Technology development and application of blockchain

1. Absrtact: blockchain technology is the underlying technology of bitcoin. Without any centralized organization operation and management, bitcoin has been running very stably for many years (perfectly for seven years), and there has been no problem (no missing account). Therefore, some people have noticed its underlying technology and abstracted bitcoin technology, which is called blockchain technology, Or distributed ledger technology
what is centralization

the so-called centralization means "ownership" or ownership by the company. For example, Tencent's q-coin, which is issued by Tencent, is a kind of centralized electronic currency, including the total amount and the issuing method, is supervised and controlled by Tencent. You can use it, trade and go shopping, but you always have to operate in the framework of Tencent, and the final right of interpretation belongs to Tencent

the issuing mode of bitcoin is preset by the program and encryption algorithm, and runs on multiple nodes all over the world. No one or organization can modify it (everyone has his own account book, so it is impossible for one person to control everyone's account book at the same time. If there is such a technology, why should it be so complicated, If you want to blackmail money into your account, you will be the richest man in the world. There is no one left, And it is not controlled by any single person or organization
take an example: for example, Lao Zhang borrows 100 yuan from Lao Li, but Lao Li is afraid that he will default, so he asks the village head to do notarization and write down the account. This is called centralization. But if you don't find the village head, you can use the loudspeaker to shout in the village: "I Lao Li lent Lao Zhang 100 yuan! Please put it in the account book. "We all put this account in our own account book. This is called decentralization
anyone who transfers money between them will release information through loudspeakers. After receiving the information, everyone will record the transaction in their own account book. With distributed ledgers, it doesn't matter if Lao Zhang or Lao Li's ledgers are lost, because Lao Zhao, Lao Ma, Lao Wang and other families have ledgers

the main advantages of blockchain are that it does not need intermediary participation, the whole process is open and transparent, and the cost is low, and the data security is high

at present, blockchain is in a stage where everyone talks about blockchain, but can't perceive its actual technical charm. Since 2017, it has graally come into our sight, and we have graally realized that bitcoin is more fierce than real estate speculation (the price of mining machinery has skyrocketed! The news is on the screen But I still don't know

so, in which fields can blockchain be applied, what kind of changes will it bring to our future life

the core key: everyone has an account book, everyone has an account book, and the information recorded in each person's account book is consistent and synchronous, and the information is completely transparent. If it is fake, it will be the public enemy of the whole people, which greatly increases the cost of data fraud

core key 2: decentralization, which does not need a central system to manage data, prevents some people from changing data and damages the interests of the majority of people

Application:

1. Account security and privacy protection: currency transfer, exchange, payment system. Blockchain can help prevent data manipulation and fraud, prevent distributed denial of service attacks (DDoS), and effectively protect users' network privacy. Key words: anti counterfeiting, anti-counterfeiting, loan payment

2. Copyright regulation and interest disputes: for example, when a song is downloaded, from the author to the procer and then to the singer, they can get payment in real time through the blockchain, without having to wait for a long time like the traditional way, or even get no reward e to right disputes. Instead of waiting for publishers to provide royalty checks, creators can freely control the process from publishing to payment through blockchain application. Key words: real time receipt, no property dispute

3. Internet of things + artificial intelligence: the intelligent devices in the Internet of things based on the blockchain will be used to monitor the real-time situation of urban infrastructure such as bridges, roads, power grids, etc. the blockchain can connect these intelligent devices together for unified management to help them monitor more efficiently. This will help people better understand how to build a smart city in the future. Key words: unified monitoring, intelligent city

4: proof of existence: in life, once you are asked to prove that you are you, that your mother is your mother, that you have never been married, that the house belongs to you, and so on, things seem very simple. Once it falls on you, it is a great trouble. The application of blockchain technology can perfectly solve the above embarrassment. At that time, all the information that belongs to you will be recorded accurately and can not be tampered with. No one has the right to change it. When the technology develops to a certain stage, birth certificate and marriage certificate may be recorded on the blockchain. Keywords: no keywords

in addition to the application scenarios mentioned above, blockchain technology can also be applied to e-commerce, data storage, logistics and other fields. As long as we grasp the characteristics of blockchain technology, it will become easy to understand.

