Blockchain and law governed by code
From the perspective of technology and architecture, I will tell you my understanding of blockchain in common language
what is blockchain? In a word, blockchain is a storage system. To be more specific, blockchain is a distributed storage system without an administrator and each node has all the data
What are the common storage systems like
first, how to ensure high availability
the common storage system usually uses "rendancy" to solve the problem of high availability. As shown in the figure above, if the data can be copied into several copies and rendant to multiple places, high availability can be guaranteed. The data in one place is hung, and there is data in other places. For example, the master-slave cluster of MySQL is the same principle, and the raid of disk is also the same principle
two points need to be emphasized in this place are: data rendancy often leads to consistency problems
1. For example, in the master-slave cluster of MySQL, there is actually a delay in reading and writing, which means there is a inconsistency in reading and writing in a short period of time. This is a side effect of data rendancy
The second point is that data rendancy often reces the efficiency of writing, because data synchronization also consumes resources. If you add two slave libraries, the write efficiency will be affected. The common storage system is to use rendancy to ensure the high availability of dataso the second question, ordinary storage system, can write more
the answer is yes, for example, take this graph as an example:
in fact, MySQL can do a master-slave synchronization of al masters, master-slave synchronization of al masters, two nodes can be written at the same time. If you want to do a multi room multi live data center, in fact, multi room multi live data synchronization. What we should emphasize here is that multi-point writing often leads to the consistency problem of writing conflicts. Take MySQL as an example, suppose that the attribute of a table is self incrementing ID, then the data in the database is 1234 now. If one of the nodes writes and inserts a piece of data, it may become 5, and then these 5 pieces of data are synchronized to another master node, Before synchronization, if another write node inserts a piece of data, a piece of data with self incrementing ID of 5 will be generated. Then, after the generation, synchronize to another node, and the synchronized data will conflict with the two local 5's after it arrives, which will lead to synchronization failure and write consistency conflict. This problem will occur in the case of multi-point writing
how to ensure consistency in multi-point writing
the reform "Swan class" gives you more technical work
As of May 2020, blockchain and digital currency are illegal in China
according to the announcement of the people's Bank of China Central Network Information Office, Ministry of instry and information technology, State Administration for Instry and commerce, China Banking Regulatory Commission, China Securities Regulatory Commission and China Insurance Regulatory Commission on preventing the risks of token issuance and financing, Article 2 no organization or indivial shall illegally engage in token issuance and financing activities. Organizations and indivials that have completed the token issuance and financing should make arrangements such as refund, reasonably protect the rights and interests of investors, and properly handle risks. Relevant departments will seriously investigate and deal with the activities of token issuance and financing that refuse to stop and the illegal behaviors in completed token issuance and financing projects
Article 3 strengthen the management of token financing trading platform
from the date of this announcement, any so-called token financing trading platform shall not engage in the exchange business between legal currency and token and "virtual currency", and shall not buy or sell token or "virtual currency" as a central counter party, and shall not provide pricing for token or "virtual currency" Information intermediary and other services
extension data
"illegal financial institutions and illegal financial business activities ban" stipulates that:
eleventh, the criminal suspect, funds and property involved in illegal financial institutions and illegal financial activities, and the public security organs shall take compulsory measures according to law to prevent suspect from escaping and transferring funds and property. p>
Article 12 the people's Bank of China shall, after investigation and confirmation, make a decision to ban the illegal financial institutions and financial business activities, declare them illegal, order them to stop all business activities, and make an announcement
Article 13 if the people's Bank of China discovers that a financial institution opens an account, handles settlement and provides loans for an illegal financial institution or illegal financial business activities, it shall order the financial institution to stop the relevant business activities immediately. No unit or indivial may use the relevant funds without authorizationChinese Mahjong: the world's earliest blockchain project
first of all, a initiates an application. I want to play mahjong and set up a mahjong Bureau, which is equivalent to creating a block, and this block will be broadcast to B, C, D, a, B, C, C, C, C, C, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D D...
