Blockchain and storm
blockchain refers to the technical solution of collective maintenance of a reliable database through centralization and distrust in the past, and it is a technical way for the whole people to participate in bookkeeping. Previous bookkeeping methods were all centralized and needed centralized intermediary, whether it was traditional government, financial institutions, notarization institutions or emerging e-commerce platform and online payment platform
in economic hypothesis, information is sufficient. In fact, it is precisely because of insufficient information that there are very large intermediaries. The existence of intermediaries increases the transaction cost and raises the transaction threshold. In essence, blockchain technology is a large-scale collaboration tool. It makes direct value transfer possible by using pure technology for the first time, and continues the trend of Internet decentralization and disintermediation. Disintermediated blockchain technology will greatly subvert the information intermediary instry
blockchain technology is the basic technology for building bitcoin data structure and encrypted transmission of transaction information, which realizes the issue and transaction of bitcoin. The core of blockchain technology is that all the current participating nodes jointly maintain the transaction and database, so that the transaction is based on the principle of cryptography rather than trust, so that any agreed parties can directly carry out payment transactions without the participation of a third party
technically, a block is a data structure for recording transactions, reflecting the capital flow of a transaction. In the system, the transaction blocks are connected to form a main chain, and all the nodes participating in the calculation record the main chain or part of the main chain
a block contains the following three parts: transaction information, hash formed by the previous block and random number. Transaction information is the task data carried by the block, including the private keys of both parties, the number of transactions, the digital signature of electronic currency, etc; The hash hash formed by the previous block is used to connect the blocks and realize the sequence of past transactions; Random number is the core of the transaction. All nodes compete to calculate the answer of the random number. The node that gets the answer the fastest generates a new block and broadcasts it to all nodes for updating, so as to complete a transaction.
1. POW workload proof, which is familiar with mining, calculates a random number that meets the rules through and or operation, that is, obtains the bookkeeping right, sends out the data that needs to be recorded in this round, and stores it together with other nodes in the whole network after verification
advantages: complete decentralization, free access of nodes
disadvantages: bitcoin has attracted most of the computing power in the world, and other blockchain applications using POW consensus mechanism are difficult to obtain the same computing power to ensure their own security; Mining causes a lot of waste of resources; The period of reaching consensus is long, which is not suitable for commercial application.
2. Proof of rights and interests of POS, a mechanism of upgrading consensus of pow; According to the token proportion and time of each node; It can rece the difficulty of mining in equal proportion, so as to speed up the speed of finding random numbers< Advantages: to a certain extent, it shortens the time to reach a consensus
disadvantages: mining is still needed, which does not solve the pain point of commercial application in essence
3. Dpos share authorization certification mechanism is similar to the voting of the board of directors, in which the coin holders cast a certain number of nodes to verify and account on their behalf
advantages: greatly rece the number of participating verification and accounting nodes, which can achieve second level consensus verification
disadvantages: the whole consensus mechanism still depends on token, and many commercial applications do not need token to exist
4. Pool verification pool, which is based on traditional distributed consistency technology and data verification mechanism; It is a consensus mechanism widely used in the instry chain at present.
advantages: it can work without token, and realizes second level consensus verification on the basis of mature distributed consistency algorithms (pasox and raft)
disadvantages: the degree of decentralization is not as good as that of bictin; The multi center business model is more suitable for multi-party participation
it has great advantages in using consensus mechanism to ensure data consistency (the consensus mechanism is first proposed by ripple, and the network transaction synchronization mechanism with data correctness priority. In the consensus network, no matter how the software code changes, if you can't reach a consensus, you can't enter the network, let alone fork)
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PS: a little black, although the consensus mechanism can absolutely ensure that there will be no hard bifurcation at any time. However, the disadvantage of this mechanism is obvious, that is, it is much longer than the current bitcoin network to reach a consensus with other nodes. In extreme cases, the consequences of disconnection in ripple consensus mechanism network are also very terrible
it is possible that one day after the power failure in your home, the whole system will no longer be able to reach a consensus with other rippled nodes (in fact, the consensus mechanism requires more than 80% of the nodes to acknowledge your data before your submission will be accepted by other nodes, otherwise it will be rejected by exclusive nodes), Even you can only empty all your 500 GB data and resynchronize to connect to other ripple nodes
so at present, the existing rippled end is not suitable for civil use (if it is commercial, the impact is relatively small. For example, RL's own rippled node is hosted in Amazon cloud data center. If it has no response for a long time, it can make high claims, and there is almost no break in that place except for large disasters). This is one of the aspects RL has always wanted to improve.
