Handwritten blockchain
The most significant applications are
1. Think about using blockchain in enterprise applications to provide more flexible, safe and efficient business processes and distributed, independent markets. Blockchain allows asset owners to track and trade valuable things, such as outstanding invoices, on a transaction "chain" that is more secure, transparent, private and self-coordinating. This capability improves the speed and flexibility of cash and asset management. For example, you are afraid to buy fake things, because a manufacturer transfers proction to several middlemen, and then you buy through middlemen, not manufacturers. If all the data is distributed, point-to-point and transparent, you can buy and pay directly from the manufacturer
The automation market of other assets will be diversified. In essence, because the software itself is controlled and open architecture, and visible to all transaction participants, the transaction based on blockchain can rece the demand for third-party supervision. If the enterprise can publish the value information to multiple potential buyers, and for all buyers, the content can be trusted and visible, and the seller can't sell again, then an open and transparent competitive environment will be formed when purchasing, and the seller can get better prices3. Rece business transaction friction. Managing spending is a challenge for most organizations. However, blockchain enables enterprises to create self-management networks for suppliers and partners, realize contract automation, real-time payment, tracking of goods transportation, and visibility of the whole supply chain. For example, if a company uses refrigerated containers to transport perishable goods, when the container temperature exceeds a certain threshold, the IOT sensor on the truck may call the smart contract on the blockchain. This will cause the corresponding order to be cancelled, and it will also be able to automatically create a new order, so that a second batch of goods can be sent immediately. Trucks with faulty refrigeration equipment can also go to the repair Office for repair
This kind of network can rece transaction errors and information omission by recing or eliminating human-computer interaction. Moreover, by connecting buyers and sellers directly, transactions can become faster. Manage and secure decentralized private records. Its traditional instry practice is to rely on a third party, using firewalls and restricted access to protect their shared information database. And frequent data leakage events show that this approach is not very ideal. A fundamental advantage of blockchain is that each indivial data record or element is encrypted by the key of a blockchain member. Cybercrime may need to obtain each key of each member in order to access all the blockchain data. This is not to say that blockchain can guarantee 100% security of all data, which helps to rece the possibility of exposure of a large number of private records5. A reasonable application is the record of employees or students. Employers, ecational institutions and even instry certification bodies can add new qualifications, grades or work places when necessary. Imagine giving employees a key to access all their employee records as part of a secure blockchain containing human resources. Indivials can safely share their university transcripts or employment history with other companies or ecational institutions without relying on unreliable and easily falsified faxes. Trace the origin of procts and raw materials. Blockchain can help ensure proct quality and safety by simplifying the tracking and positioning of procts and raw materials in use. For example, if an automobile manufacturer forms a quality centered blockchain including parts suppliers, parts assemblers, quality control suppliers and public management organizations (such as the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration). Then the recall process of defective parts will be faster. It makes sense to think that thousands of people die every year because of defective car parts
6. Verify identity, verify published information and data. Create a better user control mechanism. Nowadays, user information is easy to be manipulated, distributed to third parties, or even sold, so as to create revenue streams for owners of social media platforms, which will never be shared with users of information. Blockchain can disrupt all of these activities. It allows users to control their own information and its exact location. No platform can be accessed without permission. Users can decide who can access their information. They can deal directly with advertisers and third parties according to their choice, rather than like others. Moreover, users can choose to share their information with advertisers on any platform for a fee
to sum up, blockchain is a kind of chained data structure that combines data blocks in chronological order in a sequential way, and it can not be tampered with and forged by cryptography. In a broad sense, blockchain technology uses blockchain data structure to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithm to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access A new distributed infrastructure and computing method (reference network) for programming and operating data by using intelligent contract composed of automated script code
Application in finance
three major applications of blockchain technology
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Application of blockchain technology in asset securitization field
< / OL >
