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The consensus mechanism proposed in the blockchain includes
Publish: 2021-04-24 19:23:55
1. There are many consensus mechanisms in the blockchain. The advantage of the pow consensus mechanism behind bitcoin, the most influential one, is that it is secure and can not be tampered with. The disadvantage is that it is too slow to process only seven transactions a second
2. Blockchain is a decentralized distributed ledger system, which can be used to register and issue digital assets, property rights certificates, points, etc., and transfer, pay and trade in a point-to-point manner. Compared with the traditional centralized ledger system, blockchain system has the advantages of complete disclosure, tamper proof, multiple payment prevention, and does not rely on any trusted third party
e to the high network delay in peer-to-peer network, the transaction order observed by each node can not be completely consistent. Therefore, the blockchain system needs to design a mechanism to reach a consensus on the sequence of transactions that occur in the same time. This algorithm to reach consensus on the order of transactions in a time window is called consensus mechanism
-- chainknow
e to the high network delay in peer-to-peer network, the transaction order observed by each node can not be completely consistent. Therefore, the blockchain system needs to design a mechanism to reach a consensus on the sequence of transactions that occur in the same time. This algorithm to reach consensus on the order of transactions in a time window is called consensus mechanism
-- chainknow
3. 1. Pow (proof of work) workload proof
one sentence introction: the more you do, the more you get
2. POS proof of stake
in a word: the more you hold, the more you get< Pbft: practical Byzantine fault tolerance
3. Pbft: practical Byzantine fault tolerance
Introction: it provides (n-1) / 3 fault tolerance on the premise of ensuring the activity and safety< Dbft: Byzantine fault tolerant algorithm authorized by delegated BFT
Introction: dbft mechanism adopted by ant is that bookkeepers are selected by rights and interests, and then bookkeepers reach a consensus through Byzantine fault tolerant algorithm
5. Pool verification pool
is based on traditional distributed consistency technology and data verification mechanism
chainnova is a blockchain company. I feel it's very good. Although I don't know any hash algorithm, I still know a little bit.
one sentence introction: the more you do, the more you get
2. POS proof of stake
in a word: the more you hold, the more you get< Pbft: practical Byzantine fault tolerance
3. Pbft: practical Byzantine fault tolerance
Introction: it provides (n-1) / 3 fault tolerance on the premise of ensuring the activity and safety< Dbft: Byzantine fault tolerant algorithm authorized by delegated BFT
Introction: dbft mechanism adopted by ant is that bookkeepers are selected by rights and interests, and then bookkeepers reach a consensus through Byzantine fault tolerant algorithm
5. Pool verification pool
is based on traditional distributed consistency technology and data verification mechanism
chainnova is a blockchain company. I feel it's very good. Although I don't know any hash algorithm, I still know a little bit.
4. At present, there are four main types of consensus mechanisms: pow, POS, dpos, pool
1. POW workload proof, which is familiar with mining, calculates a random number that meets the rules through and or operation, that is, obtains the bookkeeping right, sends out the data that needs to be recorded in this round, and stores it together with other nodes in the whole network after verification
advantages: complete decentralization, free access of nodes
disadvantages: bitcoin has attracted most of the computing power in the world, and other blockchain applications using POW consensus mechanism are difficult to obtain the same computing power to ensure their own security; Mining causes a lot of waste of resources; The period of reaching consensus is long, which is not suitable for commercial application.
2. Proof of rights and interests of POS, a mechanism of upgrading consensus of pow; According to the token proportion and time of each node; It can rece the difficulty of mining in equal proportion, so as to speed up the speed of finding random numbers< Advantages: to a certain extent, it shortens the time to reach a consensus
disadvantages: mining is still needed, which does not solve the pain point of commercial application in essence
3. Dpos share authorization certification mechanism is similar to the voting of the board of directors, in which the coin holders cast a certain number of nodes to verify and account on their behalf
advantages: greatly rece the number of participating verification and accounting nodes, which can achieve second level consensus verification
disadvantages: the whole consensus mechanism still depends on token, and many commercial applications do not need token to exist
4. Pool verification pool, which is based on traditional distributed consistency technology and data verification mechanism; It is a consensus mechanism widely used in the instry chain at present.
advantages: it can work without token, and realizes second level consensus verification on the basis of mature distributed consistency algorithms (pasox and raft)
disadvantages: the degree of decentralization is not as good as that of bictin; The multi center business model is more suitable for multi-party participation
it has great advantages in using consensus mechanism to ensure data consistency (the consensus mechanism is first proposed by ripple, and the network transaction synchronization mechanism with data correctness priority. In the consensus network, no matter how the software code changes, if you can't reach a consensus, you can't enter the network, let alone fork)
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PS: a little black, although the consensus mechanism can absolutely ensure that there will be no hard bifurcation at any time. However, the disadvantage of this mechanism is obvious, that is, it is much longer than the current bitcoin network to reach a consensus with other nodes. In extreme cases, the consequences of disconnection in ripple consensus mechanism network are also very terrible
it is possible that one day after the power failure in your home, the whole system will no longer be able to reach a consensus with other rippled nodes (in fact, the consensus mechanism requires more than 80% of the nodes to acknowledge your data before your submission will be accepted by other nodes, otherwise it will be rejected by exclusive nodes), Even you can only empty all your 500 GB data and resynchronize to connect to other ripple nodes
so at present, the existing rippled end is not suitable for civil use (if it is commercial, the impact is relatively small. For example, RL's own rippled node is hosted in Amazon cloud data center. If it has no response for a long time, it can make high claims, and there is almost no break in that place except for large disasters). This is one of the aspects RL has always wanted to improve.
