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Blockchain top meeting

Publish: 2021-04-24 12:34:02
1.

blockchain is an important concept of bitcoin. It is essentially a disintermediated database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated by using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains the information of a bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the effectiveness of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block

blockchain is a new application mode of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies

in a narrow sense, blockchain is a kind of chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential way according to the time sequence, and it can not be tampered with and forged by cryptography

broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses blockchain data structure to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithm to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access It is a new distributed infrastructure and computing method to program and operate data by using intelligent contract composed of automated script code

extended data:

the evolution mode of blockchain is as follows:

& 9642; Blockchain 1.0 - digital currency

▪ Blockchain 2.0 - digital assets and smart contracts

▪ Blockchain 3.0 - Implementation of distributed applications in various instries

blockchain features:

1. Disintermediation. Due to the use of Distributed Accounting and storage, there is no centralized hardware or management organization in the system, the rights and obligations of any node are equal, and the data blocks in the system are jointly maintained by the nodes with maintenance function in the whole system

2. Openness. The system is open. In addition to the private information of all parties to the transaction is encrypted, the data of the blockchain is open to all. Anyone can query the blockchain data and develop related applications through the open interface, so the information of the whole system is highly transparent

3. Autonomy. Blockchain adopts consensus based specifications and Protocols (such as a set of open and transparent algorithms) to enable all nodes in the whole system to exchange data freely and safely in a de trusted environment, so that the trust in "people" is changed into the trust in machines, and any human intervention does not work

The information can not be tampered with. Once the information is verified and added to the blockchain, it will be stored permanently. Unless more than 51% of the nodes in the system can be controlled at the same time, the modification of the database on a single node is invalid. Therefore, the data stability and reliability of the blockchain are extremely high

5. Anonymity. Because the exchange between nodes follows a fixed algorithm, the data interaction does not need to be trusted (the program rules in the blockchain will judge whether the activity is effective). Therefore, the counterparties do not need to make the other party trust themselves by disclosing their identities, which is very helpful for the accumulation of credit

2.

From the perspective of technology and architecture, I will tell you my understanding of blockchain in common language

what is blockchain? In a word, blockchain is a storage system. To be more specific, blockchain is a distributed storage system without an administrator and each node has all the data

What are the common storage systems like

first, how to ensure high availability

the common storage system usually uses "rendancy" to solve the problem of high availability. As shown in the figure above, if the data can be copied into several copies and rendant to multiple places, high availability can be guaranteed. The data in one place is hung, and there is data in other places. For example, the master-slave cluster of MySQL is the same principle, and the raid of disk is also the same principle

two points need to be emphasized in this place are: data rendancy often leads to consistency problems

1. For example, in the master-slave cluster of MySQL, there is actually a delay in reading and writing, which means there is a inconsistency in reading and writing in a short period of time. This is a side effect of data rendancy

The second point is that data rendancy often reces the efficiency of writing, because data synchronization also consumes resources. If you add two slave libraries, the write efficiency will be affected. The common storage system is to use rendancy to ensure the high availability of data

so the second question, ordinary storage system, can write more

the answer is yes, for example, take this graph as an example:

in fact, MySQL can do a master-slave synchronization of al masters, master-slave synchronization of al masters, two nodes can be written at the same time. If you want to do a multi room multi live data center, in fact, multi room multi live data synchronization. What we should emphasize here is that multi-point writing often leads to the consistency problem of writing conflicts. Take MySQL as an example, suppose that the attribute of a table is self incrementing ID, then the data in the database is 1234 now. If one of the nodes writes and inserts a piece of data, it may become 5, and then these 5 pieces of data are synchronized to another master node, Before synchronization, if another write node inserts a piece of data, a piece of data with self incrementing ID of 5 will be generated. Then, after the generation, synchronize to another node, and the synchronized data will conflict with the two local 5's after it arrives, which will lead to synchronization failure and write consistency conflict. This problem will occur in the case of multi-point writing

