Small block chain into large block chain

1. blockchain has developed in five stages
1. Germination stage: the real germination stage of blockchain was from 2007 to 2009. In 2008, a Japanese American with the pseudonym of Nakamoto first expounded a new fantasy report on electronic money in the form of a synonym on the cryptography discussion group, and bitcoin came out. As early as 2007, Nakamoto began to explore a series of new technologies to create a new currency. On October 31, 2008, bitcoin white paper was released, and on January 3, 2009, bitcoin system officially began to operate
the main technologies supporting bitcoin system include hash function, distributed ledger, blockchain and asymmetric encryption; It can be seen that these technologies build the initial version of the blockchain, and it can also be said that the blockchain is the underlying technology of bitcoin. During the three years from 2007 to 2009, bitcoin was an experimental stage in which a very small number of people participated, and the real commercial activities had not really started
2. "Geek" niche stage: here, "geek" refers to people who are crazy about Internet technology and take technological innovation as fashion and life. On February 6, 2010, the first exchange of bitcoin appeared. On May 22 of the same year, someone bought two hamburgers with 10000 bitcoins. On July 17 of the same year, the exchange Mt. GOx was established, marking the official inflow of bitcoin into the market. Nevertheless, the only people who can really understand and enter the market to participate in bitcoin trading are geeks who are keen on Internet technology. They discuss bitcoin technology on the forum, mine for bitcoin on their own computers, and then buy and sell bitcoin on Mt. GOx. Now these geeks have become billionaires
3. Market brewing stage: the price of bitcoin was $13 at the beginning of 2013, but on March 18 of the same year, the government of Cyprus closed the bank and stock market e to the financial crisis, which made the price of bitcoin soar, and the highest price rose to $266 in April. On August 20 of the same year, the German government confirmed the currency status of bitcoin. On October 14, China network announced the opening of bitcoin payment channel. In November, the US Senate hearing also confirmed the legitimacy of bitcoin. On November 19, the price of bitcoin rose to US $1242, forming a new high. Nevertheless, the foundation for blockchain to enter the mainstream social economy is not yet available, and the soaring price of bitcoin is only e to over optimistic expectations. The containment of China's banking system, the collapse of Mt. GOx and other events made the price of bitcoin continue to fall. At the beginning of 2015, the price of bitcoin has dropped below $200. From 2013 to the beginning of 2015, the public began to understand bitcoin and blockchain
4. The mainstream period of blockchain: on June 23, 2016, the United Kingdom left the European Union, the fifth nuclear test of North Korea in September, Trump's election in November and other events, the uncertainty of the world's mainstream economy led to the recovery of bitcoin with the function of risk aversion. The market demand was large, and the increase of trading volume made the price of bitcoin soar from $400 in 2016 to $20000 in 2017, The wealth effect of bitcoin and the transaction overflow caused by network congestion of bitcoin have led to the outbreak of other series of virtual currencies, as well as a variety of blockchain applications, resulting in the emergence of a large number of blockchain assets that are 100 times, even 1000 times and 10000 times, which has aroused the crazy pursuit of the world, Subsequently, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange launched bitcoin futures trading, marking that bitcoin has officially entered the mainstream investment proct series, and bitcoin and blockchain have entered the global attention
5. Instry landing stage: after the market frenzy in 2017, the virtual currency and blockchain have been adjusted in terms of market, supervision, cognition, etc. in 2018, returning to rationality. In 2017, many blockchain projects that follow the blockchain technology will graally die out with the cooling of the market, and the projects with real blockchain applications will be initially implemented. 2018 is not only the first year of the blockchain, but also a gold rush period for the blockchain. After the waves wash away the sand, what remains is relatively good gold
from the perspective of the history of blockchain development, blockchain technology is not yet mature and is currently in the growth period. The specific practical application of blockchain is only used in the financial field. It still needs a long way to go to apply blockchain from other instries. However, we should grasp the trend of blockchain and actively learn from the new field of blockchain.

2. Blockchain technology uses mathematical methods to achieve distributed accounting and solve the trust problem, so as to complete the decentralization, which will bring far-reaching influence in many fields such as communication, finance, Internet of things, government management and so on
blockchain refers to the technical solution of collective maintenance of a reliable database through centralization and distrust in the past, and it is a technical way for the whole people to participate in bookkeeping. Previous bookkeeping methods were all centralized and needed centralized intermediary, whether it was traditional government, financial institutions, notarization institutions or emerging e-commerce platform and online payment platform
in economic hypothesis, information is sufficient. In fact, it is precisely because of insufficient information that there are very large intermediaries. The existence of intermediaries increases the transaction cost and raises the transaction threshold. In essence, blockchain technology is a large-scale collaboration tool. It makes direct value transfer possible by using pure technology for the first time, and continues the trend of Internet decentralization and disintermediation. Disintermediated blockchain technology will greatly subvert the information intermediary instry
blockchain technology is the basic technology for building bitcoin data structure and encrypted transmission of transaction information, which realizes the issue and transaction of bitcoin. The core of blockchain technology is that all the current participating nodes jointly maintain the transaction and database, so that the transaction is based on the principle of cryptography rather than trust, so that any agreed parties can directly carry out payment transactions without the participation of a third party
technically, a block is a data structure for recording transactions, reflecting the capital flow of a transaction. In the system, the transaction blocks are connected to form a main chain, and all the nodes participating in the calculation record the main chain or part of the main chain
a block contains the following three parts: transaction information, hash formed by the previous block and random number. Transaction information is the task data carried by the block, including the private keys of both parties, the number of transactions, the digital signature of electronic currency, etc; The hash hash formed by the previous block is used to connect the blocks and realize the sequence of past transactions; Random number is the core of the transaction. All nodes compete to calculate the answer of the random number. The node that gets the answer the fastest generates a new block and broadcasts it to all nodes for updating, so as to complete a transaction.

