Us hurricane blockchain

1. Wind attacks are mainly concentrated in Florida, Oklahoma, Texas, Kansas, Colorado and Nebraska

2. After New Orleans was attacked by "Katrina", it once became a water city without legal protection. Looting and other crimes occurred from time to time. The government has been accused of slow response to natural disasters and racial discrimination. The White House began a series of public relations action fields, which were used by American media; Katrina gate & quot; The Bush administration is faced with the crisis that is considered to be the crisis since the 1970s; Watergate Incident & quot; A regional natural disaster has graally evolved into a complex crisis including economic stability, social security and government credibility. The Bush administration and relevant officials have been criticized for both the bureaucratism of rescue work and the social problems exposed by the hurricane, Let's take a look at a dazzling public relations show jointly staged by US President Bush and his huge public relations team behind the scenes.
1, The first strategy of crisis public relations is denial. The Bush administration has adopted the denial strategy.
denial can be divided into simple denial and diversion. The advantage of diversion is that it can portray indivials or organizations as victims of unfair environment, so as to arouse people's direct criticism of scapegoats; Katrina & quot; Public opinion surveys show that Bush's approval rating has dropped to the lowest level since he became president in recent surveys. The Bush administration announced on the 9th that it would recall Michael Brown, director of the federal emergency measures agency, in an attempt to divert attention, But what led to Brown's recall was not the poor rescue, slow action and chaotic command, but the American media's response to brown; Professional standard & quot; Time pointed out that brown, as the director of the federal emergency measures agency, had no professional emergency training at all; Assistant director of emergency facilities;, However, the verification of time shows that what he did was & quot; Assistant to the supervisor Edmund city government spokesman told time; Assistant is more like the concept of intern< The second strategy is to evade responsibility. This is the most complex strategy. There are four tactical differences in this strategy: (1) Impossibility: in a crisis state, the crisis is not caused by the organization's own reasons because of asymmetric information. (2) stimulation: behavior occurs from the beginning of harmful factors, so that the organization can avoid responsibility, This kind of behavior is naturally defensive. (3) contingency: when crisis happens, it is often ignored, and there is always the possibility of easing hostile behavior. (4) good intention: bad events happen, but it always indicates good and sincere intention to solve, The U.S. government is using the first tactic.
U.S. Secretary General of Homeland Security Michael shetov is explaining publicly why the federal government is responding to & quot; Katrina & quot; When the response to the hurricane crisis was not timely enough, he said: the storm was unpredictable, and the government did not expect that the levees that held fast to New Orleans would collapse in a large area. Although the media and the public are still reluctant, there is no doubt that the fluke mentality of the U.S. officials and the public is one of the reasons for the heavy losses after the disaster, Recing hostility
Bennett's third strategy is to rece hostility. He proposes six tactics to rece the organization's responsibility and protect its reputation and image. These six tactics are: assistance, minimization, differentiation, detachment, counterattack and compensation. Assistance refers to the rescue measures taken to compensate the victims for their losses. Minimization includes recing or understating wrong behaviors, In order to minimize the negative impact, distinction refers to the distinction between human error and deep-seated contradictions in the social environment. Detachment refers to people's depiction of a bright future or new development opportunities, not limited to crisis events. Counterattack is to defend and distract public attention. Compensation includes direct assistance to the victims to alleviate their suffering, This strategy is to rece the scope and extent of the spread of misbehavior in all aspects.
officials in the southern state of Louisiana announced on the 15th that the state was e to & quot; Katrina & quot; The death toll from the hurricane has risen to 792; Katrina & quot; The citizens of the hurricane stricken state of Louisiana promised that the federal government would bear most of the losses caused by the hurricane, and appeased them by saying: & quot; On the way forward, you will not be alone; According to another report, US President Bush signed a $6.1 billion emergency tax cut bill on September 23 to help the victims of Hurricane Katrina tide over the difficulties. The $6.1 billion emergency tax cut bill gives tax breaks to residents who provide shelter for the victims and allows them to withdraw money from their bank retirement accounts in advance, The act also guarantees that the families affected by the disaster will not lose tax benefits such as child tax rebate e to unemployment. The government's various aid and promises not only pacify the people, but also relieve some worries for them, which also eliminates people's resentment and hostility to a certain extent, The fourth strategy is to make up for what is lost.
this strategy is to rece the occurrence of similar events in the future by enacting relevant laws and regulations. The difference between this method of making up for what is lost and the compensation mentioned above is that it is for the future, while the compensation is for the current losses, Bush appointed David paulison, the fire chief of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, as the acting director, to replace brown, who resigned. Bush said that the Department of homeland security will soon review and review the disaster prevention and relief plans of all major cities in the United States. This partly reflects the public's doubts about the restructuring and transformation of the U.S. institutions to effectively deal with the threat of terrorist attacks, Self blame
the fifth strategy is self blame. This strategy includes apology, confession and seeking public forgiveness. Bennett believes that other strategies must depend on each other, and this strategy can work alone.
in the face of continuous sharp criticism and the lowest support rate since taking office, Bush has admitted on the 13th that he should deal with it for the federal government; Katrina & quot; According to the national inquirer on September 23, the government's responsibility for & quot; Katrina & quot; Bush is worried about this and is under great pressure. In order to ease his depression, Bush, who has been sober for nearly 20 years, has begun to drink again; To drink away one's worries;, The National Enquirer shows readers a president who is under great pressure and deeply blames himself. He portrays the president as a kind and vexed ordinary husband. For an ordinary man who has already blamed himself and vexed himself, though he has made mistakes, why should we go too far; Demanding & quot; In a sense, the U.S. government's efforts in crisis public relations are not only to organize and guide the public through the current crisis, but also to make itself through the crisis of being in power, or to turn the crisis into a turning point and reshape a responsible and powerful government image. Therefore, the government's crisis public relations is more decisive than ordinary public relations, It can turn the danger into safety; If you fail, you can & quot; A move to death Therefore, as the main body of government crisis public relations, government organizations should pay more attention to crisis public relations; Katrina & quot; The public relations crisis of the U.S. government caused by the hurricane, we can see that although the U.S. government missed the most easy period of crisis management - the latent period of crisis, and its performance was not satisfactory in the emergency period of crisis, its performance was very high in the period of crisis spread; Rita & quot; Landing on the coast of the United States again, which is testing the government's position in the United States for the American people; Katrina & quot; The words and deeds after the hurricane provide an excellent opportunity for the US government to reshape the image of a responsible government concerned about people's livelihood. Therefore, this time, people see a more positive and frequent Bush administration

