Blockchain technology and financial planning from now on

1. blockchain is a kind of technology. "In the simplest and most popular way, blockchain technology is everyone bookkeeping, or distributed ledger."
in the Internet era, there is a database behind every system. This database can be regarded as a large account book. In the past, the person who maintained the system was responsible for managing the database and recording the user's behavior, that is, bookkeeping. However, the blockchain is "decentralized", which allows every member of the system to participate in it, not only everyone bookkeeping, but also through links, Everyone can have a complete account book
"blockchain is essentially a collective recording mode. What's special is that it adopts a set of techniques in an ingenious way to realize the authenticity and credibility of the recorded results, which is difficult to destroy and tamper with. " Zhang Xiaorong said, "first, everyone has the right to record and authenticate with each other to distinguish the true from the false, which is called consensus mechanism; Second, no one can tamper with the records, because there are cryptographic signatures; Third, everyone has a , so even if some account books are damaged, the whole will not be affected. This is called distributed storage. The information recorded in this way is presented in block mode according to the time chain, so it is called blockchain. "
various cryptocurrencies represented by bitcoin are originally an application of blockchain technology, which can be described as blockchain version 1.0. However, around 2014, the instry began to realize the important value of blockchain technology. Blockchain graally separated from digital currency and applied to various economic and social fields other than digital currency
it has broad application prospects
blockchain technology is considered as a disruptive innovation after steam engine, electric power and Internet. If the steam engine and electricity liberate the proctivity, and the Internet has changed the way of information transmission, the blockchain, as a machine for building trust, may change the way of value transmission
for example, in the financial field, the cost of reconciliation, clearing and settlement between financial institutions, especially cross-border financial institutions, has always been very high, and there are complex manual processes. The application of blockchain technology can help rece the cost of reconciliation and dispute resolution between financial institutions, and significantly improve the processing speed and efficiency of payment business, It also makes small cross-border payments possible. In December 2017, China Merchants Bank completed the RMB position transfer business from Hongkong Wing Lung Bank to Shenzhen Branch of Wing Lung Bank. This is the world's first interbank cross-border RMB clearing business based on blockchain technology
in addition, according to the white paper 2016 on China's blockchain technology and application development issued by the Ministry of instry and information technology of China, the application of blockchain has been extended to medical and health, ecation, charity, social management and other fields. Taking the cultural instry as an example, the low cost of reproction, the high cost of safeguarding rights, and the difficulty of providing evidence make the protection of intellectual property rights a pain point for the instry. With blockchain, the proction, dissemination and transaction records of cultural procts are true, transparent and reliable, and the problem can be solved
Zhang Xiaorong said that blockchain technology has solved two major problems in the era of Digital Economy: one is the visible flow direction, and the other is zero trust cost. In the past, the circulation of physical paper money was invisible, but the flow of all digital assets had a "chain" to check. Yang Yanchao, a researcher at the intellectual property center of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, also believes that the biggest advantage of blockchain is that it has truly completed the credit construction in an anonymous society, bringing new opportunities to many fields, thus making various innovative applications possible
there is a long way to go in the future development
in terms of technology promotion, there is no big barrier to blockchain, which has been confirmed in the global practice of bitcoin, and its main resistance comes from the obstacles in concept and implementation
"on the one hand, the society may be very concerned about the" naked "state in the blockchain. Blockchain has built a "Skynet" for the commercial society. The company's economic activities are all recorded, so there is no secret to speak of. In this way, some business strategies may not be implemented under the blockchain. "
"on the other hand, the current legal system lags behind the development of information technology, so how to put the emerging blockchain technology under the legal supervision needs to be studied." Duan Yongchao said
the core of blockchain is decentralization, which will have an impact on the long-standing central management model. In addition to the law, how to establish a regulatory environment that can promote the application of blockchain technology, so that the technology can benefit the society and not be used to do evil, is also an urgent problem to be solved.