Blockchain is strictly divided into three types: public chain, private chain and alliance chain. The core difference between these three types of blockchains is the degree of openness or decentralization of access rights. Generally speaking, the higher the degree of decentralization, trust and security, the lower the transaction efficiency
generally speaking, each type of blockchain has its own specific mode and value, which is better than others. As long as the demand is solved, the blockchain is valuable
blockchain originates from the underlying technology of bitcoin and is the blockchain technology of Internet. IP is connected by blockchain technology to form distributed accounting. It is not easy to tamper with and decentralize
code chain technology is the code chain technology of the Internet of things, which superimposes the Internet of things IDS one by one in a two-dimensional way to form personal records. The application of "code chain" technology will bring more efficient link forms of "people to people", "people to things" and "things to things"
Introction to code chain:
"code chain" refers to a "two-dimensional code chain" formed by using a smart phone to aim at the "two-dimensional code" and "scan", that is, to "generate a new two-dimensional code containing the scanner's DNA" and access to the "service". The whole process can be traced, supervised and managed
"code chain technology" is the most widely used two-dimensional code "scan" payment technology
code chain technology can realize more efficient link form of people to people, people to things and things to things
Introction to blockchain:
blockchain is an important concept of bitcoin. Blockchain is a series of data blocks generated by cryptography. Each data block contains the information of a bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of the information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block
in a narrow sense, blockchain is a kind of chain data structure that combines data blocks in chronological order in a sequential way, and it can not be tampered with and forged by cryptography
broadly speaking, blockchain technology is a new distributed infrastructure and computing paradigm, which uses blockchain data structure to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithm to generate and update data, uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and uses intelligent contract composed of automated script code to program and operate data
the difference between code chain digital currency and blockchain digital currency:
the difference between "code chain digital currency" based on code chain technology and the existing blockchain digital currency is that "code chain digital currency" is based on the control of property rights, and uses "intelligent two-dimensional code" as the medium to transform the contracts of various instry chains into divisible, tradable, transferable, exchangeable Traceable "smart contract" and real right exchange within the code chain alliance. In the code chain monetary system, "intelligent two-dimensional code" means "SGR". That is to say, each commodity corresponds to a "smart QR code", and this "QR code" represents the "special reference property" of the commodity. Through special reference to the exchange of property rights, the exchange of goods (barter) can be realized. This two-dimensional code, which represents "special mention of property rights", can be used as the carrier and payment means of digital currency at the same time, and payment can be completed through "two-dimensional code scanning".
bitcoin is regarded as the first generation application of blockchain technology and the most thorough application of its code testing. However, without bitcoin, there might not be so many people who knew about blockchain now. It can be said that bitcoin has greatly improved the "exposure" of blockchain technology
later, people graally found that the application value of blockchain is far more than bitcoin, but can be applied to many instries to solve the pain points of many instries; The idea of blockchain can also provide a lot of reference for the financial field, which is the real reason for the outbreak of blockchain.
