Blockchain size limit

1. 99% of them are deceiving. It's deceiving to say how much it will appreciate. It's just a technology, its application is valuable.

2. According to the classification of known blockchain technology applications, jinwowo group can be roughly divided into three categories:
1 - public blockchain; It means that anyone can read and send transactions for validity confirmation, and anyone can participate in the consensus process of the blockchain to jointly maintain the security, transparency and non tampering of the public blockchain data. For example,
2-community blockchain represented by bitcoin; It is also called alliance chain, which means that the nodes participating in the blockchain are selected in advance, and there are usually good network connections and other cooperative relationships between the nodes; Community blockchain is a practical application scenario of the combination of blockchain and physical goods, such as Domenech jewelry's Maobei mode
3-private blockchain: the participating nodes only have a limited range, the data access and use have strict permission management, the write permission is only in the hands of the participants, and the read permission can be opened to the outside world.

3.

Blockchain itself is not illegal, but if it is used illegally, it is illegal

Li Bin, deputy director of Chongqing big data application and development administration, said that as a disruptive innovative frontier technology in the field of big data intelligence, the Chongqing municipal government attaches great importance to active layout, and the municipal government and Yuzhong District Government jointly build a blockchain base. In the second half of last year, the government issued the opinions on accelerating the cultivation and innovative application of blockchain instry, It has officially launched the construction of a place for strategic innovation of blockchain

while actively encouraging the technological progress and instrial development of blockchain, we will resolutely prohibit the illegal use of blockchain technology in accordance with the requirements of relevant national policies

at present, China's blockchain technology and application continue to innovate, and are graally applied in supply chain finance, credit reference, proct traceability and other fields, with huge development space. As a new technology, if blockchain wants to realize large-scale practical application, it must strengthen the cooperation of instry, University, research and application, and promote the continuous development and maturity of technology and application

since 2017, the development of blockchain technology has aroused the deep concern of the government, enterprises and other sectors. Because of its decentralized, tamperable and traceable characteristics, blockchain attracts investors to add weight to this new technology field. For the previous hot speculation of blockchain technology, the cognition of it and investment circles has become increasingly rational

extended data

"Regulations on the management of blockchain information services (Draft)"

Article 9 blockchain information service providers and users shall not use blockchain information services to engage in activities that are prohibited by laws and regulations, such as endangering national security, disrupting social order, and infringing the legitimate rights and interests of others, and shall not use blockchain information services to proce and use blockchain information services Copy, publish and disseminate information prohibited by laws and regulations

Article 13 a blockchain information service provider shall, as the case may be, take such measures as warning, limiting functions, closing account numbers, etc. for users of blockchain information services who violate laws, regulations and service agreements, so as to timely eliminate illegal information, prevent information diffusion, keep relevant records, and report to relevant competent authorities

Article 18 If a blockchain information service provider, in violation of the provisions of Article 9 of these Provisions, makes, copies, publishes and disseminates information content prohibited by laws, regulations and relevant national regulations, the Internet Information Office of the state, provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government shall give a warning and order it to correct within a time limit according to law

if the circumstances are serious or refuse to correct, the service shall be ordered to suspend, and a fine of not less than 5000 yuan but not more than 30000 yuan shall be imposed, until the relevant departments close the service according to law. If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law

If a blockchain information service user violates the provisions of Article 9 of these provisions and makes, copies, publishes and disseminates information content prohibited by laws and regulations and relevant national regulations, the Internet Information Office of the state, provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government shall deal with it in accordance with relevant laws and administrative regulations

Article 19 If a blockchain information service provider violates the provisions of Article 6 of these provisions and fails to mark its record number on its network platform, the Internet Information Office of the state, provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government shall order it to make corrections within a time limit according to its ties, and if it refuses to make corrections, it shall be given a warning and fined not less than 5000 yuan but not more than 10000 yuan

Article 20 If a blockchain information service provider violates the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 4 of these provisions and fails to go through the filing proceres in accordance with these Provisions, the Internet Information Office of the state, provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government shall order it to make corrections within a time limit according to its ties, and if it refuses to make corrections or if the circumstances are serious, it shall be given a warning and fined not less than 10000 yuan but not more than 30000 yuan

Article 21 if the blockchain information service provided by the blockchain information service provider has potential information security risks, the Internet Information Office of the state, provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government shall, according to its ties, order it to rectify and suspend the service within a time limit, and continue to provide information services until it meets the relevant requirements of laws and regulations and national mandatory standards after rectification

if the blockchain information service provider violates the provisions of Article 4, paragraph 2, Article 8, Article 11, Article 12, Article 15 and Article 16 of these Provisions, the state and local Internet Information Office shall give a warning and order it to correct within a time limit according to its ties; If the circumstances are serious or if he refuses to make corrections, he shall be ordered to suspend service and be fined not less than 5000 yuan but not more than 30000 yuan; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law

if the blockchain information service provider violates the provisions of Articles 10, 13 and 14 of these Provisions, it shall be handled by the Internet Information Office of the state, provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government in accordance with the provisions of the network security law of the people's Republic of China

4.

