National policies on blockchain Technology

1. Globally, governments have different attitudes towards blockchain and blockchain assets, but on the whole, they are still in the exploration period
European and American countries are actively monitoring. Germany is the first country to recognize bitcoin and other digital assets as private property. The US CFTC (US Commodity Futures Commission) has identified bitcoin as a commodity. The state of New York has issued three bitlicenses
the situation in Asia is different. Japan actively supports it. In April this year, Japan implemented the payment services act, officially recognizing bitcoin as a legal payment method
South Korea is actively monitoring. In July, South Korea's "bitcoin Regulation Act" came out, setting a threshold of 500 million won for investors
China has strict supervision. In September, the people's Bank of China and other seven ministries and commissions jointly issued the "notice on preventing the financing risk of token issuance", which stipulates that in China, trading platforms shall not engage in the exchange business between legal tender and "virtual currency".

2. The subversive characteristics of blockchain lie in the following four aspects: first, transparency. The data record of the blockchain system is transparent to the nodes of the whole network, and the update operation of the data record is also transparent to the nodes of the whole network, which is the basis of the trustworthiness of the blockchain system. Because the blockchain system uses open source programs, open rules and high participation, the data records and operation rules of the blockchain can be reviewed and traced by the nodes of the whole network, with high transparency< Second, openness. The blockchain system is open. In addition to the fact that the private information of the parties directly related to the data is always encrypted, the data of the blockchain is open to all (except the blockchain system with special permission requirements). Anyone or participating nodes can query blockchain data records or develop related applications through the open interface, so the information of the whole system is highly transparent< Third, information can not be tampered with. Once the information of the blockchain system is verified and added to the blockchain, it will be permanently stored and cannot be changed (except for private blockchain systems with special change requirements). Unless more than 51% of the nodes in the system can be controlled at the same time, the modification of the database on a single node is invalid, so the data stability and reliability of the blockchain are extremely high
Fourth, decentralization. Decentralization is the most basic feature of the blockchain, which means that the blockchain no longer depends on the central processing node and realizes the distributed recording, storage and updating of data. In the traditional centralized network, attacking a central node can destroy the whole system, while in a decentralized blockchain network, attacking a single node cannot control or destroy the whole network. More than 5% of the nodes in the master network are just the beginning of gaining control. 2019 is the first year for the commercial application of blockchain technology, and the stimulation of favorable policies will make the development of blockchain technology more stable
with the application of blockchain technology graally penetrating into many fields such as digital finance and Internet, we have a clearer understanding of the value of blockchain
blockchain has formed a situation of global competition, and all countries are seizing the development opportunities, let alone China; Therefore, there is no doubt that blockchain has become a national strategy.

3. 1) First of all, it defines the technical value and positioning of the blockchain. As I said at the beginning, the positioning of the blockchain should take the blockchain as an important breakthrough for core technology and independent innovation
2) blockchain, Internet and artificial intelligence should be regarded as technologies of the same height, and blockchain should formally enter our hard science and technology development category
3) pointed out the development and application direction of our blockchain, including the speech that the technology of blockchain has extended to many fields, such as digital finance, Internet of things, intelligent manufacturing, supply chain management, digital asset trading, and so on. In terms of application, there will inevitably be some regulatory or legal problems in the process of application, What are the instructions in this speech? He mentioned that we should implement the rule of law in the management of blockchain, and promote the safe and orderly development of blockchain
4) in the more important point of application and development, it is mentioned that the blockchain is from virtual to real, enabling entity, improving people's livelihood, obtaining instrial advantages, and better serving the development of the whole instrial economy. In fact, through the study of blockchain technology, from one side or the signal released, we express our attitude towards the innovation and leadership of blockchain. We hope that in the development of blockchain, we can first have our own core technology, and we should be a leader in today's fierce international competition
5) it is to enhance the market confidence of the whole blockchain instry, especially for the application and development of the whole blockchain technology. With a great increase in market confidence, it is bound to attract more people in the next period of time, including the capital market and for example, more talents and research applications will enter this field. More capital, more manpower and more other social related aspects, including the rule of law and legislation, will positively promote the application and landing of the whole blockchain technology. These are my four points of view or summary of blockchain technology learning
if you have been concerned about blockchain for a long time, in fact, from the national level, including the 13th five year plan, blockchain technology has been written into the 13th five year plan, which is developed as a parallel technology with artificial intelligence, big data and cloud computing. It has been introced in the second half of 2018, and the office of network information technology has put the blockchain application service on record, From all aspects, it is actually a positive guidance or protection for the development of the whole blockchain
of course, when it comes to blockchain, you may also say that blockchain always thinks of money speculation and so on. In fact, digital currency is only a relatively narrow field in the field of blockchain. We now include support from the mainstream of modern society or the national level, and more support for the application of blockchain technology in the real instry, The core advantage of blockchain technology is decentralization, which can realize point-to-point transaction, coordination and cooperation based on decentralized credit in the distributed system without mutual trust by means of data encryption, timestamp, distributed consensus and economic incentives, so as to solve the common high cost and low cost problems of centralized institutions Low efficiency and data storage insecurity provide solutions
the application fields of blockchain include digital currency, token, finance, anti-counterfeiting traceability, privacy protection, supply chain, entertainment, etc. with the popularity of blockchain and bitcoin, many related top domain names have been registered, which has a great impact on the domain name instry.

