Quyi healthcare blockchain

1. The medical and health instry is one of the earliest instries to apply blockchain technology. Blockchain technology has eight application scenarios in the medical instry: 1. Medical and health data; 2. Genome data; 3. Medical insurance; 4. Identification of medical staff; 5. Drug security; 6. Medical supply chain finance; 7. Clinical trials; 8. Surgical records. At present, the most widely used fields are medical health data and medical insurance
at present, Tencent, a domestic Internet giant, has entered the field of blockchain health data. On April 13, Tencent officially released wechat smart hospital 3.0. The new version of wechat smart hospital integrates all medical information into the blockchain, which is supervised on the real-time chain and traceable in the whole process.

2. Ali health is now experimenting in the blockchain + project. Changsha Information Instry Park has built a SMIC blockchain service platform project, which is to collect information for enterprises to build blockchain instry alliance.

3. There are many advantages of blockchain technology in the medical field.
① a very important component of "network routing" blockchain system structure is a peer-to-peer network without centralized server. The specific advantage of blockchain technology in the medical field is that hospitals no longer need to establish a centralized patient information management service platform, Centralization of the flat, then very bad thing, once the network "stuck, delay" the whole hospital patient management system will run slowly, but also affect the efficiency of the whole treatment
② the use of blockchain technology can better deal with the speed of seeing a doctor and solve the financial problems of many patients, and "easy financing" is a good example.

4. At present, blockchain is leading the trend of the economic market in various Internet instries, and it is more significant in the medical field. In addition, e to high rendancy, impossibility of tampering, low cost and the ability to manage multi signature complex permissions, blockchain may be the best data storage scheme that human beings can find at present. Medical institutions are using blockchain technology to realize the confidentiality of patients' privacy information
take the PPT big health protection ecological platform on the market as an example:
five applications of blockchain in the medical field:
1. In the aspect of EHR medical treatment, the main application of blockchain is the preservation of personal medical records, which can be understood as the electronic medical records on the blockchain. If you think of the medical record as an account book, originally it is in the hands of various hospitals, and the patients themselves do not master it, so the patients have no way to obtain their own medical records and historical information, which will cause great trouble for the patients to seek medical treatment, because the doctors can not fully understand your medical records. But now, if we can use blockchain technology to save, there will be historical data of personal medical care. Whether we see a doctor or plan for our own health, there will be historical data to use. The real master of this data is the patient himself, not a hospital or a third-party organization
2. DNA wallet gene and medical data can be safely stored by using blockchain technology and obtained by using private key, which will form a DNA wallet. This enables healthcare providers to share and count patient data safely, and helps pharmaceutical companies develop drugs more efficiently. And this model is graally being established
3. The development of bitcoin payment blockchain technology promotes bitcoin payment and gives patients more choices for insurance payment. Although it also depends on the development of bitcoin in the market, the insurance companies that provide this way also have greater advantages than their competitors. For health insurance companies, blockchain is being established as a part of financial services
4. Drug anti-counterfeiting is similar to coding anti-counterfeiting technology. For drugs using blockchain technology, there is a scraped surface on the surface of drug packaging box, and a special verification label under it, which is compared with blockchain technology to ensure the legitimacy of drugs
5. Protein folding e to the rapid process of protein folding, Stanford University previously relied on very expensive supercomputers to simulate the protein folding process. This approach is obviously expensive and has a single point of failure. By using blockchain, they can choose to use a huge distributed network for high-speed computing. This example will greatly attract other companies that use expensive supercomputers. With the development of medical technology, medical data is playing a more and more important role in the aspects of patient identity background, past medical history, and medical payment records. Medical data may be a person's most private data, but e to network operation errors or hacker attacks and other problems, in the past, these personal privacy data were leaked on a large scale. For example, anthem once leaked 80 million patient and employee records, and UCLA health once leaked 4.5 million patient data. The medical convenience brought by blockchain includes: as more and more health and preventive care are provided in a virtual environment, such as at home, at work and so on. Open and viable tracking, validation, and care delivery will become very important for patients, payers, suppliers, scientists, and regulators. The development of these new ohh blockchains in the clinical community will prepare for the study of patients' behavior, and for the important data access of supplier reimbursement, rule compliance, security monitoring and patient compliance in the future. Blockchain is a near perfect technology (not necessarily implemented at present). It can easily and safely access ooh data while protecting the maximum privacy, and rece the interest risk of all patients, including patients themselves, families, caregivers, clinics, suppliers, insurance companies and all stakeholders related to patients' health.