2. Blockchain technology uses mathematical methods to achieve distributed accounting and solve the trust problem, so as to complete the decentralization, which will bring far-reaching influence in many fields such as communication, finance, Internet of things, government management and so on
blockchain refers to the technical solution of collective maintenance of a reliable database through centralization and distrust in the past, and it is a technical way for the whole people to participate in bookkeeping. Previous bookkeeping methods were all centralized and needed centralized intermediary, whether it was traditional government, financial institutions, notarization institutions or emerging e-commerce platform and online payment platform
in economic hypothesis, information is sufficient. In fact, it is precisely because of insufficient information that there are very large intermediaries. The existence of intermediaries increases the transaction cost and raises the transaction threshold. In essence, blockchain technology is a large-scale collaboration tool. It makes direct value transfer possible by using pure technology for the first time, and continues the trend of Internet decentralization and disintermediation. Disintermediated blockchain technology will greatly subvert the information intermediary instry
blockchain technology is the basic technology for building bitcoin data structure and encrypted transmission of transaction information, which realizes the issue and transaction of bitcoin. The core of blockchain technology is that all the current participating nodes jointly maintain the transaction and database, so that the transaction is based on the principle of cryptography rather than trust, so that any agreed parties can directly carry out payment transactions without the participation of a third party
technically, a block is a data structure for recording transactions, reflecting the capital flow of a transaction. In the system, the transaction blocks are connected to form a main chain, and all the nodes participating in the calculation record the main chain or part of the main chain
a block contains the following three parts: transaction information, hash formed by the previous block and random number. Transaction information is the task data carried by the block, including the private keys of both parties, the number of transactions, the digital signature of electronic currency, etc; The hash hash formed by the previous block is used to connect the blocks and realize the sequence of past transactions; Random number is the core of the transaction. All nodes compete to calculate the answer of the random number. The node that gets the answer the fastest generates a new block and broadcasts it to all nodes for updating, so as to complete a transaction.

3. Of course, this is OK
first of all, blockchain is actually a centralized database or a decentralized database, and all technical units are for better maintenance of the public database. Each node keeps a of data independently. Consensus algorithm is used to achieve the data consistency of the node's account book, and cryptographic algorithm is used to ensure the data can not be tampered, and the data can not be tampered and the security of data sending and receiving; Through the script system, the expression scope of account data is expanded
secondly, financial sharing center involves a large amount of financial data. We can combine the technical characteristics of blockchain with Financial Sharing Center. Next, I will combine the technical characteristics of blockchain with Financial Sharing Center
① distributed storage is a distributed database of the blockchain, and each node keeps a of the data independently. If this is combined with the Financial Sharing Center, The users who can join the "financial data on the chain" in the financial sharing chain are equivalent to the "nodes" in the blockchain network, and each user can keep a of the financial data separately, so as to achieve the purpose of sharing
② tampering is not allowed. A very important feature of blockchain technology is that the data cannot be tampered, To ensure the security of a data in the Financial Sharing Center, we need to consider the security as long as the financial data is involved.
of course, before doing the Financial Sharing Center, you must determine your specific needs, if necessary, first write a framework of the whole project, and then find a formal blockchain development team according to the needs, To help you develop this "Financial Sharing Center", we must pay attention to that before formal cooperation is reached, don't disclose the information of your project casually, in order to prevent the same kind from being copied.

4.

A: the main application fields of blockchain technology are finance, Internet of things and logistics, public service, digital right, insurance and public welfare

First, in the field of finance,

blockchain has great potential application value in international exchange, letter of credit, equity registration, stock exchange and other financial fields

Second, the Internet of things and logistics

blockchain can also be naturally combined in the field of Internet of things and logistics. Through blockchain, we can rece logistics costs, trace the proction and delivery process of goods, and improve the efficiency of supply chain management

Third, in the field of public service, blockchain is closely related to people's proction and life in the fields of public management, energy and transportation. However, the centralization of these fields also brings some problems, which can be transformed by blockchain

Fourthly, in the field of digital right, through blockchain technology, works can be authenticated to prove the existence of text, video, audio and other works and ensure the authenticity and uniqueness of ownership

In the field of insurance, insurance institutions are responsible for fund collection, investment and claim settlement, and often have higher management and operation costs

Sixth, the data stored on the public welfare field

blockchain is highly reliable and tamperable, which is naturally suitable for social public welfare scenarios. The relevant information in the public welfare process, such as donation project, collection details, fund flow, recipient feedback, etc., can be stored on the blockchain, and can be made transparent and public, which is convenient for social supervision