You can participate in it with small funds. Bijing is the next generation Internet outlet. The following is my investment experience in the past year. I hope it can help you
taking advantage of the holiday to relax physically and mentally, I took stock of the pits I stepped on and sorted out the gains and losses. My experience is as follows
1. In the early days, I believed too much in the big V of the coin circle and bought some coins from their platform. Now it is close to zero. I feel that I am really naive to believe their lies. In the face of the temptation of huge wealth, people can hardly stand the test. Of course, they can't get beyond it. However, if they don't accept what they say and do, they will lose their moral bottom line. They make a lot of money, leaving me shivering on the top of the mountain
two, the official account of the currency circle and all kinds of media, the judgement of the market trend is almost the same as that of the throwing dice. Of course, this is not to say that the media are totally irresponsible, or that they are not competent at all. In fact, some media are more reluctant to feather their feathers and do their best to analyze projects for fans and judge the trend. But don't forget, in essence, the market is unpredictable, otherwise it will not be called the market. Makers and leeks are always playing cat and mouse games. The prediction of the media will often provide the smart makers with reverse action guide. When most media are optimistic about the market, it is also the time for the makers to raise their sickle; When the media generally think that the market needs further exploration, the makers may be stealing Yu Jiancang, which is not difficult to understand, because the media acts as the opinion leaders of leeks
Third, the current market mainly shows the characteristics of investment gold plate, with speculation as the main factor, and the real block chain value investment has not been reflected. The performance is that almost all counterfeit currencies are linked with the rise and fall of bitcoin. Why bitcoin? Because there is no other standard to rely on. If there is no killer application, this linkage effect is difficult to break, and there will not be a real bull market in the currency market. The killer applications mentioned here are not like Ethereum, such as issuing currency and being an underlying public chain, but have real landing application scenarios, which can link the virtual digital assets on the chain to the supply and demand of real scenes. At the same time, DAPP should have a good user experience and be accepted by the public outside the coin circle. In this way, digital currency will have real support, and the development of blockchain will usher in the spring, otherwise it will be speculation Fourthly, we often set out from the historical phenomenon to form the expectation of the future. In 2017, some counterfeit coins went out of the market 100 times or even higher, so I always felt that the counterfeit coins in my hand had gone up three or five times after I bought them, which was not enjoyable and not in place. As a result, I didn't sell them in time, so it was rotten in my hand. To analyze, this is not the time. At that time, there were less projects and more funds. At this time, there were more projects and less funds. The situation is just the opposite. Ignorance and greed are very dangerous. Since 2018, with the big V's profits leaving the market, the funds in the market have shrunk significantly. Even the rising market is the game of the original funds in the market, and the profit-making effect is getting smaller and smaller. The funds outside the market are waiting and waiting. Only when there is a wealth making effect, can the funds outside the market have the impulse to come in Fifthly, new ways of playing appear constantly. As the effect of making money is getting smaller and smaller, new leeks become old ones. Traditional harvesting methods are difficult to cut down the order. Only by making some innovations can leeks flock to the market. Fcoin trading, mining, firebull video and so on, has made a small number of people rich and at the same time, it has made a large number of people miserable. In essence, these projects are all capital games of drum beating and flower passing, with no change in dressing or soup. The earlier we participate, the more accounting we have. When we wait for leeks to participate, they are basically in the middle and late stage. If we put money in, they will be harvested. I, fcoin, because I participated earlier and made a small profit, but firebull participated later and was cut as soon as I went in. Fortunately, I only tried to cast a little bit Will the market rise again? The answer is yes. In two ways. On the one hand, blockchain is the trend in the future, which has formed a consensus. It is said that there is a rule that can prove whether a technology can become a trend in the future. It depends on whether the number of articles published on this technology can multiply every year. Blockchain is fully in line with this rule. On the other hand, as mentioned above, the current market is mainly capital market. So even if blockchain is not the future trend, it will still come out of a good market. Because the characteristic of the capital market is that when the capital enters the market, the market will rise, and when the capital withdraws from the market, the market will come down, and there is no reason for the capital to enter or leave the market. At present, there are not only retail investors, but also large investors and institutions in the market. What is covered is not only leeks, but also makers who cut vegetables but did not cut them. No matter who is in the currency circle, there is only one purpose, that is to make money. If the market doesn't rise, there will be no big money making effect. If it falls for a long time, it will rise. This is an irrefutable law. Of course, whether indivial investors can make money depends on their own fortunefuture plans:
first, the best policy. Strictly control the position, adjust the layout and stay away from the air currency. Position control is always the first and the lifeline of investors. After losing money, we realized the importance of position control. Now I really regret that if I didn't enter the warehouse, I wouldn't be so deep. So far, decisively clear all the air projects, and more or less free up a little money. Then, select a few high-quality projects to make fixed investment, if the funds are not enough, a small part can be disbursed from the daily income. To do this well, we need to make up an important link, that is learning. In the past, I didn't know whether the project was good or bad, but I didn't learn enough and my skills were shallow. It's better to focus on study than on reading the market, consulting the public number and asking for information. The accumulated knowledge and skills are also a kind of wealth, and no one can take them away. It is necessary to learn the basic knowledge of economy, finance and investment, as well as the knowledge of blockchain. I have read some books (general knowledge of economics, one course of economics, Xiangshuai's finance course at Peking University (I get a subscription, but I can't provide an electronic version), buffet's rule, buffet's Guide to read financial report, blockchain technology guide, decoding blockchain complete works), and give the link address (link:
< Yun class = "ikqb Yun box" data)_ Title: "decoding the complete set of blockchain" data_ size="" data_ filelogo=" https://gss0.bdstatic.com//yun-file-logo/file-logo-6.png " data_ number="1" data_ sharelink=" https://pan..com/s/1ZLfb1k2Z9M7Q6NEJn6ocdg " data_ Code = "sbmv" > < / Yun >
extract code: SBMV) you can download it when you need it Second, the medium strategy. Do oversold rebound. Small earning effect does not mean no earning effect. We must invest small funds in one or two projects, and we must go in and out quickly when there is a sharp drop and most people feel panic. We must not be in love with war You can focus on one or two big public accounts to judge the panic of the market.) Third, the worst way. Make a wool party. On the premise of not wasting energy, it's OK to get candy and some welfare. In the current market, grasshopper is also meat. The traditional way of getting candy is too cumbersome. We found two candy delivery platform projects, one is the fulcrum:the other is the ant Miner:
the former airdrops all kinds of candy from time to time, and at the same time has the social attribute of the community. It operates in a systematic way and obtains the strategic investment of coin safety and fire coin; The latter is a brand new candy game platform of candy world, which accumulates candy in the form of chicken laying game. It is reported that it has just won the strategic investment of gbls (Global sleepless blockchain Leaders Summit)
in addition, some dapps in the testing stage are also worth a try. Anyway, it doesn't involve any energy. It's just a way to relax after work. Fighting video (IOS version: https://fir.im/51ds Android version: http://a.app.qq.com/o/simple.jsppkgname=com.xysk.mvpart.douxi , invitation code: wn4viz), focusing on the vertical segmentation of professional artists, fans can accumulate star power and sign in every day to get stars. Stars can be exchanged for prizes or sold in private. October is the right time to go online
connect the device to the computer with USB cable, and then you will hear the prompt sound that the computer has been connected successfully
please turn off the device first, and then you will hear the prompt that the computer is not connected successfully
first press and hold the power key to display the apple logo, and then press and hold the on / off key and the home key until the logo disappears. Continue to press and hold the power key for about 4-5 seconds, and continue to press and hold the home key until an iPhone in recovery mode is detected by iTunes (if successful, the iPhone should be in black screen). If redsn0w is used to detect, the device model in DFU will be displayed at the bottom of the interface< Method 2: enter DFU in any state (white apple or unlimited restart)
connect the device to the computer
Press and hold the on / off key and home key directly until the logo disappears. Just follow the above steps
method 3: do not press the key to enter the DFU (it is recommended to use the device with damaged key)
download the firmware of the device corresponding to the latest system version (do not use the firmware that Apple has closed for verification)
Download redsn0w and enter extra even more DFU IPSW in turn
at this time, redsn0w will prompt you that this is the operation of making DFU firmware, not the normal operation of restoring the system. The choice is
after selecting the latest official firmware, redsn0w will start making DFU firmware and wait for completion
Open iTunes, close redsn0w, shift + restore (for Mac, please use option + restore) and select the DFU firmware (prefixed with enter)_ DFU), wait for error 37 in the recovery process. At this time, the device is already in DFU mode.
different investors have different views. No matter they think it's a bubble sworn faction, or they regard it as a good candidate for the draught, they do not deny that the block chain is a tool that people can not ignore to change the society. Therefore, it is an important choice to join the blockchain investment platform.