how to ensure consistency in multi-point writing

the reform "Swan class" gives you more technical work

3. Blockchain technology has played an important role in the process of financial information transformation, whether it is digital currency, payment and clearing or financial transactions, intelligent contracts and even Internet finance, blockchain technology has a very broad application prospect< However, e to the lack of top-level planning and design, the development of blockchain instry is greatly restricted. However, blockchain technology is too professional and changes too fast, so it is difficult to issue accurate supportive policies in the short term. Relevant enterprises still need to explore themselves, constantly expand application scenarios, and promote the domestic blockchain instry to become bigger and stronger
in view of the bright future of blockchain, the capital has long been in the lead. According to the data of foresight Instry Research Institute, the scale of global blockchain venture capital has increased from US $2 million in 2012 to US $484 million in 2015, with about 205 venture capital institutions participating in it. The high capital fever can be seen. However, the blockchain instry is still in its infancy, and has not yet formed a unified specification and technical standards. At the same time, it lacks killer applications.
4. Many relationships between people are based on trust, such as friend relationship, cooperation relationship, transaction relationship, etc
take trading activities as an example. In the past, the two sides who did not trust each other usually chose an intermediary to guarantee a transaction. In the mobile Internet era, we chose Taobao shopping because Alipay provided us with an intermediate guarantee. We chose to drop dripping because it provided us with information matching.
however, these intermediaries are centralized and have their own interests. Sometimes they are not so reliable and trustworthy. Theoretically, Alipay's centralization of accounting has been artificially falsified. Part of the reason for Didi's troubles is that they only think from their own standpoint
what blockchain does is the machine of trust, which replaces the role of trust intermediary with code, ensures the fairness and justice of the whole system through consensus mechanism and distributed accounting, and provides a trust without trust
for example, in the future, people can abandon the intermediate platform and realize point-to-point docking and free trading through blockchain. Shopping does not need to go through an intermediary, and taking a taxi does not need to go through Didi. In this way, we can really achieve "no middleman to earn the price difference" and rece the cost.
5.

On 19, 2018, "global media blockchain summit" was held in the financial hall of the Hong Kong stock exchange. The summit gathered more than 100 global media and dozens of top experts in the instry. At the meeting, we witnessed the establishment of the global media blockchain Alliance (bimg) and the release of bimg Hong Kong initiative, and discussed in depth the development prospect and instry trend of blockchain

member of the journalism and communication discipline evaluation group of the Academic Degrees Committee of the State Council Professor Yu Guoming, executive director of School of Journalism and communication of Beijing Normal University, delivered a keynote speech entitled "the value of mainstream media in the tide of technology" at the "2018 global media blockchain summit"

Yu Guoming said: "for the whole social communication in China and other major countries and regions in the world, including the process of blockchain construction, development In terms of the communication ecology in the process of evolution, the value of traditional mainstream media should also be indispensable. Although its share has really declined worryingly, such responsibility and value bearing are still very important. "

Yu Guoming further pointed out that traditional mainstream media's professional adherence, social status conferring function and local advantages are its great advantages. At the same time, with the development of social development and Internet technology, blockchain is not only a technology, but also a way to reorganize the society to a greater extent. Yu Guoming said: "in the words of Marx a hundred years ago, it is a technological form on top of such a new Internet technology as" Free Alliance of free people. ". To a large extent, it is a new form of social evolution after the Internet technology activates the indivial. Such a new form needs the mainstream media to play an important role in it, because in the process of such a new social evolution as blockchain, it is embodied in the so-called emergent evolution in system science, that is to say, the micro force and micro value released by Internet technology is a qualitative change in the development process and direction, which is a kind of social development A qualitative turning point in the development of the field, instry and market. "

in the presence of all guests, the global media blockchain Alliance (bimg) was officially established at the meeting. Ding Laibin, Secretary General of the alliance, pointed out in his speech that the blockchain is really using the mechanism to let people see some changes that may occur in the future, and these changes may subvert the current state and make the social efficiency leap forward. In this process, the media function can not be absent, should play a supervisory role, exert a strong media supervision role, let investors distinguish right from wrong

Ding Laibin said: "the media is the public knowledge and conscience of the society and the supervisor of the development of the instry. To play this role well, we should be close to the game and stand where we can hear the gunfire. Therefore, if there is still a little distance between traditional media and blockchain before, let's eliminate this distance at today's summit. The listing of any enterprise is not the end, but the starting point. It is the same for many blockchain projects. From the beginning to the development, it also needs a lot of disclosure and planning, so that the enterprise can be presented to all the public and investors without reservation. It should be open and transparent, from the beginning to the end. Only in this way can the instry grow more healthily and more rapidly. "

in the bimg Hong Kong initiative released at the event, Ding Laibin called on the media to join hands and make joint efforts to create a fair, just, honest, dynamic, harmonious and orderly instry public opinion environment; At the same time, the media should be encouraged to be open and inclusive, advanced in communication, and ecological innovation in information dissemination in the blockchain field, so as to continuously provide high-grade, high-quality information and services

content source international online

6.