in recent years, The domestic asset securitization (ABS) instry is developing rapidly. At the same time, the problems of asset cash flow management need to be improved, the transparency and efficiency of underlying asset supervision need to be improved, the efficiency of asset transaction settlement is low, and the cost of credit enhancement is high are graally exposed. In order to apply blockchain technology in ABS field, participants need to build ABS blockchain alliance, which is composed of asset side, pre ABS investor, SPV (trust), escrow bank, manager, intermediary, ABS investor and exchange. Its core business includes fund transaction reconciliation, transaction file management, data interaction interface, information release and sharing, underlying asset management, intelligent ABS workflow and so on. Blockchain application can at least empower ABS instry in the following five aspects
To improve the cash flow management of ABS< Second, it is concive to penetrating supervisionthirdly, it can improve the settlement efficiency of financial assets< (4) the efficiency and transparency of securities trading will be greatly enhanced
fifthly, it can rece the transfer cost of credit enhancement
2. Application of blockchain technology in insurance instry. However, with the tightening of regulatory policies on medium and short-term survival procts, the business scale of universal insurance has declined significantly. In the aspect of insurance proct design, blockchain is concive to promoting the breakthrough and rapid development of customized insurance categories, such as agricultural insurance and proct quality insurance
quality insurance can endorse the reputation of enterprises and protect the rights and interests of consumers. However, insurance companies need to make a comprehensive evaluation of enterprises and procts to underwrite quality insurance, but these data are often difficult to collect truly and effectively, which restricts the development of quality insurance. The establishment of proct traceability and anti-counterfeiting application platform based on the underlying technology of blockchain can help insurance companies easily trace the information of proct proction, processing, sales, purchase, complaints and other links through the platform, so as to effectively judge the incidence of quality defects of related procts, formulate insurance procts, and promote consumption upgrading and instrial upgrading
in insurance sales, the application of blockchain technology can simplify the sales process, save the sales cost and realize the traceability of insurance sales. From the perspective of insurance companies, when willing policyholders purchase insurance policies through channels, channel providers uniformly send policyholders' information to the blockchain platform. The platform judges whether willing policyholders are in the white list according to the distributed storage information. If they meet the standards, they will accept the purchase request, which saves the tedious process of manual transmission, acceptance, review and feedback. From the perspective of consumers, blockchain technology can realize the traceability of insurance sales behavior and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. The insurance sales market has been in chaos, and the phenomenon of false publicity of insurance procts through deception, concealment or incement has been repeatedly prohibited. Blockchain technology can link the key actions of each link of insurance sales, and realize the traceability of the whole process of sales actions, so as to standardize the insurance sales behavior and promote the sustained, healthy and stable development of the instry
in the insurance claim process, the application of blockchain technology can improve the claim efficiency and customer experience. Claim and loss handling process is an important process in insurance market. The complex claim process increases the cost, reces the claim efficiency and affects the customer experience. Smart contract technology can simplify the claim submission process, rece the need for manual review and shorten the processing cycle. At the same time, it is easier to identify suspicious behaviors through the historical claims and asset source records in the distributed ledger
in the field of insurance anti fraud, the application of blockchain technology can effectively prevent the occurrence of insurance fraud. Insurance fraud not only erodes the profits of insurance companies, but also damages the legitimate rights and interests of other insurance consumers. Although every insurance company has made a lot of efforts in anti fraud, the reality is still grim. Blockchain technology can at least help the insurance instry alleviate or even resolve this stubborn disease in the following two aspects. First, establish anti fraud sharing platform to rece fraud and strengthen evaluation through historical claim information; The second is to establish "unique and identifiable identity information" by using reliable data sources and coded business rules, so as to prevent false use of identity
3. The application of blockchain technology in the field of asset custody
in recent years, the global asset custody instry has entered the fast lane of rapid development, and the scale of Custody Assets and main custody procts have maintained rapid growth., However, there is still a certain gap between this scale and the international advanced peers, and there is still a large space for the development of China's asset custody instry
the application of intelligent contract technology in blockchain can effectively solve the operational risk in asset custody business. We can optimize the business process of asset custody from the following aspects: first, we realize the automation of the whole process, encapsulate the business instruction judgment and execution rules into the smart contract, use the smart contract execution and provide risk tips; The second is to improve the process efficiency, the real-time sharing of asset change, transaction details and other information among the asset consignor, manager, trustee and agent, eliminating the process of repeated verification and right confirmation; The third is to ensure the security of the performance and the authenticity of the transaction. By setting the key, the formal information of the participants, the limited visibility of the account information and the verifiability of the transaction are guaranteed; The fourth is to ensure that the information can not be tampered with, and put the compliance verification requirements of the investment plan on the blockchain to ensure that each transaction is completed on the basis of consensus