2. Blockchain instry has great growth potential. Five aspects promote the healthy development of technology. Blockchain basic situation analysis blockchain technology, as a technical solution for collective maintenance of a reliable database in a decentralized way, has the characteristics of decentralization, tamper proof, highly scalable, etc., and is becoming a new technology following big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence Virtual reality and other technologies are another emerging technology that will have a significant impact on the future, which is expected to promote human beings from the era of information internet to the era of value Internet. Some countries and regions in the United States, Japan and the European Union have promoted the development of blockchain as an important national development strategy, and vigorously promoted the research and development and application of blockchain technology. China also attaches great importance to the technological innovation and instrial development of blockchain. With the joint participation of it and other enterprises, a large number of new enterprises, new procts, new models and new applications have emerged. The application of blockchain in the fields of finance, government affairs, energy, medical and other instries has graally expanded, and is becoming an important force to drive the technological proct innovation and instrial transformation of various instries. The development of blockchain can be divided into three stages, namely, blockchain 1.0, represented by bitcoin and related financial infrastructure applications, and blockchain 2.0, represented by smart contract. At present, it is graally moving towards blockchain 3.0, which is based on blockchain technology and more complex in-depth application of smart contract. Statistical analysis of blockchain investment and financing in the first half of the year since 2016, the frequency and amount of investment and financing in China's blockchain field have increased sharply. According to the statistical data of "in depth analysis report on business model innovation and investment opportunities of blockchain instry" released by foresight Instry Research Institute, in the first half of 2018, the amount of financing in the blockchain field was about 10.7 billion, with a year-on-year growth rate of 1426% compared with the same period in 2017; The number of investment and financing events in the field of blockchain has reached 205, and it is expected that the investment in the field of blockchain will usher in another peak this year. Judging from the distribution of investment and financing rounds in China's blockchain field, the investment rounds in the start-up period (before round b) account for more than 95%. There are many instry pioneers participating in the investment together, and most enterprises are still in the race. Statistics and growth of blockchain investment and financing in the first half of 2014-2018 data source: prospective instry research institute collated the statistical analysis of Chinese blockchain enterprises and registered capital. In 2013 and before, there were only 26 blockchain related enterprises registered in China. In 2016, 116 blockchain enterprises were registered, 158 were registered in 2017, and 52 were registered from January to the end of June 2018. In terms of registered capital, there are 26 enterprises in China whose registered capital is less than 1 million yuan, accounting for about 6%; 197 companies have registered capital between 1 million yuan and 9.99 million yuan, accounting for about 46%; There are 171 companies with registered capital between 10 million yuan and 100 million yuan, accounting for about 40%; There are 31 companies with more than 100 million yuan, accounting for about 7%. Statistics on the enterprises and registered capital of China's blockchain enterprises from January to June 2013-2018 data source: prospective instry research institute collates the statistics of China's blockchain enterprises in terms of regions and fields. Among the 425 blockchain enterprises, 385 enterprises are gathered in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Sichuan and Jiangsu, accounting for 90% of the total. Among them, Beijing has the largest number of enterprises, accounting for about 37% of the country. In terms of instry, China's blockchain enterprises are mainly distributed in the fields of finance, bottom public chain, enterprise services, technical solutions, data services, health care, Internet of things, transportation, games, etc. Among them, 91 enterprises are engaged in the financial field, accounting for more than 21%. China's blockchain enterprise field distribution statistics data source: prospective instry research institute collates that China attaches great importance to the development and application of blockchain technology. Driven by multiple forces such as policy, technology and market, the pace of blockchain innovation has been accelerating. It has been deeply integrated with cloud computing, big data, Internet of things and other technologies. The scope of exploration and application has also expanded from digital assets to supply chain management, intelligent manufacturing, instrial Internet, social welfare, right protection and other fields. Five aspects to promote the healthy development of blockchain technology, and promote the high-quality development of digital economy. 1. Pay close attention to the international development frontier, jointly promote the research of blockchain related technology and instry, promote the standardization of blockchain development instry behavior, and create a good development environment. 2. Strengthen the construction of blockchain core technology capabilities. Establish and improve the collaborative promotion mechanism among backbone enterprises, universities and research institutions, guide it enterprises to strengthen technical reserves, accelerate the breakthrough of key core technologies, and improve the performance, efficiency and security of blockchain. 3. Support the development of entrepreneurship and innovation in the field of blockchain, encourage the cross-border integration of blockchain enterprises and user units, guide instry organizations to establish public service platforms, support third-party organizations to carry out blockchain service evaluation and testing, promote the enrichment of instrial applications of blockchain, and serve the transformation and upgrading of entity economy. 4. Actively build and improve the blockchain standard system, accelerate the development and application of key standards, and graally build a perfect standard system. Actively connect with ITU, ISO and other international standards organizations, substantially participate in more international standardization work, and actively contribute more "Chinese power". 5. We will accelerate the improvement of the policy environment for blockchain development, support qualified enterprises to carry out application innovation and mode innovation, and guide and encourage enterprises, universities and scientific research institutes to jointly cultivate professionals needed for blockchain development. Support eligible blockchain enterprises to enjoy the preferential tax policies of the state to support the development of software instry and small and medium-sized enterprises. The instrial scale is small but the growth potential is huge. The blockchain economy is on the eve of the outbreak period. The financial instry is relatively widely used, and the application of other instries has also entered the stage of exploration and development. It is estimated that the direct market value of blockchain will increase from US $410 million to US $7.68 billion between 2017 and 2022

3. Blockchain is the core supporting technology of digital cryptocurrency system represented by bitcoin. The core advantage of blockchain technology is decentralization. It can realize point-to-point transaction, coordination and cooperation based on decentralized credit in a distributed system without mutual trust by means of data encryption, time stamp, distributed consensus and economic incentive, so as to solve the common high cost, low cost and low cost of centralized institutions Low efficiency and data storage insecurity provide solutions
the application fields of blockchain include digital currency, token, finance, anti-counterfeiting traceability, privacy protection, supply chain, entertainment, etc. with the popularity of blockchain and bitcoin, many related top domain names have been registered, which has a great impact on the domain name instry.