1. Most people don't know what a blockchain is

compared with traditional stocks, real estate, bonds, gold, etc., blockchain assets are a very abstract and virtual form of assets. Blockchain assets represented by bitcoin are a very specialized computer language and program running mode, There is no credit endorsement from any country behind it, nor does any enterprise give it securitization income, which completely depends on the mutual consensus trust between strangers. In this case, although the operation logic of decentralization has been completed, its experiment is only in the initial stage and development stage, and participating in relevant investment is actually a kind of brave adventurer behavior

2. The price of blockchain assets fluctuates violently

because there is not much support from the use level of entities, many blockchain projects are completely dependent on community operation and market speculation, so it is difficult for investors to hold blockchain assets from the perspective of value investment, which leads to frequent capital flow, and the situation of price fluctuations has become a normal. A blockchain related token can soar by 500% in a day, or fall by 90% in a few hours. This kind of drastic price fluctuation is not affordable to ordinary investors

3. The uncertainty of national policies is too great

as an underlying technology, blockchain has basically accepted its value all over the world. However, as the "companion proct" of blockchain, there are still great disputes on national policies, and with the continuous increase of digital currency trading volume, the impact on the global financial market is also increasing. At present, the daily trading volume of the whole digital currency field exceeds US $60 billion, which is comparable to the trading volume of China's Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges, or the average daily trading volume of the New York Stock Exchange. It is impossible to continue to operate outside the supervision. There is a very large regulatory game cycle, and the policies of various countries in this regard may be introced one after another, The impact on the market cannot be ignored

4. All kinds of blockchain projects are good and bad

blockchain technology is originally a very basic architecture technology. At present, e to the global pursuit of funds, many project parties who have nothing to do with blockchain begin to use the concept of blockchain to design procts, And can complete the writing of the white paper of blockchain in a very short time, and then raise market funds. In this case, the technical threshold of the whole blockchain has been lowered. Many companies without the strength and willingness of blockchain development have developed the concept of blockchain purely to obtain financial support, resulting in the flooding of projects. The gap between projects is widening, but ordinary investors are difficult to identify and easy to fall into the trap

5. Currency speculation is not equal to blockchain investment

at present, there are many views that blockchain and digital currency are a whole. You can't develop blockchain technology while suppressing digital currency. I agree with this logic, but currency speculation is not the same as blockchain investment in the real sense. The thing with real investment value must be the thing with scarce supply. If any digital currency is issued, it can represent the application value of the blockchain and bring some innovation to the society. Then any blockchain technology team that can issue digital currency can issue dozens of digital currencies and change its name in a very short time. Therefore, digital currency itself has little logical relationship with blockchain assets. Blockchain projects must be a market with obvious scarcity, but digital currency does not have great scarcity. This is like saying that any Internet company can develop a chat software similar to wechat, but the chat software itself does not have much value. The real value lies in how many people participate in the chat software. Digital money is just a chat software. The current situation is that everyone is frying the software, and few people are concerned about what is on the software. p>

6. Short term overheating, easy to be used by lawless elements

the particularity of the blockchain instry is that many of the ecology has become very financial, in the whole process of operation, capital will be very concentrated, and most of the links are related to capital. From raising funds by ICO to sending tokens to investors, to online trading of exchanges, and trading of tokens by users in exchanges, the whole process is almost full of financialization. If the practitioners are not professional enough, have no self-discipline ability, and lack of supervision, then every link may be used by criminals to manipulate the market, Obtain all kinds of illegal income

In order to catch up with the next round of financial technology and digital revolution, Japan holds a very open attitude towards bitcoin and other transactions. Digital currency transactions denominated in Japanese yen occupy half of the whole legal currency trading area in the world, Japan hopes to use digital currency to revive its financial competitiveness. The United States hopes to use mainstream financial markets, such as futures and options derivatives market, to tame bitcoin and make it another powerful tool for us dollar hegemony. And China is also trying to promote sovereign cryptocurrency, one of the important purposes is to promote the internationalization of RMB. The field of digital currency and blockchain assets is likely to become the next big country's game and contention point, which will virtually increase the systematic risk to investors. It's hard to know what unexpected policies appear behind this big country's game and what impact they will bring to the whole market