1. POW workload proof, which is familiar with mining, calculates a random number that meets the rules through and or operation, that is, obtains the bookkeeping right, sends out the data that needs to be recorded in this round, and stores it together with other nodes in the whole network after verification
advantages: complete decentralization, free access of nodes
disadvantages: bitcoin has attracted most of the computing power in the world, and other blockchain applications using POW consensus mechanism are difficult to obtain the same computing power to ensure their own security; Mining causes a lot of waste of resources; The period of reaching consensus is long, which is not suitable for commercial application.
2. Proof of rights and interests of POS, a mechanism of upgrading consensus of pow; According to the token proportion and time of each node; It can rece the difficulty of mining in equal proportion, so as to speed up the speed of finding random numbers< Advantages: to a certain extent, it shortens the time to reach a consensus
disadvantages: mining is still needed, which does not solve the pain point of commercial application in essence
3. Dpos share authorization certification mechanism is similar to the voting of the board of directors, in which the coin holders cast a certain number of nodes to verify and account on their behalf
advantages: greatly rece the number of participating verification and accounting nodes, which can achieve second level consensus verification
disadvantages: the whole consensus mechanism still depends on token, and many commercial applications do not need token to exist
4. Pool verification pool, which is based on traditional distributed consistency technology and data verification mechanism; It is a consensus mechanism widely used in the instry chain at present.
advantages: it can work without token, and realizes second level consensus verification on the basis of mature distributed consistency algorithms (pasox and raft)
disadvantages: the degree of decentralization is not as good as that of bictin; The multi center business model is more suitable for multi-party participation
it has great advantages in using consensus mechanism to ensure data consistency (the consensus mechanism is first proposed by ripple, and the network transaction synchronization mechanism with data correctness priority. In the consensus network, no matter how the software code changes, if you can't reach a consensus, you can't enter the network, let alone fork)
- - - - - - - -
PS: a little black, although the consensus mechanism can absolutely ensure that there will be no hard bifurcation at any time. However, the disadvantage of this mechanism is obvious, that is, it is much longer than the current bitcoin network to reach a consensus with other nodes. In extreme cases, the consequences of disconnection in ripple consensus mechanism network are also very terrible
it is possible that one day after the power failure in your home, the whole system will no longer be able to reach a consensus with other rippled nodes (in fact, the consensus mechanism requires more than 80% of the nodes to acknowledge your data before your submission will be accepted by other nodes, otherwise it will be rejected by exclusive nodes), Even you can only empty all your 500 GB data and resynchronize to connect to other ripple nodes
so at present, the existing rippled end is not suitable for civil use (if it is commercial, the impact is relatively small. For example, RL's own rippled node is hosted in Amazon cloud data center. If it has no response for a long time, it can make high claims, and there is almost no break in that place except for large disasters). This is one of the aspects RL has always wanted to improve.
5. It is also a concept in blockchain, which refers to the algorithm for blockchain things to reach distributed consensus. They speak very clearly on the app of lianpai community and have a thorough understanding of blockchain. Although their one course is not long, they can understand it after listening to it. Very good!
6. Chongqing jinwowo analysis: the so-called consensus refers to the process in which multi-party nodes reach an agreement on certain data, behaviors or processes through interaction of multiple nodes under preset rules
consensus mechanism refers to the algorithms, protocols and rules that define the consensus process
consensus mechanism refers to the algorithms, protocols and rules that define the consensus process
7. How to reach a consensus on decentralized networks
in the blockchain system, there is no centralized bookkeeping institution like a bank, so it is very important to ensure the consistency of each transaction on all bookkeeping nodes, that is, to make the whole network reach a consensus. The consensus mechanism solves this problem
at present, the main consensus mechanisms are workload proof mechanism POW and equity proof mechanism POS
POW determines your chances of getting bookkeeping rights by evaluating your workload. The greater the workload, the more likely you will get this bookkeeping opportunity
POS determines your chances of getting bookkeeping rights by evaluating the number and ration of tokens you hold. This is similar to the stock dividend system, holding a relatively large number of shares can get more dividends
the principle of dpos is similar to that of POS, except that some "deputies to the National People's Congress" are selected. The main difference from POS is that the node elects several agents, which are verified and recorded by the agents
with the development of technology, more advanced consensus mechanisms may emerge in the future.
in the blockchain system, there is no centralized bookkeeping institution like a bank, so it is very important to ensure the consistency of each transaction on all bookkeeping nodes, that is, to make the whole network reach a consensus. The consensus mechanism solves this problem
at present, the main consensus mechanisms are workload proof mechanism POW and equity proof mechanism POS
POW determines your chances of getting bookkeeping rights by evaluating your workload. The greater the workload, the more likely you will get this bookkeeping opportunity
POS determines your chances of getting bookkeeping rights by evaluating the number and ration of tokens you hold. This is similar to the stock dividend system, holding a relatively large number of shares can get more dividends
the principle of dpos is similar to that of POS, except that some "deputies to the National People's Congress" are selected. The main difference from POS is that the node elects several agents, which are verified and recorded by the agents
with the development of technology, more advanced consensus mechanisms may emerge in the future.
