Zhidu shares have nothing to do with blockchain
"blockchain is equivalent to this account book, and the block is equivalent to a page of this account book. The information carried in the block is the transaction content recorded on this page. The blockchain is block by block, and each block is filled with transaction records and connected together to form a chain, which is called blockchain. "
take bitcoin as an example, there is a "power race" every ten minutes to compete for the right to charge. It's like saying that you have a lot of calculation power, just like your muscles are stronger and more capable of fighting. Everyone will convince you to keep this account, that is, the right to write a block (note that it is not the content in the block) to the general ledger of the blockchain. However, it should be noted that computing power can only determine the probability of winning the competition. For example, there are several lotteries in total, and those with more computing power can buy more to improve the winning probability. However, those who buy more may not win the lottery in the end.
blockchain is a data block chain guaranteed by such computing power. Starting from the first block, each block collects data according to certain rules, and then attaches a value to these data, so that the result of the formed data block after similar one-way function calculation falls into a certain range. By estimating the computing power of the whole network and the size of the control result range, the data blocks that meet the requirements can be found in a long enough time. This calculation result will be included by the next block, and the chain data structure formed in this way is called blockchain
each small ledger is called a block, and each different blockchain protocol (generating different cryptocurrency) will specify the size of each block (the initial bitcoin is 1m). The ledger constitutes a block, the block constitutes a chain list, and the block header contains the hash value of the previous block, which is the blockchain. In this way, no one can modify the content or exchange the order at will. If you do, it means you need to recalculate all the special numbers
regulations allow everyone in the world to build blocks. Every person who builds a new block (finds this special number - sha256 value has 30 zeros) can get a reward. For this part of people (miners) who build a new block:
1. There is no sender information, There is no need to sign
2. Each new block will add a new virtual (encrypted) currency to the whole currency
3. The process of building a new block is also called "mining": it requires a lot of work and can inject new currency into the whole economy
4. The work of mining is: receiving transaction information, building blocks, broadcasting blocks, Then get new money as a reward
for each miner, each block is like a small lottery, and everyone is trying to guess the number quickly until a lucky person finds a special number, so that there are many zeros at the beginning of the hash value of the whole block, and they can get a reward. I remember a Zhihu respondent gave an image analogy. Blockchain is like a king with a beautiful daughter (block). Many young people are looking forward to it. The king's method is to give a very difficult topic for all young people to calculate (learning to change their lives), Who can calculate quickly (or be lucky in the process of calculating the hash value) will be able to win the beauty
for users who want to use this system to collect and pay, they don't need to listen to all the transactions, but just listen to the blocks broadcast by the miners, and then update them to their saved blockchain
"block" can also be imagined as a box, There are some digital currencies and a small note in the block, on which the only transaction information generated in the past ten minutes is recorded, such as "small a transferred to small B100 yuan"; Of course, this piece of information must have been encrypted to ensure that only small a and small B (through the key in their hands) have the ability to interpret the real content
after this magical block was created, it was soon buried underground. Where is it buried? No one does not know that all computer nodes need to participate in digging three feet before it is possible to find (find an effective workload proof). Obviously, this is an event with huge workload and random results. However, for the computer node, once the block is g out from the ground, it will get the valuable digital currency in the block, as well as the tip paid by small a in the process of "small a transferred to small B100 yuan". At the same time, for this node, only he has the right to truly record the contents of the note, which is an honor, while other nodes can only use its , a without digital currency blessing. Of course, there are some other special things about this magical block.