5. Blockchain is a technical solution to collectively maintain a reliable database through centralization and distrust. This technical solution allows any number of nodes in the participating system to calculate and record all the information exchange data in the system in a period of time to a data block through cryptography algorithm, and generate the fingerprint of the data block for linking the next data block and checking. All participating nodes in the system jointly determine whether the record is true
blockchain can improve the way of data recording in audit. In the current network audit, although there is an early warning mechanism, it still needs auditors to judge and handle the abnormal records manually; Blockchain can automatically process the abnormal records through whether each node verifies and approves the block and the transaction information in it, whether the network node is attacked, and whether the account book of each node is complete, so as to make real-time audit possible. Auditors can directly access and query the effective information on the blockchain, judge whether the processing is reasonable and make corrections. In the blockchain, timestamps are used to record various transactions and operations, which can achieve historical traceability and tracking, and greatly improve the quality and efficiency of audit
blockchain can change the storage mode of audit data. In traditional audit, data are stored in an audit center server, which not only has the problems of high load and slow running speed, but also is vulnerable to attack; The blockchain audit system is a typical distributed storage, each node has the same backup, which can not only save the high cost and maintenance costs of the server, but also ensure the integrity of the data
semi public private chain can be used for audit. Blockchain can be divided into three forms: public chain, semi open private chain and full private chain. Considering the characteristics of audit instry, it is appropriate to adopt semi open private chain mode. For the audited units and enterprises, some trade secret information is not disclosed, but the pre selected nodes within the group decide the generation of the block. External suppliers can participate in the transaction but not the accounting process. Externally, it provides a third-party query node to query through the open API. In this way, it can not only ensure the internal privacy of the enterprise, but also enable the external auditors to implement real-time audit query.