the biggest consensus of blockchain is to make money

there will be a process for the advancement of blockchain consensus. In the current flood and famine period, making money based on cognition and circle is still in consensus 1.0 stage. Fortunately, its size is not enough to affect the overall situation of the world economic structure, and the cost of supervision and policy intervention is low. In the large community of blockchain, more roles need to be involved, In particular, the government with service functions should not be absent, and the people in the community should not act like frightened birds, independent from the outside world

the bustling blockchain communities are not forests, but bird nests in a few trees at most. They chatter in order to grab food. Even if there is a third-class wind, everyone will be scattered. If you really want to dream of building a forest, you should bravely go down the tree, dig ditches and divert water

7.

in 2019, the expenditure scale of China's blockchain market will be close to US $300 million

according to the statistical data of in depth analysis report on business model innovation and investment opportunities of China's blockchain instry , released by foresight Instry Research Institute, as of 2017, the expenditure scale of China's blockchain market is only US $83 million. In 2018, the expenditure scale of China's blockchain market will reach US $160 million. It is predicted that the expenditure scale of China's blockchain market will be close to US $300 million in 2019. At this stage, the overall market scale of blockchain is small, because most blockchain projects in the market are in the trial stage, with little investment. On the other hand, many enterprises have realized the potential of blockchain and plan to increase the budget in the future. Affected by this, China's blockchain market will usher in rapid growth. It is estimated that the market expenditure will reach US $1.95 billion by 2023, and the average annual compound growth rate will be 60.51% from 2019 to 2023

statistics and forecast of China's blockchain market expenditure scale from 2017 to 2023

data source: Analysis on adverse factors of China's blockchain development sorted out by the prospective instry research institute

1. Immature technology. At present, blockchain technology is not mature in system stability, application security, business model, etc., which can not meet the requirements of "high efficiency and low energy", "decentralization" and "security" at the same time. First, performance. The transaction throughput that can be carried out on the blockchain is not high, and the current block capacity is very small, which leads to network congestion, and it is difficult to meet the needs of high-frequency business. Many projects are also starting to optimize, but there is still a certain distance from the transaction throughput of real scenes such as banks and stock exchanges. Second, consensus mechanism. In terms of energy consumption, consensus algorithms such as workload proof consume a lot of energy and cost, which makes blockchain waste a lot of network computing power and pairing power; In terms of types, there are too few types of blockchain consensus mechanisms at present. In the future diversified business scenarios, more abundant consensus mechanisms are necessary to adapt. Third, security. Privacy protection, harmful information on the chain, smart contract vulnerability, consensus mechanism and private key protection, computing power attack, cryptography algorithm security and other issues make the blockchain face a severe situation of platform security and application security. Fourth, the database problem. Different from traditional databases, blockchain applications require a lot of write operations, hash calculation and verification operations. The database system for blockchain is still a difficult point to break through

2. Unclear application scenarios

currently, the blockchain project is still in the exploration stage, and no specific landing scenarios can be found. At present, the more promising fields are finance, sharing economy, Internet of things, public services, etc., but from the perspective of the existing blockchain technology maturity, there are still many problems in the application of blockchain, and there is still a gap from the actual use. First, the immaturity of blockchain technology restricts the implementation of commercial applications. At present, although there are many kinds of blockchain core technologies such as privacy protection algorithm and consensus mechanism, they generally do not have commercial availability. Second, the application mode of blockchain is still in exploration, and the "irreplaceable" advantage of blockchain has not been reflected. Blockchain itself represents a consensus system, so we should build a consensus system in line with the corresponding business scenarios from a higher level, rather than just "business + blockchain". There are many users in China, and the business scenario is complex. Moreover, any commercial proct will involve a very large flow and population. The current blockchain technology can not meet the demand

3, lack of professional talents

blockchain technology is a multi-disciplinary and interdisciplinary technology, which mainly involves operating system, network communication, cryptography, mathematics, finance, proction and so on. However, at present, there are still deficiencies in interdisciplinary and fields in China, and the supply of talents in related fields is seriously insufficient. On the one hand, there is a large gap of R & D technical talents. Blockchain technology research and development mainly focuses on go, JavaScript, C and C + programming languages, and new smart contracts use Haskell, Ocaml, rhoang and other new functional programming languages. In China's talent market, there is a big gap for technical talents with senior R & D experience in relevant languages. On the other hand, there is a lack of bottom design talents. Different from R & D technical talents, blockchain bottom system architecture designers need to master a number of interdisciplinary professional skills, not only to deeply understand the block chain bottom design principle, but also to have the system architecture design experience, but also to master the business logic of specific application scenarios. Although some colleges and universities have launched interdisciplinary ecation and blockchain special skills discipline setting, professional talents are still very scarce