the process of computer nodes digging out blocks from underground is called "mining". As I said just now, this is a huge workload, a lot of luck and a lot of profits. A node on zhangheng road in Pudong New Area of Shanghai, China, suddenly jumped out and said excitedly, "I've g the block! The little notes inside are all valid! The reward belongs to me! ". Although Zhang Heng Road node has got digital currency at the moment, for other computer nodes, because it also involves some other interests, they will not choose to believe what Zhang Heng Road node says by default; Based on the principle that strangers do not trust each other, they take the so-called block () g by Zhang Heng Road node, and start to check whether the small note information in the block is true and effective, etc. In the world of blockchain, nodes check the accuracy of the small note information, or indirectly or directly judge whether the node that successfully digs out the block is lying How to define the true and effective information of a small note will be explained later, but I won't go into details here. In the verification process, each node will directly express their identification (accurate) and attitude towards zhangheng road node through the following two behaviors: stop half or even 80% of the mining process; Add the block () g out by zhangheng road node to the end of its own blockchain. You can be a little confused: if you stop mining, you may have done 80% of the mining work. Then 80% of the previous work is in vain?! Then, what the hell is at the end of the blockchain? For the first puzzle. I want to say that what you said is right, but there is no way. The reality is so cruel. Even if 80% of the work is done, you have to give up. The 80% of the work can be regarded as useless, absolutely damaging the wealth and the masses. The second puzzle is, what is the ghost at the end of blockchain and blockchain? Here, it is not clear in advance, but you can simply imagine: blocks are generated and g out periodically, and a computer node may have executed "take blocks from others" n times in advance; The process of "checking the validity of small notes" must have stored n blocks on its own node, and these blocks will be arranged in a chain in order of time. Yes, this chain is what you always think of as the blockchain. If you still can't understand, it doesn't matter. There will be many opportunities for in-depth study later in the article
go into the more microcosmic world of the block and have a look at what the little note really is, how it came into being and its mission all its life: when initiating a transaction, the initiator will receive a little note, and he needs to write the transaction record, such as "stealing transfer to a piece of RMB 340" on the paper. It's amazing that when it's finished, on the back of the note, the transaction record will be automatically formatted to at least contain the two important fields of "input value" and "output value"“ Input value is used to record the effective source of digital currency, and output value is used to record the object to which digital currency is sent. The newly created note is immediately marked as an "unconfirmed" note. Small pieces of paper that are successfully g out of the ground and eventually connected to the blockchain are initially marked as "valid.". If the valid slip is used as the input value of other transactions, the valid slip will soon be marked as invalid. Due to various reasons, the block is disconnected and discarded from the chain, and the small notes once marked as "valid" in the block will be re marked as "unconfirmed". There is no concept of account balance in the blockchain. The digital asset you really own is actually a piece of transaction information; Get the balance in your digital wallet by simple addition and subtraction. The above 1, 2 and 3 are just the knowledge points forced to you at the beginning. Some of the descriptions may be a bit confusing, which makes you feel confused. Only by understanding the whole blockchain can you have a more comprehensive understanding of the mystery
block capacity. Bitcoin specifies that the block capacity is 1m when it is created, or in the source code. The reason why it was originally designed as 1m is, on the one hand, to prevent DoS attacks. On the other hand, when Zhongben Cong created the blockchain, the capacity was 32m. However, he changed the block capacity to 1m through a humble commit like "clear up". In order to prevent the volume of the blockchain from growing too fast, he added some mystery to the problem of block capacity. The capacity of 1m means that the maximum number of transactions processed by bitcoin is about 2400 (the size of 486882 block 1034.39 is very close)
to put it bluntly, blockchain is a small book for distributed bookkeeping, a tool for bookkeeping, and based on cryptography and cryptography technology, once data transactions are recorded in the book of blockchain, data can not be tampered with and denied. The Internet is the transmission of value, and the blockchain is the transmission of trust. Under the premise of blockchain technology as a credit endorsement, each node in the blockchain changes from a single center to a unified multi center with multi-party participation, which can achieve transaction transmission without the participation of a third party organization and improve the efficiency
blockchain is the core supporting technology of digital cryptocurrency system represented by bitcoin. The core advantage of blockchain technology is decentralization. It can realize point-to-point transaction, coordination and cooperation based on decentralized credit in a distributed system without mutual trust by means of data encryption, time stamp, distributed consensus and economic incentive, so as to solve the common high cost, low cost and low cost of centralized institutions Low efficiency and data storage insecurity provide solutions
the application fields of blockchain include digital currency, token, finance, anti-counterfeiting traceability, privacy protection, supply chain, entertainment, etc. with the popularity of blockchain and bitcoin, many related top domain names have been registered, which has a great impact on the domain name instry
taking the tourism instry as an example, blockchain applications mainly focus on tourism travel, tourism community reviews, digital identity management, credit consumption management, tracking pilot's professional certificate and qualification, loyalty plan of hotels and airlines, reservation management and consumption points management. In addition, blockchain also has applications in finance, games, entertainment and other fields.