3.

Blockchain is an important concept of bitcoin. It is essentially a disintermediated database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated by using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains the information of a bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the effectiveness of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block

blockchain is a new application mode of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies

in a narrow sense, blockchain is a kind of chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential way according to the time sequence, and it can not be tampered with and forged by cryptography

broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses blockchain data structure to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithm to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access It is a new distributed infrastructure and computing method to program and operate data by using intelligent contract composed of automated script code

extended data:

the evolution mode of blockchain is as follows:

& 9642; Blockchain 1.0 - digital currency

▪ Blockchain 2.0 - digital assets and smart contracts

▪ Blockchain 3.0 - Implementation of distributed applications in various instries

blockchain features:

1. Disintermediation. Due to the use of Distributed Accounting and storage, there is no centralized hardware or management organization in the system, the rights and obligations of any node are equal, and the data blocks in the system are jointly maintained by the nodes with maintenance function in the whole system

2. Openness. The system is open. In addition to the private information of all parties to the transaction is encrypted, the data of the blockchain is open to all. Anyone can query the blockchain data and develop related applications through the open interface, so the information of the whole system is highly transparent

3. Autonomy. Blockchain adopts consensus based specifications and Protocols (such as a set of open and transparent algorithms) to enable all nodes in the whole system to exchange data freely and safely in a de trusted environment, so that the trust in "people" is changed into the trust in machines, and any human intervention does not work

The information can not be tampered with. Once the information is verified and added to the blockchain, it will be stored permanently. Unless more than 51% of the nodes in the system can be controlled at the same time, the modification of the database on a single node is invalid. Therefore, the data stability and reliability of the blockchain are extremely high

5. Anonymity. Because the exchange between nodes follows a fixed algorithm, the data interaction does not need to be trusted (the program rules in the blockchain will judge whether the activity is effective). Therefore, the counterparties do not need to make the other party trust themselves by disclosing their identities, which is very helpful for the accumulation of credit

4.

Blockchain is a term in the field of information technology. In essence, it is a shared database. The data or information stored in it is characterized by "unforgeability", "trace in the whole process", "traceability", "openness and transparency" and "collective maintenance". Based on these characteristics, blockchain technology has laid a solid "trust" foundation, created a reliable "cooperation" mechanism, and has broad application prospects

on January 10, 2019, the state Internet Information Office issued the regulations on the management of blockchain information services. In October 24, 2019, ring the eighteenth collective learning of the Central Political Bureau, general secretary Xi Jinping stressed that "block chain as an important breakthrough in core technology and independent innovation", "accelerating the development of block chain technology and instrial innovation". "Blockchain" has entered the public field of vision and become the focus of social attention

on December 2, 2019, the word was selected into the top ten catchwords of "biting words" in 2019

extended data:

Application of blockchain Finance:

since 2016, the major financial giants have also carried out blockchain innovation projects to explore the possibility of applying blockchain Technology in various financial scenarios. In particular, Puyin group took the lead in creating a "blockchain +" standard digital currency

standard digital currency refers to the process of assets identification, evaluation, right confirmation and insurance completed by a third party organization, which is written into the blockchain through careful digital algorithm to form the standard corresponding relationship between assets and digital currency, which is called standard digital currency

in order to realize the great leap forward development of blockchain finance, promote the new development of China's economy, accelerate the circulation of global assets, and realize the dream of rejuvenation that has been struggling for generations, Puyin group will hold the Guiyang strategic development ceremony of Puyin blockchain finance in Guizhou on December 9, 2016

the meeting will discuss the realization of digital circulation of assets by blockchain, the financial transaction mode of blockchain, and the application of blockchain services and social public instry. This conference will mark the beginning of the application of blockchain finance and the change and development of the new financial ecology

5. Here is about what blockchain is, but if Xiao wants to have a deep understanding of blockchain, he still needs to read more relevant articles
blockchain is a decentralized distributed ledger. Blockchain is not something. You can think of it as the Internet. No one will think that the Internet is an object. Blockchain is a new model. If we think of it as an account book, it means that all transaction information is in this book. Due to the characteristics of decentralization, it is not subject to the jurisdiction of a third party

blockchain is a decentralized database in essence. Once the contents in the database are recorded in the chain, they cannot be tampered with, and all the contents can be traced back to their source. The centralized procts may be tampered by the jurisdictional party. Therefore, blockchain traceability is also commonly used to trace the source of goods
there is still a lot of knowledge about blockchain, which is just a simple concept. In depth understanding, we need to take time to look at the news and learn about its landing applications. We can see more about password finance.