8. The threat of quantum computer

blockchain generates a set of self-motivated system to ensure that it can run on its own under decentralized conditions. Most of them use asymmetric encryption, and use the corresponding public key to verify the transactions signed by the private key, so as to ensure that bitcoin and other blockchain assets can only be used by legitimate owners. But quantum computer can solve the problem of asymmetric encryption. Quantum computer can calculate the private key from the public key in a few minutes. After knowing all the private keys, people with quantum computer can spend bitcoin and other digital currency at will. Of course, when the quantum computer will come out is also a problem. The digital currency protocol is constantly adding new encryption standards, but the potential threat brought by the quantum computer has to attract the attention of investors

9. There is a possibility of a big reversal in the supply and demand level

the market value of the blockchain token market has hovered around us $trillion. Although OTC funds are still pouring in, the stability and growth rate of the capital inflow are questionable. The supply of encrypted digital currency is a very embarrassing thing. From the perspective of a single digital currency, the total amount is strictly limited. For example, there are only 21 million bitcoins, but the threshold of issuing encrypted digital currency is getting lower and lower. Anyone and any organization can issue encrypted digital currency anytime and anywhere, and the supply is almost unlimited. On the other hand, the increasing transaction cost is restraining the demand side. At present, investors in the transaction link need to pay the transaction fees in the exchange, and also pay the miners' fees when transferring money. If countries begin to tax digital currency transactions in the future, it means that this market will have to bear more operating costs without generating its own profitability, If coupled with the increasing supply level, the overall market supply and demand expectations may reverse in a moment

10. Lack of legal protection for blockchain assets

it is not uncommon that global digital currency exchanges have been "hacked", and in the process of all kinds of over-the-counter and on-the-spot transactions, fraud also occurs from time to time, and the legal protection for investors is very limited. Especially for domestic investors, once they are stolen or cheated because of trading digital currency, it is almost difficult to recover effectively. Due to the lack of intermediary guarantee from banks and other levels, the security of digital currency is entirely under their own responsibility. Although this is in line with the logic of self preservation of private property, it also brings greater uncertainty to the storage and transaction of digital currency assets. Before there is no complete legal system to protect the rights and interests of personal digital currency assets, the legal security of investment in blockchain related assets is a very serious problem

5. The platform is not big, and the daily trading volume is only more than 1 billion. Generally, if the daily trading volume is less than 5 billion, don't consider it.
moreover, this shell has only spot and OTC, and there is no contract

6. With the combination of 5g and robot technology, new consumer electronics procts are emerging. AI solves the problem of machine understanding the world and human-computer interaction. 5g expands the mobile boundary of the robot, and provides more computing power and storage space for the robot (cloud cooperative robot)< According to the IFR classification method, robots can be roughly divided into instrial robots and service robots. Traditional instrial robots are mainly used in automobile and parts, electronic manufacturing, metal and machinery, food processing and so on. Its main feature is to complete the specified action along the specified path according to the predetermined procere. How can AI / 5G enable robots

the application of AI Artificial Intelligence has given birth to service robots. Service robot covers a wide range, including medical, logistics, agriculture, commerce, civil and other aspects. Through the use of AI technology, through data collection, analysis and calculation, service robot can learn human behavior, understand human intention and cooperate with human< According to IFR calculation, the global robot market in 2017 reached US $23.2 billion, of which the instrial robot market reached US $14.7 billion, with 85 robots per 10000 people. The rest is the service robot market, with a market size of US $8.5 billion

by 2030, the robot market is expected to reach 102.8 billion US dollars, about 20% of the smartphone market. Service robots will reach US $56.1 billion, maintaining a compound annual growth rate of 16%, which is faster than that of instrial robots. After two years of rapid development in 2017 and 2018, the number and amount of financing in the artificial intelligence instry in 2019 showed a precipice like decline, capital concentrated in the head enterprises one after another, and the survival of small companies was difficult. Even the head companies have encountered obstacles on the way to listing, and the news of layoffs is constantly shrinking. From the external environment, everyone's life is not easy

cheetah global think tank believes that the future of artificial intelligence is not always full of flowers and applause. If artificial intelligence really wants to lead the next decade, it must be that practitioners abandon the flashy valuation, focus on procts, take root in technology, and strive for the realization of the scene overnight

pencil recommendation:

after two years of rapid development in 2017 and 2018, the number and amount of financing in the artificial intelligence instry will show a precipice like decline in 2019, capital will be concentrated in the head enterprises one after another, and small companies will have a hard time surviving. Even the head companies have encountered obstacles on the way to listing, and the news of layoffs is constantly shrinking. From the external environment, everyone's life is not easy