first, what is the most important thing about the team? There is a saying in the investment and financing instry that investment is investment. This is the golden rule. Investment can be used for anything
the project is very important, but it is not the most important. If the people are right, everything is right. So the first thing is to look at the team. The most important thing in the team is the founder
has the founder ever been proved to be successful? Anyone in the grassroots team can pull it, but what have you done before? No matter how much luck he has, he has at least some characteristics of a successful person
it doesn't matter if you look at the right person, even if the investment project turns yellow, because an excellent entrepreneur will keep forging ahead, constantly find new things to play with, and his character is reliable
on the contrary, if this point is not judged accurately, no matter how strong the tuyere is, after all, not everyone can succeed in this tuyere, and even if you succeed, you may not get much profit, because it is very easy to kick you out
so for Xiaosan, the only purpose of judging the team is to believe that he can do it successfully. As for whether the market performance in the later stage is excellent or not, you can't see it just by looking at him and PPT. Unless he is a star with many successful cases in front, then when you invest, the investment value has reached the level compatible with the risk, so you can guarantee that he can do it
Second, look at the community
many people look at the project, who's the platform and whether there are big names. Is this important? It's a little useful, but it's not that useful
it's useful in the early stage, because there are few people watching their platform. Fans will think, "Wow, teacher so and so's platform, it must be a good thing that he really recognizes." Later, I learned that some of them were for the sake of friends' face, and some of them were for the sake of collecting money, so it's not very useful in the back of the platform
what is really important? It's the community! The number of people in the community, the degree of recognition of the community, that is, the stickiness of the community
when you buy a currency, you want it to go up. Why? There are enough buyers to go up. Who will buy it? The fans of big names will not come to buy it. The real reason to raise the price of a currency is from the real community users who really want to have this token to use in the ecology and who are proud of holding more tokens
they have piled up the market value of this community with real money and silver, and also realized group profit. The more people they buy, the more profitable they will be, and even direct financial freedom is possible. So you must see how the community construction of this currency is
therefore, the public chain technology of blockchain project is a threshold, but what is higher than the technical threshold is an excellent enough community
Third, project valuation
the first is benchmarking, which is vertical comparison. This proct is similar to what someone is going to do. Let's check the market value of this proct and how much it is. It's a benchmark to see how many times there is room for growth
the second one is horizontal comparison. You can switch it between bull and bear to see where its valuation ranks and whether it is undervalued< Fourth, whether it is necessary to judge whether a blockchain project has prospects depends on whether the project must be transformed by blockchain
in most cases, we should choose those projects that have real innovation and solve practical problems, but this problem has not been completely solved, and its token has irreplaceable application value in the ecology, not just those projects that replace legal currency and bitcoin
the above four conditions are met: reliable team, enough community members, strong stickiness, low project valuation, large appreciation space, and huge irreplaceable ecological value. Not to mention all in, there is no big problem in long-term holding.
In recent years, blockchain and artificial intelligence have been very popular
first of all, blockchain is to establish a decentralized network. The so-called decentralization means that the network does not belong to you or me
it belongs to everyone
Artificial intelligence is a new technology science that researches and develops the theory, method, technology and application system for simulating, extending and expanding human intelligence. In other words, "machine self-learning"in this way, we can think about the combination of blockchain and artificial intelligence
first of all, we need to understand that blockchain can be divided into three stages
However, in the first three stages, there are some problems, such as the lack of decentralization, low scalability, the mismatching between the incentive of the blocker and the best profit of the whole network, and the network always running at the maximum capacity. Serious waste of resources and rece efficiencyso can we combine artificial intelligence with underlying public chain technology to solve these problems
The answer is yes! And there has been team research and development, and has made a certain progressVelas is a public chain that enhances its consensus algorithm through artificial intelligence (AI) optimized neural network, and carries out self-learning and self optimization. It is committed to improving the security, interoperability and high scalability of the transfer process and intelligent contract. Velas adopts the dpos consensus enhanced by AI, which completely realizes decentralization without recing the security and transaction speed. Not only that, AI chooses who to mortgage the token according to the needs of the blockchain; Velas only blocks when needed; Every 1 second to every 2 minutes; Scalability (up to 30000 TPS); Block procers are selected by artificial intuition
the essential feature of digital currency is that it can be used as a currency. First, decentralization. That is, you give me money, you are a point, I am a point. The bank is the center. Responsible for transfer and bookkeeping. Blockchain has no center. Direct point-to-point trading
the second is anonymity. The two sides do not know who the other side is through Internet transactions
thirdly, it is an account book that cannot be tampered with. Because of the consensus mechanism, POW obtains the bookkeeping right to form a block. In other words, you and I can only find that the transaction is recorded in a block, but it cannot be tampered with
Digital RMB is owned by the central bank. The people's Bank of China. It's just blockchain technology. Electronic RMB is more accurate.