4. Wen ecology is to build a circulation asset of blockchain application ecosystem. Now all countries are actively embracing the blockchain policy, and the future development of blockchain will be bright. Regulatory policy will be more and more favorable.

5.

bitcoin:

is an electronic currency proced by open-source P2P software. Digital currency is a kind of network virtual currency. Bitcoin is also paraphrased as "bitcoin."

bitcoin does not rely on specific currency institutions to issue, it is generated through a large number of calculations of specific algorithms. Bitcoin economy uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions. The decentralized nature and algorithm of P2P can ensure that it is impossible to artificially manipulate the value of bitcoin through mass proction. Since bitcoin was born with an algorithm, it was stipulated from the beginning that all bitcoins in the world would not exceed 21 million bitcoins. Because bitcoin is not regulated by the government, it is not subject to inflation constraints and external control

people use the computing power of CPU and CpG to "mine" to unlock the new bitcoin. To put it figuratively: bitcoin is equivalent to a gold mine created by people using computers. The setting of this gold mine is limited. The upper limit is 21 million bitcoin. People dig out bitcoin one by one just like miners using the principle of CPU computing

the principle of bitcoin, the distributed characteristics of P2P and the design without central management mechanism ensure that no institution can control the value of bitcoin or create inflation. This decentralization makes it a more secure and value preserving "virtual currency"

But in fact, netizens, as well as traders and investors of bitcoin, do not see one of the biggest drawbacks of bitcoin: bitcoin is not unique

What do you mean? We think that bitcoin is the only one with a cap of 21 million, which seems to have the function of preserving value. But the principle of bitcoin algorithm is not only applicable to "bitcoin", a kind of currency from Japan. Every computer engineer can develop the corresponding algorithm, make a man-made gold mine, and control its upper limit. In this way, every country, every region and every person can develop countless algorithms. Then the market will be full of virtual currencies such as "bitcoin a", "bitcoin B", "bitcoin C", "bitcoin D", and so on. By that time, who are you going to invest in? You can create your own currency

this hidden danger is not a dream. In fact, it has already started. You can log on bitcoin's official website in China. You will find that in addition to bitcoin, there is now another kind of thing called "Yuanbao coin". This is an algorithm similar to bitcoin developed by a Chinese development team. It also has the same upper limit. The same people can't control it and dig Yuanbao coin out through "mining"

if they can do this, I believe many computer workers can also write their own "Yuan Bao coin", "gold and silver coin", "China bitcoin" and "Shanghai bitcoin". Bitcoin, as the first code to appear, has no credit support from the Central Bank of any country. It has value only because of the scarcity of 21 million. In fact, this scarcity does not exist, because everyone can develop the virtual currency code, and then people from all over the world can mine it. So what's the price of bitcoin? There are limited kinds of metals on earth, so each metal has different value according to its quantity and scarcity. But the bitcoin like code in the network world is infinite. As long as people are willing, they can create unlimited kinds of bitcoin code. Tell me, is bitcoin still valuable

blockchain Technology:

the main function of blockchain is to store information. Any information that needs to be saved can be written to or read from the blockchain, so it is a database

