensus layer mainly includes consensus algorithm and consensus mechanism, which enables highly dispersed nodes to reach consensus on the effectiveness of block data efficiently in the decentralized blockchain network. It is one of the core technologies of blockchain and also the governance mechanism of blockchain community. At present, there are at least dozens of consensus mechanism algorithms, including workload proof, rights and interests proof, rights and interests authorization proof, burning proof, importance proof and so on
data layer, network layer and consensus layer are the necessary elements of building blockchain technology. Without any layer, it can not be called a real blockchain technology
4. Incentive layer / activator layer
the incentive layer mainly includes the issuing system and distribution system of economic incentive. Its function is to provide certain incentive measures, encourage nodes to participate in the security verification work in the blockchain, incorporate economic factors into the blockchain technology system, encourage nodes that comply with rules to participate in bookkeeping, and punish nodes that do not comply with rules
5. Contract layer / contract layer
the contract layer mainly includes various scripts, codes, algorithm mechanisms and smart contracts, which is the basis of block chain programming. Embedding the code into the blockchain or token, realizing the smart contract that can be customized, and automatically executing without a third party when certain constraints are met, is the foundation of the blockchain's distrust
6. Application layer / application layer
the application layer of blockchain encapsulates various application scenarios and cases, which are similar to applications on computer operating system, portals on Internet browsers, search engines, e-malls or apps on mobile phones. The blockchain technology applications are deployed on Ethereum, EOS and qtum, and are implemented in real life scenarios. The future programmable finance and programmable society will also be built on the application layer
incentive layer, contract layer and application layer are not necessary factors for each blockchain application, and some blockchain applications do not completely include the three-tier structure.
7. A new resolution initiated by representative Adam kinzinger, a Republican from Indiana, has been submitted to the US House of Representatives, calling on the government to formulate national policies on emerging technologies, including digital currency and blockchain technology
the resolution calls on the idea of bitcoin, but does not directly mention its name. Instead, it calls it "alternative illegal currency". Blockchain technology is the key point, which points out that this technology has the potential to "fundamentally change" the way trust and security are built on online transactions
but in fact, the United States has not taken action to formulate this rule. However, there is a global blockchain alliance R3 in the process of formulating the standard for the use of blockchain. Of course, blockchain is just a technology that can be used by any enterprise. In China, there is a project called decent, which is more avant-garde. It uses blockchain technology to build a decentralized content publishing platform, but it may encounter some problems in China.
the resolution calls on the idea of bitcoin, but does not directly mention its name. Instead, it calls it "alternative illegal currency". Blockchain technology is the key point, which points out that this technology has the potential to "fundamentally change" the way trust and security are built on online transactions
but in fact, the United States has not taken action to formulate this rule. However, there is a global blockchain alliance R3 in the process of formulating the standard for the use of blockchain. Of course, blockchain is just a technology that can be used by any enterprise. In China, there is a project called decent, which is more avant-garde. It uses blockchain technology to build a decentralized content publishing platform, but it may encounter some problems in China.
8. I Pacific Computer City configuration Intel CPU: pd820 motherboard: Intel 945G memory: kmx1g / 6g160g optical drive: LG DVD Samsung display 17 & # 39; CRT chassis ATX + 350W keyboard number standard: the total cost of photoelectric set delivery is 2820 yuan?? Please teach me!!!
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