4.

Hurricanes, which are generated in the Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the eastern North Pacific, are called "hurricanes". The United States happens to connect with the North Pacific and the North Atlantic, so "hurricanes" are often used

both hurricanes and typhoons are tropical cyclones with a wind speed of more than 33 m / s. They have different names only because of different regions. Strong tropical cyclones generated in the Northwest Pacific and South China Sea are called typhoons

the "hurricane" is generated in the Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the eastern North Pacific; The cyclone is formed in the Indian Ocean, the Arabian Sea and the bay of Bengal. Hurricanes can release amazing energy in a day. Hurricanes and tornadoes cannot be confused. The time of the latter is very short, belonging to the instantaneous outbreak, and the longest is not more than a few hours. The former is at sea

extended data

the causes of typhoon and hurricane are the same. Typhoons and hurricanes originate in the tropical sea, where the temperature is high, a lot of water is evaporated into the air, forming a low pressure center. With the change of air pressure and the movement of the earth itself, the inflow of air also rotates, forming a counter clockwise air vortex, which is the tropical cyclone. As long as the temperature does not drop, the tropical cyclone will become more and more powerful, and eventually form typhoons and hurricanes

in the northern hemisphere, typhoons rotate counterclockwise, while in the southern hemisphere, they rotate clockwise. It is generally accompanied by strong wind and rainstorm, which seriously threatens people's lives and property, and has a great impact on people's livelihood, agriculture and economy. It is a natural disaster with great impact and serious harm

5. Tornado is a kind of strong wind vortex with high-speed rotating funnel-shaped cloud column, which is proced by two strong convective movements of air in extremely unstable weather
tornadoes have a peculiar appearance. The upper part is a black or thick gray cumulonimbus cloud, and the lower part is a funnel-shaped cloud pillar like an elephant trunk. The wind speed is generally 50 meters to 100 meters per second, sometimes up to 300 meters per second. Due to the extremely thin air inside the tornado, the temperature drops sharply and the water vapor condenses rapidly, which is also an important reason for the formation of funnel cloud column
a tornado is a strong cyclone proced by funnel-shaped clouds (tornadoes) extending from the thunderstorm cloud base to the ground. Its wind force can reach level 12 or above, with a maximum of more than 100 meters per second. It is usually accompanied by thunderstorms and sometimes hail
the air rotates rapidly around the axis of the tornado, and is attracted by the extremely reced air pressure in the center of the tornado. In a thin layer of air tens of meters thick near the ground, the air flow is sucked into the bottom of the vortex from all directions, and then becomes an upward vortex around the axis. The wind in tornado is always cyclonic. The air pressure in the center of tornado can be 10% lower than the surrounding air pressure. Generally, it can be as low as 400hpa and as low as 200hPa. Tornadoes have a great sucking effect, which can suck the water from the sea (Lake) to form a water column, and then connect with the cloud, commonly known as "dragon water"<