8. Jinwowo network analysis: consensus mechanism is how to reach a consensus among all accounting nodes to determine the validity of a record, which is not only a means of identification, but also a means of preventing tampering.
9. Marx said that "all social life is practical in essence" (Mo Xiao, I want to hold Marx up). Practice is the birthplace of social relations. Practice inherently contains three relationships, namely, the relationship between man and nature, the relationship between man and man, and the relationship between man and his own consciousness, which constitute the most basic relationship of human society
because the problem we want to discuss is very low-level, which is not only the core problem of blockchain, but also the basic problem of human society: mechanism, coordination of these three relationships, In order to play a better role, there must be a set of mechanism
the society based on game pursues a dynamic balance, but it is not easy for a good mechanism to make things play a perfect game and achieve equilibrium, and unknown new things are constantly emerging to break the existing equilibrium; Even the existing system has loopholes from time to time, causing a certain range of shocks. Our laws are constantly being amended, just like bugs, often in patching. If a supervised system is still like this, it is difficult to construct an unsupervised adaptive mechanism. What blockchain pursues is to construct an unsupervised adaptive consensus mechanism
because the problem we want to discuss is very low-level, which is not only the core problem of blockchain, but also the basic problem of human society: mechanism, coordination of these three relationships, In order to play a better role, there must be a set of mechanism
the society based on game pursues a dynamic balance, but it is not easy for a good mechanism to make things play a perfect game and achieve equilibrium, and unknown new things are constantly emerging to break the existing equilibrium; Even the existing system has loopholes from time to time, causing a certain range of shocks. Our laws are constantly being amended, just like bugs, often in patching. If a supervised system is still like this, it is difficult to construct an unsupervised adaptive mechanism. What blockchain pursues is to construct an unsupervised adaptive consensus mechanism
10. The general itinerary of the group period is as follows:
Pattaya—— One day tour of Shami Island—— Pattaya & Chen 134; Location of Du Lala's promotion; Thai massage
after breakfast, drive to the [Shami Island National Marine Nature Reserve scenic area] of Luo Yong mansion to launch a wonderful one-day tour of Shami island. Take a boat to sea, and the sea and sky are the same. You will be intoxicated with the embrace of nature. The blue sky and green sea are accompanied by the boundless coast, and the waves and bubbles rush to the beach. We have prepared beach reclining chairs for you. You can change into the most beautiful swimsuit, enjoy the embrace of the sea, sunbathe, blow the sea breeze, enjoy the leisurely island scenery, relax yourself, forget all the worldly noise, and enjoy the rare holiday from this paradise. At noon, you can enjoy the fresh seafood on the island. The original flavor will make you have endless aftertaste. In the afternoon, take a speedboat back to enjoy the world-famous night city of Pattaya. Before dark, we can also visit the water town of Sihe Town, the newly developed and most popular location of Du Lala's promotion. There are a variety of unique local procts in the water market, which will make you happy. Then arrange the ancient Thai massage. The ancient Thai massage is similar to the traditional Chinese massage. Regular massage of acupoints can also relax the muscles and activate the collaterals. Specially arrange a 1-hour course of treatment to make you healthy and refreshing.
Pattaya—— One day tour of Shami Island—— Pattaya & Chen 134; Location of Du Lala's promotion; Thai massage
after breakfast, drive to the [Shami Island National Marine Nature Reserve scenic area] of Luo Yong mansion to launch a wonderful one-day tour of Shami island. Take a boat to sea, and the sea and sky are the same. You will be intoxicated with the embrace of nature. The blue sky and green sea are accompanied by the boundless coast, and the waves and bubbles rush to the beach. We have prepared beach reclining chairs for you. You can change into the most beautiful swimsuit, enjoy the embrace of the sea, sunbathe, blow the sea breeze, enjoy the leisurely island scenery, relax yourself, forget all the worldly noise, and enjoy the rare holiday from this paradise. At noon, you can enjoy the fresh seafood on the island. The original flavor will make you have endless aftertaste. In the afternoon, take a speedboat back to enjoy the world-famous night city of Pattaya. Before dark, we can also visit the water town of Sihe Town, the newly developed and most popular location of Du Lala's promotion. There are a variety of unique local procts in the water market, which will make you happy. Then arrange the ancient Thai massage. The ancient Thai massage is similar to the traditional Chinese massage. Regular massage of acupoints can also relax the muscles and activate the collaterals. Specially arrange a 1-hour course of treatment to make you healthy and refreshing.
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