5. Currency leverage transaction refers to the two-way transaction by borrowing money from self-held principal, so as to leverage multiple funds and maximize the enabling "currency transaction". The maximum operating principal is 5 times of the position, so that the income is magnified by 5 times. Of course, the opposite is also a big loss. Please control the risk when using leverage trading. For reference.

6. There are many blockchain projects, and few of them have practical applications. The development of blockchain is still in the early stage of development! If you want to engage, you'd better understand the strength of the project party and the team's belief and attitude towards the blockchain
I learned about a project on the Internet before: akso health chain, which is engaged in blockchain health care project! Committed to solving the problem of health care data island! You can understand and pay attention to it (for reference only, no investment suggestions, thank you)

7. Of course, if it is applied to any specific scenario, my personal understanding of blockchain technology is not very clear. So for my understanding, I'd like to talk about several areas that can be applied. Based on the characteristics of blockchain Technology:
1) patient information can reflect the patient's information more truly
2) it can better show the hospital's qualification, and make clear the diagnosis and treatment process and results of past patients in the hospital
3) it can better sort out medical resources, such as blood group matching, kidney, and even other organ resources
4) make the doctor's qualification certification, the source of medical equipment, and some relevant information more accurate
5) drug anti-counterfeiting can verify the authenticity of drugs (although the blockchain technology can not directly prove the authenticity of real objects, there may be ways to overcome it in the future.)
the above are my personal views, just my personal views. In the future, blockchain technology has great potential in both virtual level and practical application scenarios, but it will not replace traditional technology, but will only combine with each other to learn from each other.

8. A: the financial services instry itself can not increase social procts, but it can adjust the distribution of liquidity (capital), so that the capital demander can obtain liquidity more efficiently, thus promoting the prosperity of economic activities. However, if the financial instry is too strong, it will monopolize the capital supply of the whole economy, and even manipulate the pricing power of various commodities. For example, China once had the "bean you play", "garlic you ruthless" and so on

you are right. Finance itself can not create wealth, but the power of finance can lead to redistribution of wealth, resulting in a growing gap between the rich and the poor.