at present, bitcoin is the most closely related to blockchain. If you want to learn more about bitcoin blockchain, you can follow some new media. For example, Sohu, Baijia, mustard circle and so on. Foreign websites, such as CCN, coindesk, etc., all have huge applications
in fact, blockchain uses the basic principles of modern cryptography to ensure its security mechanism. The knowledge system involved in the field of cryptography and security is very complicated. Here, I only introce the basic knowledge of cryptography related to blockchain, including hash algorithm, encryption algorithm, information digest and digital signature, zero knowledge proof, quantum cryptography, etc. Through this lesson, you can learn how to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, authentication and non repudiation of the blockchain using cryptography technology
basic course lesson 7 basic knowledge of blockchain security
1. Hash algorithm (hash algorithm)
hash function (hash), also known as hash function. Hash function: hash (original information) = summary information. Hash function can map any length of binary plaintext string to a shorter (generally fixed length) binary string (hash value)
a good hash algorithm has the following four characteristics:
1. One to one correspondence: the same plaintext input and hash algorithm can always get the same summary information output
2. Input sensitivity: even if the plaintext input changes slightly, the newly generated summary information will change greatly, which is greatly different from the original output
3. Easy to verify: plaintext input and hash algorithm are public, anyone can calculate by themselves, and whether the output hash value is correct
4. Irreversibility: if there is only the output hash value, the hash algorithm can never dece the plaintext
5. Conflict avoidance: it is difficult to find two plaintexts with different contents, but their hash values are the same (collision)
for example:
hash (Zhang San lent Li Si 100000 yuan for 6 months) = 123456789012
such a record as 123456789012 is recorded in the account book
it can be seen that hash function has four functions:
simplify information
it is easy to understand, and the information after hashing becomes shorter
identification information
you can use 123456789012 to identify the original information, and summary information is also called the ID of the original information
hidden information
the account book is a record like 123456789012, and the original information is hidden
verification information
if Li Si cheated that Zhang San only lent Li Si 50000 when repaying, both parties can verify the original information with the hash value of 123456789012 recorded before
hash (Zhang San lent Li Si 50000 for 6 months) = 987654321098
987654321098 is completely different from 123456789012, which proves that Li Si lied, Then the information can't be tampered
common hash algorithms include MD4, MD5 and Sha series algorithms, and Sha series algorithms are basically used in mainstream fields. Sha (secure hash algorithm) is not an algorithm, but a group of hash algorithms. At first, it was SHA-1 series, and now the mainstream applications are sha-224, SHA-256, sha-384 and sha-512 algorithms (commonly known as SHA-2). Recently, Sha-3 related algorithms have been proposed, such as keccak-256 used by Ethereum
MD5 is a very classic hash algorithm, but unfortunately, both it and SHA-1 algorithm have been cracked. It is considered by the instry that its security is not enough to be used in business scenarios. Generally, sha2-256 or more secure algorithm is recommended
hash algorithm is widely used in blockchain. For example, in blocks, the latter block will contain the hash value of the previous block, and the content of the later block + the hash value of the previous block will jointly calculate the hash value of the later block, which ensures the continuity and non tamperability of the chain< Encryption and decryption algorithm is the core technology of cryptography, which can be divided into two basic types: symmetric encryption algorithm and asymmetric encryption algorithm. According to whether the key used in the encryption and decryption process is the same or not, the two modes are suitable for different needs, just forming a complementary relationship, and sometimes can be combined to form a hybrid encryption mechanism
symmetric cryptography (also known as common key cryptography) has the advantages of high computational efficiency and high encryption strength; Its disadvantage is that it needs to share the key in advance, which is easy to leak and lose the key. The common algorithms are des, 3DES, AES and so on
asymmetric cryptography (also known as public key cryptography) is different from the encryption and decryption key, and its advantage is that it does not need to share the key in advance; Its disadvantage is that it has low computational efficiency and can only encrypt short content. Common algorithms include RSA, SM2, ElGamal and elliptic curve series. Symmetric encryption algorithm is suitable for the encryption and decryption process of a large number of data; It can't be used in signature scenario: and it often needs to distribute the key in advance. Asymmetric encryption algorithm is generally suitable for signature scenario or key agreement, but it is not suitable for large amount of data encryption and decryption< Third, information digest and digital signature
as the name suggests, information digest is to hash the information content to obtain a unique digest value to replace the original and complete information content. Information digest is the most important use of hash algorithm. Using the anti-collision feature of hash function, information digest can solve the problem that the content has not been tampered