in the process of playing mahjong, the above four people constantly play cards, which can be understood as mining, through what to mine? Mahjong machine can understand the mineralization machine. These four miners are the so-called miners. These four miners collide from 144 mahjong, and any right card can be Hu card. We can understand the 144 mahjong as a series of hash values (numbers). The process of Hu card is called computational power. Until Hu card, it means that the right hash value is collided and you can get a reward, Each person will pay the corresponding chips to C and put them in the blockchain. The reward is bitcoin or other virtual coins
Why do the other three people take the initiative to reward C? That's because these people have automatically reached a consensus that C has indeed won, and everyone has recorded the account, including the family members who are sitting next to buy horses. It's not good to deny it, otherwise when it comes out that the character is not good, no one will play with him again. After all, the circle is very important
when we reached a consensus, we didn't see any intermediary or third party judging that C had won, and the rewards given to C didn't need to be transferred to C through the third party. All of them were direct point-to-point transactions. This process was decentralization. The card players (miners) recorded their own achievements in the first game, and the third team won the first game, After the record is completed, a complete block is generated. But remember, this is only the first round. In the whole blockchain, this is just a node. The first eight rounds are finished, that is, eight nodes (blocks). Eight blocks are connected together to form a complete account book, which is the blockchain. Because everyone has one account book, it is a distributed account book. The purpose is to prevent someone from tampering with records. In the end, it is clear who wins or loses.
after registering the main body of the foundation, we still need to do later legal compliance, the main purpose is to draw a clear line between law and crime, but I said it doesn't count. Because digital token is indispensable for blockchain. To put it bluntly, digital currency drives the popularization of blockchain in China, but what's the fact? Digital currency is just a small application of blockchain technology
e to the particularity of the instry, At present, there are no formal laws and regulations to restrict its development, involving a wide range of violations:
pyramid selling
illegal fund-raising
money laundering
absorbing public deposits
illegal operation
transnational foreign exchange crimes
providing more convenience for terrorist financing
therefore, different countries in the world have different attitudes towards blockchain, and China is explicitly prohibited, So we all go overseas to develop projects, such as Singapore and Thailand. First, the local laws and regulations are required. Who has the final say in the matter of whether the project is legal? There are two ways: to apply for a formal digital transaction license or to rely on a legal opinion issued by a lawyer. At present, the latter is in the majority, easy to operate and low cost.
Using blockchain technology to store and issue electronic evidence is the basis of the application of blockchain technology in the legal field
in the whole life cycle of electronic data generation, collection, transmission and storage, blockchain technology can protect electronic data, prevent tampering, and leave traces of data operation
using blockchain technology to preserve electronic evidence, the electronic data that needs to be deposited is recorded in the form of transaction, stamped with time stamp, and recorded in the block, so as to complete the process of data preservation and deposit. In the process of data storage, multiple participant nodes witness together and maintain a distributed ledger, which greatly reces the possibility of data loss, tampering and attack
the combination of blockchain and electronic data storage can rece the cost of electronic data storage, facilitate electronic data collection and evidence identification, and improve litigation efficiency
what is a legal opinion? In fact, legal opinions are a general term. They actually include four aspects
1. White paper compliance
2. Token non securitization certification compliance
3. Private placement terms compliance
4. Public offering compliance
mainly focuses on these four aspects
As an E-contract platform that focused on blockchain technology as early as 2015, we have taken the lead in the instry to set up a blockchain team in the early stage, invested in the research of cryptography, distributed ledger storage structure, consensus mechanism and other core underlying technologies of blockchain, explored the application scenarios of blockchain technology in the legal science and technology instry, and cooperated with a number of domestic authoritative judicial appraisal institutions and The notary office has set up a certificate storage alliance chain. At present, the legal department mainly applies blockchain technology to the field of electronic data distributed certificate storage, including contract certificate storage, e-mail certificate storage, document certificate storage, structured data certificate storage, etc