9. Introction to Western Economics (4) (Chapter 14-17)

Chapter 14 money and economy section 1 money and financial system the role of money in the economy is closely related to the financial system of an economy. Therefore, to understand how money affects the economy, we must first understand the financial system. An economic financial system includes the central bank, financial intermediaries and financial market. 1、 The central bank is an institution that supervises the banking system and controls the amount of money in the economy. Any country's economy needs such a central bank to maintain the normal operation of the banking system and economy. Therefore, strengthening the independence of the central bank has become a trend in various countries. No matter what the difference in form is, the central banks of different countries have four basic characteristics: first, they do not aim at making profits; Second, not to engage in the business of commercial banks and other financial intermediaries; Third, it has al functions of service and supervision. It not only supervises commercial banks and other financial institutions, but also provides services for them; Fourth, it regulates the economy through monetary policy. No matter how independent it is, whether it is a government department or not, it is an important institution for the government to regulate the economy. Because of this, the central bank plays an increasingly important role in the economy. One of the functions of the central bank is to supervise and serve the banking system. For example, to supervise the financial situation and business activities of each bank, to ensure that banks and financial intermediaries operate in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of the government; Keeping reserve for banks; As the lender of last resort, provide loans when the bank needs funds; Assist in the settlement business between banks; wait. These activities have ensured the orderly and normal operation of the whole banking system and prevented the economic turbulence caused by the financial problems of banks. Another function is that the central bank, as the only currency issuer, can control the money supply in the economy and regulate the economy by controlling the money supply. That is to say, the central bank uses monetary policy to regulate the economy. 2、 Financial intermediaries financial intermediaries are the ties that connect the residents and enterprises with the financial market. They absorb deposits from the residents and enterprises and issue loans to other residents and enterprises. They are also enterprises that provide financial services for the residents and enterprises. When we understand financial intermediaries, we should pay attention to two points: first, it is an enterprise. Like other enterprises that provide procts and services, it aims at maximizing profits. Second, it is engaged in the business of providing a variety of financial intermediary services, as the intermediary between households and enterprises and the capital market. It provides deposits and loans and various financial settlement services, and profits from these services. There are different types of financial institutions in different countries, but the most important one is commercial banks, which are enterprises engaged in financial intermediation. In addition to commercial banks, there are other financial institutions, no matter what kind of financial intermediaries, their functions are common. Financial intermediaries play a special role in the economy, that is, they can create money. This does not mean that financial intermediaries can issue their own money, but that they can create money through normal deposit and loan business. The creation of money by banks means that banks can increase the amount of money in circulation through deposit and loan business. This mechanism is very important to the economy. We take commercial banks as an example to illustrate the mechanism of money creation. The key for banks to create money lies in the fact that modern banks have a partial reserve system, that is, a system in which only a part of the deposits are used as reserves. That is to say, the bank does not need to keep all the deposits as reserves in the treasury or deposit them in the central bank. It only needs to keep enough reserves according to the statutory reserve rate stipulated by the central bank, and other deposits can be issued as loans. The statutory reserve ratio is the ratio of the minimum reserve to the deposit required by the central bank. How do banks create money? Let's illustrate this point from the balance sheet of Bank A: suppose that bank a has absorbed 1 million yuan of deposit, 100000 yuan of which is used as reserve, and the rest is used as loan to customer a. In modern society, generally speaking, the customer a who gets the loan does not put forward the loan as cash, but deposits it with bank B, which has a business relationship with him, because he can make various payments with the loan by writing a check or transferring money. When bank B gets the 900000 yuan deposit, its balance sheet is: that is to say, after bank B gets the 900000 yuan loan, 90000 yuan of it will be used as reserve, and the rest 810000 yuan can be used as loan for bank B. After getting the loan, B also deposited the 810000 yuan with Bank C, which has a business relationship with him. So the balance sheet of Bank C is: Bank C gets 810000 yuan in deposit and still takes 81000 yuan as reserve, and the remaining 729000 yuan as loan... This process will continue. The deposit is money, The increase of deposit is the increase of currency in circulation: the increase of deposit in this process is: 1 million yuan + 900000 yuan + 810000 yuan + 729000 yuan +...: 10 million yuan at the end of this process, there are 10 million yuan of currency in circulation, and the deposit of 1 million yuan is the process of issuing loans and absorbing deposits through banks, The currency in circulation increases to 10 million yuan: This is the money created by the bank: when the initial deposit is fixed, how much money can the bank create? If and on behalf of the initial deposit; D represents the total amount of deposits, that is, the money created; It represents the legal reserve rate (0 & lt; r< 1) From this formula, we can see that the amount of money created by the commercial banking system is inversely proportional to the legal reserve rate and directly proportional to the initial deposit. This shows that the level of the legal reserve rate determines how much money the bank can create. In this case, the legal reserve rate is 10%, so the money created by the bank is 10 million. The ratio of the amount of money created by the bank to the initial deposit is called simple money multiplier. In our example, the simple money multiplier is m = D / r = 1 / R. the simple money multiplier indicates how much money can be created by a certain initial deposit. This is very important for the analysis of money supply. 