6. Blockchain is composed of a series of block links generated by cryptographic algorithm, so it is called blockchain
each block is filled with transaction records, and the blocks are connected in sequence to form a chain structure, which is the blockchain ledger
blockchain technology divides the data to be stored in the database into different blocks. Taking bitcoin as an example, when miners generate new blocks, they need to calculate the new hash value and random number according to the hash value of the previous block, the new transaction block and the random number. Each block is linked to the back of the previous block through specific information, and connected in chronological order to present a complete set of data. In other words, each block is generated on the basis of the previous block data, which ensures the uniqueness of the blockchain data
each blockchain database is essentially an event chain connected in chronological order, which uses the cryptographic mechanism specified in the protocol for authentication to ensure that it will not be tampered with or forged. With the popularity of blockchain and bitcoin, many related top domain names have been registered, which has a great impact on the domain name instry
blockchain technology has three obvious characteristics: openness, security and uniqueness
openness mainly refers to that the stored information in the blockchain is completely open to all participants. This is mainly determined by the point-to-point network storage mode of the blockchain. In the blockchain network, each node can store a of the blockchain, and the uniqueness of the blockchain can ensure that the is exactly the same between different nodes
security mainly refers to that the information stored in the blockchain block is saved after being processed by digital encryption technology, and only the private key holder can decrypt the information to obtain the real information. Other members can only see and verify the integrity and uniqueness of information, but cannot see the real information
uniqueness is mainly e to the fact that the information on the blockchain cannot be tampered with once it is on the chain, so it is unique. Of course, the uniqueness here also includes the uniqueness in space, that is, all nodes have only one version of information, and also includes the uniqueness in time, that is, the historical data cannot be changed. This uniqueness also means that the blockchain maintains the characteristics of a unique main chain in the process of operation, and once other chains appear, it is a bifurcation. The emergence of bifurcation will lead to the plication of blockchain in two different spatial dimensions. Of course, to solve this problem, we need to set reasonable consensus rules to avoid
there is no distinction between mobile and non mobile end in blockchain, and if there is one, it is also a gimmick.

7. yes. In 2017, the size of the capacity hit this "invisible wall.". Soaring costs have made bitcoin unreliable. Some users can't confirm their transactions even after waiting for many days. Bitcoin stopped growing. Many users, businesses, enterprises and investors have abandoned bitcoin. Its market share in many virtual currencies also dropped rapidly from 95% to 40%.

8. QQ coin is a kind of virtual currency issued by Tencent in order to facilitate users to purchase the virtual goods and services it provides. Its official price is: 1q coin = 1 yuan. However, if the amount of recharge is large, there will be a certain amount of discount on some recharge platforms
it should be noted that this is the recharge price. If it's selling q-coin, because q-coin recycling is now done by some third-party platforms, there will be a certain cost. Therefore, the recovery price of Q coin is generally lower than the recharge price, remember!

9. It's irresistible if you can look more pleasant in your eyes. It's very common for my affectionate heart

10. Little knowledge of blockchain: what are the characteristics of blockchain
nowadays, blockchain has become an area of public concern, and many enterprises have already studied the implementation of this technology. However, there are still a large number of people who are not familiar with the relevant concepts of blockchain technology. Recently, Viking Research Institute and think tank a jointly proced the blockchain instry dictionary. Bianews, as a media partner, has been authorized to popularize the knowledge of blockchain every day
today, bianews will bring you a little knowledge of blockchain. (2) the characteristics of blockchain
1. Anonymity / anonymousness because the data exchange between the nodes of the blockchain follows a fixed and predictable algorithm, the blockchain network does not need to be trusted and can exchange data based on address rather than personal identity
2. Autonomous / autonomous blockchain adopts consensus based mechanism, which enables all nodes in the whole system to exchange data, record data and update data freely and safely in a de trusted environment, without any human intervention
3. The open / openness blockchain system is open, and any node can have the total account book of the whole network. Except that the private information of the parties directly related to the data is encrypted by asymmetric encryption technology, the data of the blockchain is open to all nodes, so the information of the whole system is highly transparent
4. The digital nature of programmable / programmable distributed ledger means that blockchain transactions can be associated with computing logic and are programmable in nature. Therefore, users can set algorithms and rules to automatically trigger transactions between nodes
5. The traceability / Traceability blockchain stores all the historical data after the genesis block through the block data structure, and any data on the blockchain can be traced back to its origin through the chain structure
6. Tamper proof / after the information of tamper proof blockchain is added to the blockchain through consensus, it is jointly recorded by all nodes, and the mutual correlation is ensured through cryptography, so the difficulty and cost of tampering is very high
7. The collective maintenance / collectively maintain blockchain system is jointly maintained by all the nodes with maintenance function. All nodes can query blockchain data and develop related applications through open interfaces
8. No license / permissionless no license means that all nodes can request to add any transaction to the blockchain, but only if all users think it is legal.