digital signature is similar to signing on paper contract to confirm contract content and prove identity. Digital signature is based on asymmetric encryption, which can be used to prove the integrity of a digital content and confirm the source (or non repudiation)
we have two requirements for digital signature to make it consistent with our expectation for handwritten signature. First, only you can make your own signature, but anyone who sees it can verify its validity; Second, we want the signature to be only related to a specific file and not support other files. These can be achieved by our asymmetric encryption algorithm above
in practice, we usually sign the hash value of information instead of the information itself, which is determined by the efficiency of asymmetric encryption algorithm. Corresponding to the blockchain, it is to sign the hash pointer. In this way, the front is the whole structure, not just the hash pointer itself< Zero knowledge proof means that the verifier can make the verifier believe that a certain conclusion is correct without providing any additional information to the verifier
zero knowledge proof generally meets three conditions:
1. Completeness: authentic proof can make the verifier successfully verify
2. Soundness: false proof can not make the verifier pass the verification
3. Zero knowledge: if you get proof, you can't get any information other than the proof information from the proof process< With more and more attention paid to the research of quantum computing and quantum communication, quantum cryptography will have a huge impact on the information security of cryptography in the future
the core principle of quantum computing is that qubits can be in multiple coherent superposition states at the same time. Theoretically, a large amount of information can be expressed by a small number of qubits and processed at the same time, which greatly improves the computing speed
in this way, a large number of current encryption algorithms are theoretically unreliable and can be cracked, so the encryption algorithm has to be upgraded, otherwise it will be broken by quantum computing
as we all know, quantum computing is still in the theoretical stage, which is far from large-scale commercial use. However, the new generation of encryption algorithms should consider the possibility of this situation.
Blockchain and artificial intelligence are the next era
There is a good combination between the twoblockchain is a new application mode of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies. Blockchain is an important concept of bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated by using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of information about bitcoin network transactions, Used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block
artificial intelligence, abbreviated as AI. It is a new technical science to research and develop the theory, method, technology and application system for simulating, extending and expanding human intelligence
Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science, which attempts to understand the essence of intelligence and proce a new intelligent machine that can respond in a way similar to human intelligence. The research in this field includes robot, language recognition, image recognition, natural language processing and expert system. Since the birth of artificial intelligence, its theory and technology have become increasingly mature, and its application fields have also been expanding. It can be imagined that the scientific and technological procts brought by artificial intelligence in the future will be the "container" of human intelligence. Artificial intelligence can simulate the information process of human consciousness and thinking. Artificial intelligence is not human intelligence, but it can think like human and may surpass human intelligence At present, blockchain technology can be divided into three versions At present, in the first three versions, there are some problems, such as the lack of decentralization, low scalability, the mismatch between the incentive of the blocker and the best profit of the whole network, and the network always runs at the maximum capacity, such as bitcoin and Ethereum, which affect the efficiencyVelas combines the two to develop a public chain that can learn and improve itself
Velas enhances its consensus algorithm through artificial intelligence (AI) optimized neural network, and concts self-learning and self optimized public chain, aiming at improving the security, interoperability and high scalability of transfer process and intelligent contract. Velas adopts the dpos consensus enhanced by AI, which completely realizes decentralization without recing the security and transaction speed
technically, Velas has integrated functions and services such as cross chain payment, multi signature wallet supporting multi currency, anonymous transfer, etc. Its Ecosystem focuses on all application scenarios covering transaction and payment, such as exchanges, multi signature wallets, merchant platforms, etc. after AI is fully connected to the system, the transfer fee can be completely exempted
and complete decentralization through AI enhanced dpos (aidpos) & gt; AI chooses who to mortgage the token according to the needs of blockchain & gt; Velas only blocks when needed & lt; Between every 1 second and every 2 minutes & gt& gt; Scalability (up to 30000 TPS) & gt; Block procers are selected by artificial intuition< br />
The term "smart contract" can be traced back to at least 1995 and was proposed by the prolific interdisciplinary legal scholar Nick Szabo. He mentioned the concept of smart contract in several articles published on his website. His definition is as follows:
"a smart contract is a set of promises defined in digital form, including the agreements on which the contract participants can implement these commitments."