3、 The influence of financial instruments and financial market money on the economy is realized through the activities of various economic entities in the financial market. Therefore, to know how money affects economy, we must understand financial instruments and financial markets. Financial instruments are the carriers through which money flows, including long-term and short-term bonds issued by the government (long-term bonds are bonds more than one year, short-term bonds are bonds less than one year). These bonds are also called government bonds, financial bonds and corporate bonds; Shares; Negotiable certificates of deposit; Commercial paper, repurchase agreement, bank acceptance bill, etc. Among these instruments, the short-term bonds issued by the government are very important, and they are important tools for the central bank to control the money supply. The common feature of all kinds of financial instruments is the positive correlation between income and risk. That is to say, the greater the risk of financial instruments, the greater the return, the smaller the risk, the safer the return. Financial instruments flow in the financial market, which is a part of the whole economic activities and has a very important impact on the whole economy. The financial market, also known as the open market, is the place where all kinds of financial instruments are traded. The central bank mainly uses monetary policy to regulate the economy through its activities in the open market. Financial market is divided into money market and capital market. Money market is a financial market engaged in the trading of short-term credit instruments. It is a market in which short-term credit instruments are exchanged with money. The short-term credit instruments traded in the money market are: commercial paper, treasury bill, bank acceptance bill, negotiable certificate of deposit. The main participants in money market activities are: the government's institution in charge of the Treasury, which obtains short-term funds through the sale of treasury bonds; The central bank regulates money supply and interest rate through money market; Commercial banks adjust the amount of reserves they need through the money market; Other financial institutions are engaged in the use and financing of their funds through the money market. The capital market is the place where long-term credit instruments are traded. Long term credit instruments refer to credit instruments with a loan term of more than one year, such as government bonds, corporate bonds, stocks and real estate mortgage. In addition, the stock market and the foreign exchange market also belong to the financial market. In the short run, the supply and demand of money in the money market determines the interest rate, and the interest rate affects the total demand and the real GDP. Therefore, to understand how money affects the economy, we must understand how the interest rate is determined in the money market. 1、 According to the theory of money demand, indivials and enterprises need to hold money for different motives, which forms money demand. Economists use various theories to explain money demand. Keynesian economists believe that people's motives for holding money include transaction motive, prevention motive and investment motive. Here we introce the factors that determine the demand for money. Transaction motivation refers to the purpose that people hold money for the convenience of daily transactions and rece transaction costs. The amount of money needed for this motive depends on the volume of transactions. The larger the volume of transactions, the more money needed for this motive. The size of the transaction volume depends on people's income level. The higher the income is, the larger the transaction volume is, and the more money is needed. Prevention motivation is the payment people need to make in order to deal with accidents. This motivation can also be called cautious motivation. In a world full of uncertainty and risk, unexpected accidents are always inevitable. In order to deal with these accidents, people need money. The money needed for preventive motivation also depends on income, that is, the more people receive, the more money used for preventive motivation, the greater the money demand. Therefore, the money demand for preventive motivation also depends on income or real GDP, and changes in the same direction. Speculation motivation is that people want to get the most reasonable combination of their assets. Money is a form of assets, people's assets can take many forms, such as money, real estate, bonds, stocks or other. People's goal is to maximize the return of their assets. All kinds of assets have both risks and benefits. The greater the risks, the greater the benefits. People are risk averse and hope to achieve the maximum expected return considering the risk. In this way, people can not hold their own assets in one form, but should hold assets with different risks and returns. This is commonly known as the asset portfolio or asset selection, the basic principle is not to put all the eggs in one basket. According to this theory, the purpose of people holding money is to rece risk and make their assets liquid. Money is the most liquid form of assets, which can be converted to other forms of assets at any time. Speculative motivation means that holding money can be flexibly changed into other favorable asset forms at any time. People also have costs when they hold money, that is, the interest or interest they give up to hold money