Blockchain private chain Internet of things

1. blockchain is a new application mode of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm to establish trust and obtain interests between different nodes in the blockchain system
blockchain is the underlying technology of bitcoin, like a database ledger, recording all transaction records. Because of its safety and convenience, this technology has graally attracted the attention of the banking and financial instry
in April 2018, a group of scholars from Oxford University announced the establishment of Woolf University, the world's first blockchain University
in a narrow sense, blockchain is a kind of chain data structure that combines data blocks in chronological order in a sequential way, and it can not be tampered with and forged by cryptography
broadly speaking, blockchain technology is a new distributed infrastructure and computing method, which uses blockchain data structure to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithm to generate and update data, uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and uses intelligent contract composed of automated script code to program and operate data.

2.

From the perspective of technology and architecture, I will tell you my understanding of blockchain in common language

what is blockchain? In a word, blockchain is a storage system. To be more specific, blockchain is a distributed storage system without an administrator and each node has all the data

What are the common storage systems like

first, how to ensure high availability

the common storage system usually uses "rendancy" to solve the problem of high availability. As shown in the figure above, if the data can be copied into several copies and rendant to multiple places, high availability can be guaranteed. The data in one place is hung, and there is data in other places. For example, the master-slave cluster of MySQL is the same principle, and the raid of disk is also the same principle

two points need to be emphasized in this place are: data rendancy often leads to consistency problems

1. For example, in the master-slave cluster of MySQL, there is actually a delay in reading and writing, which means there is a inconsistency in reading and writing in a short period of time. This is a side effect of data rendancy

The second point is that data rendancy often reces the efficiency of writing, because data synchronization also consumes resources. If you add two slave libraries, the write efficiency will be affected. The common storage system is to use rendancy to ensure the high availability of data

so the second question, ordinary storage system, can write more

the answer is yes, for example, take this graph as an example:

in fact, MySQL can do a master-slave synchronization of al masters, master-slave synchronization of al masters, two nodes can be written at the same time. If you want to do a multi room multi live data center, in fact, multi room multi live data synchronization. What we should emphasize here is that multi-point writing often leads to the consistency problem of writing conflicts. Take MySQL as an example, suppose that the attribute of a table is self incrementing ID, then the data in the database is 1234 now. If one of the nodes writes and inserts a piece of data, it may become 5, and then these 5 pieces of data are synchronized to another master node, Before synchronization, if another write node inserts a piece of data, a piece of data with self incrementing ID of 5 will be generated. Then, after the generation, synchronize to another node, and the synchronized data will conflict with the two local 5's after it arrives, which will lead to synchronization failure and write consistency conflict. This problem will occur in the case of multi-point writing

how to ensure consistency in multi-point writing

the reform "Swan class" gives you more technical work

3. Blockchain technology is a decentralized distributed ledger database, which is characterized by decentralization, open and transparent data, transparent information and difficult to tamper with
at present, blockchain technology has been applied in many fields such as supply chain, manufacturing instry, social welfare, public service, etc. blockchain technology can be applied in smart contract, securities, record preservation, etc.

4.

1. What is the Internet of things

in fact, in a simple way, big data is to assist decision-making by analyzing and mining a full amount of non sampling data

the characteristics of big data

big data refers to the massive, high growth rate and diversified information capital that needs new data processing mode to collect, store, manage and analyze its content for the purpose of serving decision-making

big data has the following essential characteristics:

1. The fundamental purpose is to serve decision-making. Big data can help all kinds of organizations and indivials greatly improve their decision-making ability and make better decisions and judgments

Big data usually refers to the amount of data above 100t, which is difficult to be calculated effectively by traditional calculation methods, but must rely on new calculation methods and data mining tools

3. High frequency, big data is the data generated by user participation and interaction, according to the user's network traces to timely understand the user's relevant data, this kind of data is high-frequency data calculated by day or even hour. But the traditional data frequency is very low, many data are calculated by month or even by year

Big data is real-time data and can react in real time. For example, entering a keyword in the web search box can instantly present it, while the traditional data collection method is seriously lagging behind