Let's explore the meaning of his definition in more detailcommitment
a set of commitments refers to the (often mutual) rights and obligations agreed by contract participants. These commitments define the nature and purpose of the contract. Take a sales contract as a typical example. The seller promises to deliver the goods and the buyer promises to pay a reasonable price
digital form
digital form means that contracts have to be written into computer-readable code. This is necessary, because as long as the participants reach an agreement, the rights and obligations of smart contract establishment are executed by a computer or computer network
(1) when will the parties to the smart contract reach an agreement? The answer depends on the specific smart contract implementation. Generally speaking, the contract is discovered when the parties are committed to the execution of the contract by installing the contract on the contract host platform (2) the real meaning of "execution" also depends on implementation. Generally speaking, implementation means active implementation through technical means(3) computer readable code
in addition, the specific "digital form" required by the contract is very dependent on the agreement that the parties agree to use
protocol
protocol is technical implementation, on this basis, the contract commitment is realized, or the contract commitment is recorded. Which agreement to choose depends on many factors, the most important of which is the nature of the assets being traded ring the performance of the contract
again, take the sales contract as an example. Suppose that the participants agree to pay in bitcoin. The chosen protocol will obviously be bitcoin protocol, on which the smart contract will be implemented. Therefore, the "digital form" that the contract must use is bitcoin scripting language. Bitcoin scripting language is a non Turing complete, imperative, stack based programming language, similar to forth
smart contract
the Xueshuo innovation blockchain Technology Workstation of Lianqiao ecation online is the only approved" blockchain technology professional "pilot workstation of" smart learning workshop 2020 Xueshuo innovation workstation "launched by the school planning, construction and Development Center of the Ministry of ecation of China. Based on providing diversified growth paths for students, the professional station promotes the reform of the training mode of the combination of professional degree research, proction, learning and research, and constructs the applied and compound talent training system
at present, financial management is mainly carried out by information system, including LIS system, PACS system and OA system in addition to his system [5]. At present, except for the hospitals with advanced technology in some developed areas, most hospitals have not yet achieved a high degree of integration between the systems. Therefore, the differences in basic operation algorithms, data collection and feedback methods lead to the poor timeliness of information disclosure of each mole of the financial system, which can not meet the requirements of government departments for financial transparency. With the support of blockchain technology, the hospital's various mole systems can operate in an integrated way, and the system data of different sectors can be extracted and shared in time, which lays a solid foundation for the integration of hospital's financial system accounting, budget implementation, capital revenue and expenditure, financial analysis, etc
2. Deepen the content of financial management
with the continuous deepening of medical reform, the business volume of medical institutions has increased, and the more refined the financial management is required. However, the current hospital financial management is far from enough segmentation. Under the diversified changes of medical insurance and expenditure, the lag of information statistics seriously hinders the accurate and automatic operation of the financial system. Strictly speaking, hospital financial management only includes budget management, cost management and other contents, and subsequent other expenses are easy to be connected in the calculation process, which can not meet the needs of financial function integration process. Therefore, we should sort out the existing financial work, take the financial budget, revenue and expenditure as the source of management, and bring the medical project research funds, operating funds, expenditure approval into the scope of financial management. The introction of blockchain technology into the hospital financial management system can not only realize the above financial management steps, but also investigate and track the use of funds in real time, so as to realize the traceability of the source and the clarity of the direction of funds in the process of investigation. In this way, the horizontal development of financial content can fully improve the efficiency of hospital financial management
3. Improve the efficiency and accuracy of hospital financial management