The core frequency of 1660 is obviously better than 580, and the video memory of 580 is better than 1660. But for now, 6G video memory is enough, so the 8g video card doesn't have much advantage. In the video card frequency, the three are almost the same, but the resolution of 1660 is obviously superior. 580 and 1660 are on the left and right of 17w, but in the actual game performance, 1660 is better than 580
but in terms of cost performance, 580 must have the highest cost performance. At present, 1660 is about 1500, while 580 is only more than 900. The performance of these two graphics cards is better than 580, but the power consumption is also high. In terms of game performance, 1660 is much better than 580. If you make do with the cost performance, 580 is definitely the highest. So it depends on your specific use. No matter how you compare with these three cards, you can run the current game smoothly
example: Qingmei solemnly tells the chivalrous friends in Xiake community that ZT must be noted
3. PP: ① the abbreviation of "pianpianpian", which refers to photos. ② It's an acronym for "butt." butt means hip< GG: the abbreviation of brother, which refers to male, sometimes used by female to refer to her boyfriend. In contrast, mm, the abbreviation of sister or Meimei, refers to women, sometimes boys use it to refer to their girlfriends< 5. NB: cattle × It's an abbreviation for "amazing" in Beijing dialect< JJ: the abbreviation of sister. ② Short for chicken< DD: the abbreviation of brother, sometimes extended. ② Dongdong is an abbreviation for something
8. GF: girl friend. The opposite is BF, boy friend< Plmm: the abbreviation of pretty girl
10. Ppmm: an upgraded version of plmm
11. RPWT: abbreviation of character problem, from maopu forum. Generally speaking, as long as something is unsolvable, it can be attributed to RPWT
12. Character post: test whether you have RPWT posts. The topic of the post is very hot. As long as you are cheated, it means that you have RPWT
for example: this post called "the naked picture of a simple tree" is a personal proct post. In fact, it's really a picture of a simple tree. Of course, the tree is naked. Where is a tree in clothes? Green eyebrow was cheated into by this character post, if there is RPWT< PF: abbreviation of admiration< SL: short for sex wolf
15. KH: sunflower, the master of "sunflower classic"< Khbd: sunflower classic
17. Pxjf: Exorcism sword technique, originated from khbd, the special sword technique of KH
18. BS: abbreviation of disdain, or B4
for example: if you don't specify ZT, Qingmei will BS you and the whole forum will B4 you< PMP: flattery<
20. Pmpmp: flattery< MPJ: the abbreviation of flatterer< BC: abbreviation of "idiot". It is also the abbreviation of "cabbage". On the Internet, if people say you are cabbage, it means you are BC
23. ODBC: the abbreviation of "Oh, big idiot"< Xb: abbreviation of Xiao< 25. YY: the abbreviation of "Yi Yin", which comes from the sixth chapter of a dream of Red Mansions, is a kind of "Yi Yin" in spirit. On the Internet, its meaning has been further promoted. All novels with extremely inflated confidence are collectively referred to as YY novels< Ze: the abbreviation of "thief evil", which is really disgusting, is the dialect pronunciation in Northeast China
27. Se: "less evil" is the abbreviation of "less nausea"< Xhw: the abbreviation of "small black house", which comes from maopu. In maopu, if you violate the rules, you will be shut in a small black house< FB: the abbreviation of corruption. Now it usually refers to eating and drinking a good meal
30. MD: Damn it, use it with caution
31. TMD: TMD, use with caution
32. Tnnd: he is NND, rude and cautious
33. Jr: bitches, swearing, especially careful< Sjb: neuropathy, dirty words, use with caution
35. Sb: swearing, slandering others, forbidden
36. LR: rotten, forbidden< LJ: garbage, forbidden
38. Ry: human demon, use with caution< JS: the abbreviation of "unscrupulous businessman"
40. Bxcm: ice snow smart< HJ: traitor< FQ: angry youth< BD: stupid
44. Jjww: creaky
45. Tjjtds: playing chicken to death, from maopu forum< CJ: purity< HC: Flower mania
48. BH: tough. From the famous saying of New Oriental fat man Luo: a tough life needs no explanation< GJM: a popular young writer, once suspected of plagiarism. GJM was later regarded as the abbreviation of plagiarism, which means close to "ZT". From Tianya community<
50, San Mao copied 4: this popular young writer wrote a book with the same name as San Mao's works, which is a new idiom derived from it. It means a fanatical mental state of blindly believing in a certain theory or a certain character and completely ignoring the truth, putting the cart before the horse and reversing black and white. From dragon sky<
51, 145: a woman from maopu forum participated in Athens Olympic Games on behalf of the forum. She once did a set of IQ test questions widely spread on the Internet, with a score of 145, so she has a famous saying: those who are smarter than me are not as smart as me, and those who are more beautiful than me are not as smart as me. Tianya community then deces a famous saying: those who are better than CJ don't have BT, those who are better than BT don't have CJ< Frjj: sister Furong, a woman, an Internet phenomenon. From April 2005 until now, she has been on the headlines of almost all websites, sina Tengxun and other major websites and newspapers, and even the central radio station has begun to discuss her phenomenon. Sister Furong's popularity and continued popularity prove that some media and people have reached a state of extreme malice.