cheetah global think tank believes that the future of artificial intelligence is not always full of flowers and applause. If artificial intelligence really wants to lead the next decade, it must be that practitioners abandon the flashy valuation, focus on procts, take root in technology, and strive for the realization of the scene overnight<

source | cheetah global think tank

authors | Zhou Ting, pan Xinghan, Li Xin, Xiao Haiyan

report guidance | Han Jianqi, Zhou Ting

I. foreword

I. foreword

if you want to establish a biography for artificial intelligence, 2019 is destined to be a different year of seeking normality. Difficult and awkward, rooted and stick to, multiple complex emotions interweave in this year

difficult! After two years of rapid development in 2017 and 2018, the number and amount of financing in the artificial intelligence instry in 2019 showed a precipice like decline, capital concentrated in the head enterprises one after another, and the survival of small companies was difficult. Even the head companies have encountered obstacles on the way to listing, and the news of layoffs is constantly shrinking. From the external environment, everyone's life is not easy

awkward! 2019 is also a year of disillusionment. Artificial intelligence was once seen as the next opportunity to create a 10 billion dollar giant after the mobile Internet. But in 2019, before the arrival of general artificial intelligence, it is not as versatile as people think. The public's enthusiasm for artificial intelligence has also decreased a lot. How many people are still concerned about the man-machine battle between Li Shishi and Korean go AI "Han Dou" in December this year<

we should cultivate grain, build high walls and become king slowly. Cheetah global think tank believes that the future of artificial intelligence is not always full of flowers and applause. If artificial intelligence really wants to lead the next decade, practitioners must abandon the flashy valuation, focus on procts, take root in technology and seize the day in the scene

next, cheetah global think tank will comprehensively scan the development of artificial intelligence in 2019 from the aspects of policy, capital, technology, intelligent service robots, AI application scenarios, etc., trying to show you a more comprehensive commercialization of artificial intelligence in 2019.

7. Yes~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

8. There should be no restrictions on this. The first batch of enterprises on the chain are all enterprises in Changsha hi tech Zone, which should have requirements for the place of instrial and commercial registration.

9. Capacity expansion is a means that when a container or load is not enough to support or carry the demand of existing things, we can expand the capacity of the container or load to meet the growing demand, so as to relieve the pressure on the current container or load
at the beginning of the birth of bitcoin, Ben Cong, the founder of bitcoin, did not deliberately limit the block size. The maximum block size was 32MB, and the average block size was 1-2kb at that time
at that time, there are few bitcoin users and the transaction volume is not so large, which will not cause block congestion. However, since 2013, with the price of bitcoin rising sharply, there are more and more users, resulting in network congestion of bitcoin and rising transaction costs of users
up to now, there is a backlog of hundreds of thousands of transactions on the bitcoin blockchain. The average transaction cost of bitcoin is 376 times higher than that in September 2010. The processing speed of seven transactions per second has obviously been unable to meet the needs of users. The bitcoin community has begun to explore how to "expand the capacity" of bitcoin
by modifying the underlying code of bitcoin, the transaction processing capacity can be improved
there are two development and design schemes for bitcoin expansion, namely, the first layer and the second layer expansion technology
· the first layer of capacity expansion technology is to improve the blockchain itself, to make the blockchain itself faster and larger. Generally speaking, it is to change the content of the consensus part of the blockchain
· the purpose of the second layer expansion technology is to move the computing to the lower chain, that is, to solve the problem through the side chain technology
expansion protocol and outcome
expansion protocol generally needs the support of miners, which can be roughly divided into modifying block size, soft fork, hard fork, isolation witness and so on
take bitcoin as an example:
bitcoin is now divided into big block bitcoin cash (BCH) and isolation witness. Isolated witness is now recognized as bitcoin in the market, while big block coin is named bitcash. It can be predicted that in the future, bitcoin will focus on off chain trading. Including lightning network and side chain. These two new things are not mature at present, but they are highly expected by many people
bitcoin will develop a large number of isolated witness transactions and make more derivative technologies on the basis of isolated witness. Most likely, bitcoin will be pushed forward by technology
bitcash will focus on the development of monetary function, rece transaction friction as the main way, and gain more extensive users on the chain as the main development direction
the Xueshuo innovation blockchain Technology Workstation of Lianqiao ecation online is the only approved "blockchain Technology Specialty" pilot workstation of "smart learning workshop 2020 Xueshuo innovation workstation" launched by the school planning, construction and development center of the Ministry of ecation of China. Based on providing diversified growth paths for students, the professional station promotes the reform of the training mode of the combination of professional degree research, proction, learning and research, and constructs the applied and compound talent training system.