6. Instry application of Newton
1) Chain retail: under the corporate organizational structure, capital gains have far exceeded labor gains. With the development of computer and Internet, a new generation of giant retail institutions accelerate the accumulation of wealth to capital. Chain business is the basic business model of human-computer community, and any behavior that has a positive contribution to human-computer community will be encouraged. The application of chain business model in the retail instry is concive to recing transaction costs, protecting consumer privacy and promoting intelligent cooperation
newmall: in the online mall of newmall, because there is no profitable commercial intermediary, the transaction cost of the seller will be greatly reced, and consumers, service providers and other participants can get the incentive of Newton's pass according to the contribution value (newforce)
new digital asset management: as a new digital asset of users, consumption data can be managed through tools such as newpay. Users really own the data, carry out authorization control, pricing and charging, and eliminate the data disclosure without knowledge
targeted advertising: users can set whether to accept marketing, as well as the required information type and price range through newpay and other tools. Advertisers set marketing plans through various marketing smart contract templates built into the system, including target users, incentive mode, settlement method, dynamic price adjustment rules, etc. Advertisers can accurately put in advertisements, make point-to-point settlement with users, and eliminate advertising fraud< br />2 Payment: the current payment cost is high, the efficiency is low, and the flexibility is poor. Through blockchain and other technologies, we can build a new generation of transaction and payment system. Internet of things devices based on newiot technology can access newchain at a very low cost. Smart contracts can be established between devices to realize automatic settlement and payment, meeting the high-frequency requirements in this scenario
Global Payment: through the global distribution of newchain infrastructure and newpay payment tools, cross-border transactions are simple and convenient, and the cost is extremely low
3) supply chain: goods are usually delivered to consumers through logistics, warehousing, customs clearance, sales and many other links. When there is after-sales service, there will be a corresponding reverse process. The current supply chain is basically opaque, and it is difficult for consumers to confirm the origin and circulation information of goods. For some instries, such as food, medicine and luxury goods, this is a big problem. Therefore, a transparent and credible supply chain system for all stakeholders is very important
through the combination of atomic hash, newiot, newchain and other technologies, the supply chain system will be credible, open and transparent, and generate more business innovation
4) self financing: the traditional financial service system has the characteristics of heavy workload, long cycle, high cost and poor flexibility, which is usually difficult to serve small and medium-sized enterprises and indivials. Through digital identity and credit, a new self financing system can be established
enterprise and indivial credit: enterprises and indivials establish a consistent credit system based on newid. Only after authorization, can a third party obtain credit records
Asset Securitization: through the smart contract template, financial organizations can create financial procts without human participation. Through the relevant token tools based on newchain, all kinds of assets can be easily valued or transformed into token on the chain
5) gaming: by combining with blockchain technology, a new game experience can be created: users are both players and rule participants, and virtual game assets are owned by users
automatic transaction of virtual game assets: through the cross chain and Oracle technology provided by newchain, the virtual items in various games can be easily recorded on the blockchain, and the automatic transaction can be realized
game with transparent rules: game developers can easily establish algorithm transparent game logic through newchain related smart contract tools to improve the fairness and transparency of the game
6) agriculture: Currently, there are many problems in agriculture, such as incomplete data and low degree of automation. Block chain combined with Internet of things technology can automatically collect, store and analyze proction data, save the high maintenance cost of centralized management system, rece the later maintenance cost, and help to improve the intelligent and large-scale level of agriculture
traceability of agricultural procts: by introcing the Internet of things equipment compatible with newiot standard into the process of agricultural means circulation, agricultural proction and agricultural procts sales, the safety and efficiency of the whole process of agricultural proction can be improved. Due to the non tampering characteristics of proction data, it can be widely used in scientific research and anti-counterfeiting purposes
intelligent planting: through the Internet of things sensor compatible with newiot standard, it can realize the all-weather monitoring of the planting environment and crop growth. Combined with newai, it can make intelligent decisions on the monitoring results, and build a complete set of intelligent planting system, which can discover risks in time, stabilize proction and increase income
7) public welfare: with its characteristics of decentralization, high transparency and tamper proof information, blockchain technology naturally meets the needs of the public welfare field. Public welfare organizations can store the whole process information from fund-raising, project progress, use of donation and feedback from recipients on newchain for the convenience of donors and the public< Public welfare audit: public welfare activities need public welfare audit to improve efficiency and maintain trust. Through newchain, newid and other technologies and agreements, every donation will be traceable. Public welfare institutions can track the later situation of the relief objects through relevant tools, which helps to enhance the fairness and transparency of public welfare
wildlife protection: using newiot technology, the data of rare wildlife resources can be recorded on newchain, so as to track the location, body index, etc. of each specific animal, providing key information help for migration scientific research tracking, combating poaching and trafficking.

7. 1. Blockchain in the field of payment: the cost of reconciliation, clearing and settlement between financial institutions, especially cross-border financial institutions, is high, and many manual processes are involved; The application of blockchain technology can rece the cost of reconciliation and dispute resolution between financial institutions, significantly improve the efficiency of the payment field, and make it easier for financial institutions to handle small cross-border payment business, which is concive to the realization of inclusive financial business. 2. In the field of clearing and settlement: different financial institutions have different infrastructure structures and business processes, involving many manual processes, which greatly increases business costs and is prone to errors. The application of blockchain technology, combined with the assets on the chain mentioned in the second point, can complete the point-to-point real-time clearing and settlement, so as to rece the cost of value transfer, shorten the time, improve efficiency, and both sides of the transaction can obtain good privacy protection. 3. Asset management: equity, bonds, bills and other assets are entrusted by different intermediaries, which increases the transaction cost of assets and brings the problem of forged vouchers. With the application of blockchain technology, this kind of assets can be digitized into digital assets on the chain. With the characteristics of irreversibility, non tampering and openness of blockchain, the efficiency of asset transaction can be improved and the cost of asset management can be reced. Because the characteristics of blockchain are irreversible and tamperable, the information is confidential and secure, the point-to-point transaction transmission is decentralized, and the information can be traced reliably; In order to rece intermediate costs and improve efficiency, it is not only used in accounting and auditing, but also can be applied to all walks of life. Now we can see the mode of blockchain cooperation operation from behind the operation of all walks of life. Therefore, blockchain will widely and profoundly change the way of human life, so the whole life service will enter the era of blockchain. In the process of Internet development, blockchain + physical instry, blockchain e-commerce and blockchain community operation can be applied to blockchain technology.