the essence of blockchain is to achieve the goal of decentralization and disintermediation through a new generation of data technology, so as to transmit value more transparently and efficiently. This kind of point-to-point verification will proce a new network "basic protocol" which is different from TCP / IP in the Internet era

blockchain shows us a world in which all assets will be digitized. In a valuable Internet, the transfer of assets will be as fast, convenient and cheap as the transmission of information today

the significance of blockchain is not the wealth of digital currency, but the value transmission of its technology itself. Therefore, Ma Yun has repeatedly separated blockchain from digital currency, and stressed that the extent to which blockchain technology will change the world is beyond people's imagination

difference:

blockchain is a technology, based on blockchain technology, there can be many applications

bitcoin: is one of the most popular and well-known applications

the content is for reference only, only represents personal views, and does not make any suggestions

6. Yes, since the central government emphasized that the blockchain should be regarded as an important breakthrough for independent innovation of core technology and accelerated the development of blockchain technology and instry innovation, many places have issued relevant policies to seize the air of blockchain instry. If you want to know more about blockchain, you can pay attention to huocoin University, which also has online live classes.

7. A federal judge yesterday ruled that the IRS has access to user information on coinbase, the bitcoin and Ethernet exchange. The judgment came into force on November 30, Jacqueline; Scott & Chen 8226; Judge Jacqueline Scott Corley decided to approve the IRS petition, allowing it to investigate any possible tax avoidance in the United States
coinbase said it was aware of the existence of the judgment and would make a formal statement shortly

and the US government is celebrating this victory. Director of the IRS, John J; John Koskinen said:

like other properties, virtual currency transactions are taxable‘ The purpose of John Doe's summons is to ensure that citizens in emerging economies can abide by tax laws and fulfill their responsibilities

the coinbase user information that IRS applied to view was from December 31, 2013 to December 31, 2015. Coinbase said it would try its best to protect users' privacy when it first received the subpoena

as we all know, the attitudes and regulatory policies of countries around the world towards digital currencies such as bitcoin are not the same, and the tax policies of different countries are also different
on October 22, 2015, the European Court of Justice ruled that transactions in bitcoin and other virtual currencies would be exempt from value added tax (VAT). This decision is a major victory for the bitcoin trading community

generally, Japanese people need to pay 8% consumption tax to buy bitcoin on the digital currency exchange. In October this year, it was reported that the Japanese government planned to cancel the consumption tax generated by the purchase of virtual currencies such as bitcoin next spring

since 2015, the IRS has regarded bitcoin and other digital currencies as taxable assets. Recently, the IRS inspector general has been responsible for the Department's gaps in digital currency taxation. The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) has raised similar questions.

8. Brother, you're kidding. How loud is that? Do you know

9.

bus line: Metro Line 2, the whole journey is about 3.4 km

1. Walk about 10 meters from Beijing station to Beijing station

2. Take Metro Line 2, pass through 2 stations to Qianmen station

3. Walk about 720 meters to the National Museum of China

10.

In 2014, Barry Silbert, founder of secondmarket, separated the bitcoin investment fund from the original company and established grayscale investments

in 2015, gray investment company was merged into the newly established digital currency group (DCG). DCG is not only focused on digital currency and blockchain investment, but also an incubator for start-ups. In addition to gray investment company, DCG also has two subsidiaries, namely, genesis, a cryptocurrency OTC broker, coindesk, a blockchain news and information website, and more than 150 other blockchain companies / projects invested

after years of development, gray investment company has become the largest cryptocurrency asset management company in the world, and its cryptocurrency trust scale has reached US $2.58 billion

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extended information:

in 2013, Barry Silbert, the founder, convinced the board of directors of secondmarket company to set up a bitcoin investment fund called bitcoin investment trust, which is the predecessor of gray scale bitcoin trust. It was not until September 2017 that gray investment's bitcoin trust fund began to grow explosively

it has become the largest bitcoin investment trust in the world, with more than 408500 bitcoins, nearly 2% of the total. In addition to bitcoin trust funds, gray investment company also launched BCH, ETH, etc, horizon, LTC, XLM, XRP and Zec trust funds, as well as grayscale digital large capital fund with mainstream currencies. Gray investment company's cryptocurrency trust procts provide convenience for institutional users to purchase cryptocurrency