4. Blockchain technology is a new development of Internet technology and modern information technology. It plays an important role in China's real economy and supply side structural reform. Promote the R & D and application of blockchain technology, deeply integrate with the real economy, and create an advanced manufacturing instry. It can realize the high-quality development of China's economy and is an important driving force for the construction of a modern economic system.

5. Hello, it is reported that the public platform of SMIC blockchain in Changsha is going to launch blockchain + human resource services recently. We can look forward to how they can do blockchain + human resource applications.

6. Blockchain technology has a lot of applications in finance, and many characteristics make the future of the financial instry have a lot of imagination

for a single (domestic) central bank, bitcoin can be regarded as a "foreign exchange currency", and bitcoin will not be affected by the central bank's monetary policy. From this perspective, bitcoin is bound to bring about the so-called currency competition. When American tourists travel abroad, they will encounter the experience of exchanging foreign currency with unofficial exchange rate. The original intention of local people to exchange dollars may be to avoid the impact of high inflation (inflation tax)

if this kind of exchange can be "carried forward and widely used", the government's way of using inflation tax to increase fiscal revenue will be limited, and the traditional foreign exchange control will lose considerable effect. As long as there is Internet or telephone, people can use digital currency as the exchange medium<

challenge global currency status

although bitcoin is unlikely to replace the world's major currencies in the short term, bitcoin still has the opportunity to play a leading role in some specific occasions. The status of US dollar is obvious in many countries in the world, but the liabilities created by foreign banks under US dollar denominated deposits have brought jurisdiction problems. If the Bank of America further provides bitcoin denominated loans and accepts the redemption of bitcoin, what should the regulatory authorities do? In fact, there are similar signs in the euro dollar market today

in other words, at a time of financial crisis, if the market wants bitcoin deposits instead of US dollar deposits, then the central bank's status as "lender of last resort" in the traditional sense will be completely lost

acting as a safe haven asset

a safe haven asset does not mean a risk-free asset, but refers to the asset that investors are willing to pour in at a time of crisis. In the 1970s, real estate was a safe haven asset; In the 21st century, American debt has become a safe haven asset. Can bitcoin become the next key safe haven asset? The answer may be yes or no. But looking back on the dominant position of CUF in Hungary's mortgage loans in the time of the euro zone crisis, bitcoin obviously has a chance to become famous in the first World War: under the background of dollar inflation and bitcoin deflation, the US dollar / bitcoin exchange rate will plummet because the US Federal Reserve can't expand the supply of bitcoin

play the role of securities

in a perfect macroeconomic model, securities trading should be seamless. However, under the influence of monetary policy, the liquidity of OTC transactions of bonds is very poor. Even the ten-year US bonds with the best liquidity have had liquidity problems. Demand for good quality collateral, usually treasury bonds, has soared. If blockchain technology is mature enough, it is likely to bring billions of dollars of collateral supply to the market. Of course, lower demand for treasury bonds may lead to higher interest rates

maintain the stability of financial market

there is a view that the use of blockchain will lead to the withdrawal of global central banks from the stage of history. This possibility naturally exists, but in the short term, it is not too realistic - the central bank needs a lot of hard assets, such as real estate and human capital, to find liquidity carriers / media to completely retreat from the background

there is also a view that blockchain technology will make the financial market completely transparent, thus bringing a more robust financial system. However, it should be pointed out that the mainstream diamond and davige bank squeeze model does not rely on the opacity of the financial market. In theory, the bank's portfolio is completely transparent. But even so, unexpected large-scale redemptions can still cause problems in the financial system

the central bank's digital currency / cash

the current currency and payment structure were formed before the birth of the Internet. The world has changed dramatically, so people must learn to adapt. There is no reason to refuse the possibility of central banks providing digital currency. Before bitcoin, the U.S. Treasury provided online digital bond accounts. Although this kind of account is not used for payment system, it can be applied in theory

the digital account of the central bank has many advantages. First, depositors no longer need deposit insurance because there is no default risk in the central bank; Second, money managers who hold a lot of money can choose the central bank account as overnight deposit instead of shadow banking; Third, the cost of paper money supply will be completely eliminated; Fourth, it will be very convenient for the central bank to pay depositors' interest to facilitate the transmission of the central bank's monetary policy

practical application

Bubi blockchain has made a number of breakthroughs in the technical platform, which can meet the scenario of tens of millions of users, and has the ability to quickly build the upper application business. Bubi blockchain has been applied in equity, supply chain, points and other fields, and is concting experiments and application tests with exchanges and banks. As an integral application on Bubi blockchain platform, Shubei Hebao has been launched recently. Sunshine insurance, as the first large financial institution in China, issues blockchain integral (yangguangbei) on this platform, which is a good example for the landing application of blockchain technology in various instries

blockchain technology will have a profound impact on the financial instry and have an important impact in a long time. People will witness the profound changes in reality one by one.