hospital financial management plays an important role in the daily operation of the hospital, and also determines the accuracy of hospital financial information. The hospital should focus on improving the financial management to prevent and control the economic crisis caused by the financial management failure. In terms of the current enterprise financial management, the application of blockchain technology and AI intelligence is the overall development trend. Therefore, the combination of blockchain technology is an important grasp to upgrade the hospital financial management system. Affected by the characteristics of the hospital instry and the limitations of technical means, in the past, the financial management was mainly based on post inspection accounting, and the financial changes were involved early and the control was relatively lacking. In the face of increasingly detailed cross department financial data, the traditional financial management audit mode needs a lot of manpower in the aspects of evidence query, audit judgment and financial budget. The distributed bookkeeping technology and weak centralization of blockchain technology make it automatic and efficient to record financial transaction data after the verification of blockchain network nodes There are complete and remarkable characteristics in time and space. The hospital financial system built by blockchain technology can collect all kinds of effective financial data in real time and conct dynamic analysis according to the smart contract, which greatly improves the efficiency and precision of hospital financial management_ To ensure the safety of financial management in all departments of the hospital
4. Strengthen financial budget management
traditional hospital financial management is usually based on the past frequency of equipment use and the range of drug use. Some hospital financial managers think that it is only necessary to allocate resources according to the requirements of higher authorities, which leads to the intelligent financial system can not be well implemented in the hospital financial budget management system. The smart contract part in the blockchain technology can effectively enhance the control of hospital funds. The so-called smart contract is a program that automatically processes assets based on blockchain technology according to preset conditions. Blockchain technology is characterized by significant independence from the participation of third parties, so it is only necessary to input the funds allocated to the budget into the blockchain from the source, and the traceability and whereabouts of the budget funds can be presented clearly and transparently [7]. Smart contract mechanism can ensure the reasonable use of budget funds, and obviously eliminate the illegal use. In addition, blockchain technology can monitor the budget execution in real time and give early warning to the budget data changes with different usage. With the help of the self settlement (clearing) function in the smart contract, the transaction settlement (clearing) can be automated and fast, which can significantly rece the error rate of financial personnel and improve the budget implementation effect
source: Source: Friends of Accountants (issue 03, 2021)
Electronic contract itself is a kind of electronic data, which has security defects such as easy to tamper and delete, which is not concive to the long-term development of the service. In order to ensure the legal effect of the electronic documents and electronic contracts signed by users on the electronic contract platform, it is necessary to deposit the whole process of electronic contract signing
in the application of "legal chain" based on blockchain certificate keeping technology, the platform will archive the key links of electronic contract signing, and store the key information and data in the whole blockchain, so as to realize the whole process of electronic contract certificate keeping
in-depth study of its implementation principle, blockchain uses cryptography algorithm, specially designed data structure and multi-party consensus algorithm to solve the consistency, reliable storage and anti tampering problems of multi-party transaction records by machine algorithm, which has a strong natural relationship with electronic data storage
First of all, the electronic contract signing records are stored in a shared account book jointly maintained by multiple parties, which can not be tampered with, denied or lostsecondly, the text and elements of the electronic contract are encrypted, including the participants of the electronic contract. Only the participants can decrypt and view the data to protect the privacy of the parties
thirdly, the machine strictly implements the pre-defined rules (smart contract), and no longer relies on a single agreement with a third party. KYC service based on blockchain automatically checks and verifies the validity and identity of certificates, and ensures the authenticity of participants' identities on the basis of privacy
at present, the electronic contracts signed on our electronic contract platform have realized the distributed storage of digital fingerprints of electronic documents through blockchain technology, which further strengthens the legal effect of the platform's electronic contracts
Through the deep use of cryptography algorithm, specially designed data structure and multi-party consensus algorithm, blockchain uses machine algorithm to solve the consistency, reliable storage and anti tampering problems of multi-party transaction records, which has a natural strong correlation with electronic data storage
at present, the electronic contract signed on the advanced electronic contract platform has realized the distributed storage of digital fingerprints of electronic documents through the blockchain technology, which further strengthens the legal effect of the platform electronic contract
Blockchain is not just a fire. It's a fire in China, but we don't know much about it. But it caused a certain sensation in the world. The historical background is that in 2008, the creator of bitcoin, Tsung Nakamoto, proposed the concept of "blockchain" in the white paper on bitcoin, and founded the bitcoin social network in 2009
several main features:
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blockchain is essentially a decentralized database. The information in our life is centralized. For example, if you transfer money to bank a, bank a will transfer it to bank B, or more intermediaries, so as to transfer it to foreign countries or other places. Any information is transferred to a central station and redistributed. In the blockchain, all data are scattered, and the data interaction is direct, from the starting point of data to the place where it needs to be received. So data transmission is faster, more direct, and will not be manipulated
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why is it called blockchain? Take bitcoin blockchain as an example. Every 10 minutes of bitcoin transaction information in the world will be recorded in a block, and the 10 minutes of data storage is monitored by all users. The information is transparent and cannot be tampered with. After ten minutes, the next block is generated, and the new block is linked with the previous block. If someone wants to tamper with the information of a block, he must tamper with the information of all blocks before that, which is impossible with the current technology
What is the use of < / OL >
1. Think about using blockchain in enterprise applications to provide more flexible, secure and efficient business processes and distributed, independent markets. Blockchain allows asset owners to track and trade valuable things, such as outstanding invoices, on a transaction "chain" that is more secure, transparent, private and self-coordinating. This capability improves the speed and flexibility of cash and asset management. For example, you are afraid to buy fake things, because a manufacturer transfers proction to several middlemen, and then you buy through middlemen, not manufacturers. If all the data is distributed, point-to-point and transparent, you can buy and pay directly from the manufacturer
The automation market of other assets will be diversified. In essence, because the software itself is controlled and open architecture, and visible to all transaction participants, the transaction based on blockchain can rece the demand for third-party supervision. If the enterprise can publish the value information to multiple potential buyers, and for all buyers, the content can be trusted and visible, and the seller can't sell again, then an open and transparent competitive environment will be formed when purchasing, and the seller can get better prices3. Rece business transaction friction. Managing spending is a challenge for most organizations. However, blockchain enables enterprises to create self-management networks for suppliers and partners, realize contract automation, real-time payment, tracking of goods transportation, and visibility of the whole supply chain. For example, if a company uses refrigerated containers to transport perishable goods, when the container temperature exceeds a certain threshold, the IOT sensor on the truck may call the smart contract on the blockchain. This will cause the corresponding order to be cancelled, and it will also be able to automatically create a new order, so that a second batch of goods can be sent immediately. Trucks with faulty refrigeration equipment can also go to the repair Office for repair
This kind of network can rece transaction errors and information omission by recing or eliminating human-computer interaction. Moreover, by connecting buyers and sellers directly, transactions can become faster. Manage and secure decentralized private records. Its traditional instry practice is to rely on a third party, using firewalls and restricted access to protect their shared information database. And frequent data leakage events show that this approach is not very ideal. A fundamental advantage of blockchain is that each indivial data record or element is encrypted by the key of a blockchain member. Cybercrime may need to obtain each key of each member in order to access all the blockchain data. This is not to say that blockchain can guarantee 100% security of all data, which helps to rece the possibility of exposure of a large number of private records5. A reasonable application is the record of employees or students. Employers, ecational institutions and even instry certification bodies can add new qualifications, grades or work places when necessary. Imagine giving employees a key to access all their employee records as part of a secure blockchain containing human resources. Indivials can safely share their university transcripts or employment history with other companies or ecational institutions without relying on unreliable and easily falsified faxes. Trace the origin of procts and raw materials. Blockchain can help ensure proct quality and safety by simplifying the tracking and positioning of procts and raw materials in use. For example, if an automobile manufacturer forms a quality centered blockchain including parts suppliers, parts assemblers, quality control suppliers and public management organizations (such as the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration). Then the recall process of defective parts will be faster. It makes sense to think that thousands of people die every year because of defective car parts
to sum up, blockchain is a kind of chained data structure that combines data blocks in chronological order in a sequential way, and it can not be tampered with and forged by cryptography. In a broad sense, blockchain technology uses blockchain data structure to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithm to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access A new distributed infrastructure and computing method (reference network) for programming and operating data by using intelligent contract composed of automated script code. Hope to help you
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