analysis of favorable factors for China's blockchain development. In January 2017, the Ministry of instry and information technology issued the development plan of software and information technology service instry (2016-2020), which proposed that the innovation in blockchain and other fields should reach the international advanced level. In August 2017, the State Council issued the guidance on further expanding and upgrading information consumption and continuously releasing the potential of domestic demand, proposing to carry out the pilot application of new technologies such as blockchain and artificial intelligence. In October 2017, the State Council issued the guidance on actively promoting the innovation and application of supply chain, which proposed to study the use of blockchain, artificial intelligence and other emerging technologies to establish a credit evaluation mechanism based on supply chain

in March 2018, the Ministry of instry and information technology (MIIT) issued the key points for standardization of informatization and software service instry in 2018, proposing to promote the establishment of the national informatization and instrialization Integration Management Standardization Technical Committee, and the national blockchain and Distributed Accounting Technology Standardization Committee. In June 2018, the Ministry of instry and information technology issued the instrial Internet development action plan (2018-2020) to encourage the application and research of emerging cutting-edge technologies such as edge computing, deep learning and blockchain in the instrial Internet

since the blockchain was listed in the 13th five year plan for national informatization for the first time in 2016, the national government has paid more and more attention to the blockchain. 24 provinces and cities or regions, including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Hebei, Jiangsu, Shandong, Guizhou, Gansu and Hainan, have launched dividend policies to carry out the layout of the blockchain instry chain, Actively explore instry applications based on blockchain

At present, China's blockchain technology continues to innovate, and the blockchain instry graally takes shape, and has begun to be applied in supply chain finance, credit reference, proct traceability, right trading, digital identity, electronic evidence and other fields, which is expected to promote China's economic system to achieve technological change, organizational change and efficiency change, To make important contributions to the construction of a modern economic system. With the continuous influx of entrepreneurs and capital, the number of enterprises is increasing rapidly. The application of blockchain will accelerate the landing, boost the high-quality development of traditional instries, accelerate the instrial transformation and upgrading, use blockchain technology to "rece costs" and "improve efficiency" for the real economy, and boost the standardized development of traditional instries. In addition, blockchain technology is becoming a new business form and a new driving force for economic development. Blockchain technology is promoting a new round of business model reform and becoming an important support for building a social system of integrity

In the past, the circulation of physical banknotes was difficult to trace, but with the application of blockchain technology, the flow of all digital assets will have a "chain" to check. For example, in the financial field, blockchain is expected to solve the pain points and difficulties in the payment field, rece the complexity of transactions, improve the end-to-end speed of transactions, rece the communication cost in the transaction process, and improve the transparency and non tamperability of transaction records. The cost of reconciliation, clearing and settlement among financial institutions, especially cross-border financial institutions, has always been very high, and there are complex manual processes. The application of blockchain technology can help rece the cost of reconciliation and dispute resolution among financial institutions, and significantly improve the processing speed and efficiency of payment business, It also makes small cross-border payments possible. In addition, the application of blockchain will also extend to many fields, such as health care, ecation, charity, social management and so on. The market prospect is very broad

8.

The current development stage of blockchain Technology: financial value period, credit value period and governance value period. Among them, blockchain 3.0 and 4.0 are developing rapidly. It is predicted that there will be a wave of great changes in blockchain technology

ecology makes the main chain and the side chain

ecol ecology makes the team deal with the difficulties faced by the side chain. Through data isolation and cross chain audit, the business data confidentiality and security of the side chain can be guaranteed, and the balance between data transparency and business confidentiality can be solved

and support multi side chain, main side chain communication, asset transfer, both integration and division of labor, both security and convenience. The main chain is mainly responsible for security and consensus. The side chain will provide smart contracts, token issuance, asset trading, cross chain interoperability, and the structure of the main and side chains. Through slimming and pruning technology, it can effectively prevent block swelling, garbage accumulation, and shorten synchronization time. To clear the obstacles for the implementation of high concurrency and lightning network

ecol ecol makes it possible to connect different blockchains through side chain technology, which is the key to solve the problem of slow transmission speed and low efficiency in expanding the external structure of blockchain. In short, the side chain is like a channel, connecting different blockchains together to realize the expansion of blockchain. In the long run, ecolink will graally build a high-speed value Internet belonging to the side chain in the case of developing, applying and proposing solutions

9. Por (pro of reputation), the consensus protocol of proof of reputation, and the underlying consensus technology of the current top blockchain technology are developed by the public chain project Baker chain bitconch.
10. There is a large space for development in the city. More opportunities. Suggest going to the city.
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