5. Always online. Online is the precondition of big data. From this point of view, big data is always online and can be called at any time. By analyzing the traces of users on various network terminals, big data can better analyze users' behaviors, emotions, thoughts, hobbies and needs, so as to make better decisions and analysis

three key points of big data

first, the availability of data. At present, in China, the development of big data is seriously constrained by the lack of publicity of government information, a lot of data is difficult to obtain, leading to the difficulty of real big data mining and analysis, which requires the government to open more data in time to improve the availability of data

Secondly, the scientific model construction. The scientific nature of the model directly determines the quality of data analysis, which requires a high level of modeling, of course, the more data is concive to the reasonable construction of the model

Third, use experts to refine opinions. The original and high-quality viewpoint based on data mining, which provides the basis for decision-making, highly relies on high-quality data interpretation, which reflects the value of instry experts

provided by IOT media

5.

The public chain is open to all, the private chain is open to indivials who meet specific conditions, and the alliance chain is open to authorized organizations or institutions

public chain, also known as public blockchains, refers to a consensus blockchain that can be read by anyone in the world, sent by anyone, and effectively confirmed

private chain, also known as fully private blockchains, refers to the blockchain in which the write permission is completely in the hands of an organization, and all nodes participating in the blockchain will be strictly controlled

alliance chain, or alliance blockchains, refers to a blockchain that is managed by several organizations or institutions. Each organization or institution controls one or more nodes and records transaction data together. Only these organizations and institutions can read, write and send transaction data in the alliance chain

< H2 > extended data:

blockchain has three types: public chain, private chain and alliance chain

blockchain is a new application mode of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies

blockchain is an important concept of bitcoin. It is essentially a disintermediated database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated by using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains the information of a bitcoin network transaction, Used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block

< H2 > reference: blockchain network

6.

Since 2018, the blockchain instry has been booming. The exploration and application of blockchain is not limited to the underlying platform. Internet giants and financial giants have strengthened the application of blockchain in finance, public welfare, commodity traceability and other fields, especially in the financial field. The application with blockchain technology as the core has been accelerated

the blockchain instry is in the stage of rapid development. According to the data of in-depth analysis report on business model innovation and investment opportunities of blockchain instry published by foresight Instry Research Institute, , by the end of March 2018, 456 blockchain companies mainly engaged in blockchain business in China, from upstream hardware manufacturing, platform services, security services to downstream instrial technology application services, To ensure the development of the instry investment and financing, media, talent services, companies in various fields have been basically complete

analysis on the trend of the number of newly established companies and financing events in China's blockchain instry from 2013 to 2018, The application scenarios of blockchain have been graally enriched. According to the distribution of instry segments, there are 7 instry application companies, mainly Internet companies (Alibaba, Jingdong, Tencent) used in public welfare and commodity traceability, and innovative financial technology applications evolved by financial enterprises (Ping An, CMB, BOC), such as supply chain finance, bills and transaction clearing

because the blockchain can realize the non tampering of information, the possibility of data falsification is eliminated from the root, especially the financial instry, which has high requirements for real data, will embrace the blockchain more actively

analysis on the development trend of blockchain

Secondly, blockchain has become a new hot spot for innovation and entrepreneurship, and technology integration will expand new application space

Thirdly, blockchain will be widely implemented in the real economy in the next three years, and become an important support for the construction of Digital China

Fourthly, blockchain creates a new platform economy and opens a new era of sharing economy

Fifthly, blockchain accelerates the process of "credible digitization" and drives finance to "move from virtual to real" to serve the real economy

Sixth, the blockchain supervision and standard system will be further improved, and the instrial development foundation will continue to be consolidated

in addition, as an emerging technology, there are still many technical difficulties in the application of blockchain in the actual proction environment of the financial instry, such as throughput, scalability, consensus mechanism, privacy and security, manageability, etc

technological innovation such as blockchain is of great significance to the financial instry, which is expected to accelerate the process of "credible digitization" and continue to drive the financial "from virtual to real"