formation:
tornado, a natural phenomenon, is the proct of thunderstorms in clouds. Specifically, tornado is a form of concentrated release of a small part of the huge energy of Thunderstorm in a small area. The formation of tornadoes can be divided into four stages:
(1) the instability of the atmosphere proces strong updraft, which is further strengthened e to the influence of the largest cross flow in the jet stream
(2) e to the interaction with the wind with shear in both velocity and direction in the vertical direction, the updraft begins to rotate in the middle of the troposphere, forming a mesoscale cyclone
(3) with the development and upward extension of mesoscale cyclone, it becomes thinner and stronger. At the same time, a small area of enhanced complementary, that is, the primary tornado formed in the cyclone, and formed the tornado core in the same process
(4) the rotation in the core of tornado is different from that in cyclone, which is strong enough to make the tornado extend to the ground. When the developing vortex reaches the ground height, the surface air pressure drops sharply and the surface wind speed rises sharply, forming a tornado. Tornadoes often occur in thunderstorm weather in summer, especially from afternoon to evening. The attack range is small, and the diameter of tornadoes is generally between ten meters and hundreds of meters. The survival time of tornadoes is usually only a few minutes, and the longest is not more than a few hours. The wind is particularly strong, and the wind speed near the center can reach 100-200 M / s. The destructive power is very strong. Where tornadoes pass, they often pull up big trees, overturn vehicles, destroy buildings and so on. Sometimes they suck people away, causing serious harm

Why do tornadoes frequently attack the United States

first of all, it is determined by the geographical location of the United States. The United States, known as the "hometown of tornadoes", faces the Atlantic Ocean in the East, the Pacific Ocean in the West and the Gulf of Mexico in the south. A large amount of water vapor flows to the mainland from the East, West and south. More water vapor can easily lead to thunderstorms

in addition, the United States is mainly in the middle latitudes, and is often controlled by the subtropical high in spring and summer. As a result, warm and humid air from the Atlantic, Pacific and Gulf of Mexico will continue to flow to the continental United States, and thunderstorm clouds will accumulate more and more. Thunderstorm cloud is one of the conditions for tornadoes, which is why tornadoes often occur in spring in the United States

according to the data of the National Center for Storm Prediction of the United States, tornadoes usually occur from April to June every year. Since June, a large amount of warm and humid air has moved northward to Kansas, Nebraska and Iowa, and to Canada in July. Since then, the number of tornadoes in the United States has been greatly reced. For example, Hurricane Katrina in August 2005 was not a tornado

so, what causes tornadoes to attack repeatedly in every storm? According to Harold brooks of NSSL in Oklahoma, there may have been more than 600 tornadoes ring April. The number is the largest since 1950

the explanation of the new scientist is that in terms of the formation of tornadoes, the cold air must be above the warm and humid air, and the wind should move in different directions at different heights to create shear force“ These actions converge to form a strong current, especially when they cross the Rocky Mountains from the West or southwest

that's what happened in April. The strong wind sank across the southwest of the United States and turned to the south, eventually sending a series of storms to several southern states for several weeks. According to Brooks, this has happened two or three times in 100 years

in response to some news that the number of tornadoes has been increasing in the past few decades, Brooks said, this is not confirmed“ Because the earlier data are unreliable, we can't make an accurate judgment. "

Brooks also said that with global warming, there will be many favorable conditions for tornadoes, but there are other factors that may rece the probability of tornadoes“ How to offset each other is still a matter of uncertainty. " Brooks said.

6. Hurricane Katrina was a category 3 hurricane when it made landfall at the mouth of the Mississippi River on August 29, 2005. The storm surge caused catastrophic damage in Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama. The levee that separates Pontchartrain lake from New Orleans, Louisiana, has been breached by storm surges, flooding 80% of the city. Strong winds and inland areas hindered rescue efforts. It is estimated that Hurricane Katrina caused at least $75 billion in economic losses, making it the most destructive hurricane in the history of the United States. It's also the deadliest U.S. hurricane since 1928, with at least 1836 people killed
affected by Hurricane Katrina, more than one third of the oil fields near the Gulf of Mexico were forced to close, and seven refineries and an important U.S. crude oil export facility also had to be suspended. Crude oil prices on the New York Mercantile Exchange surged $4.67 a barrel to $70.8 at the beginning of trading on August 29. In Atlanta, gas stations cost as much as $5 a gallon. On August 31, Bush agreed to use strategic oil reserves to help severely damaged crude oil processing plants resume proction. International Energy announced on September 2 that all 26 member states agreed to put 2 million barrels of strategic reserves of crude oil on the market every day for 30 days to help solve the market tension caused by Hurricane Katrina. New York market crude oil futures prices fell sharply on the same day.

7. The United States is well-developed, and there are many kinds of artificial facilities, so once the wind of the same size blows, the United States will lose a lot. In poor countries like Bangladesh, there is nothing to be destroyed by hurricanes, so the losses are relatively small. The area affected by the hurricane in the United States is the plain area with flat terrain, which is concive to the exertion of the destructive power of the hurricane, which also increases the influence of the hurricane.

8. According to a study recently published by American scientists, although the total number of hurricanes in the United States has declined slightly since the 1990s, the number of strong hurricanes, especially category 4 and 5 hurricanes, has been increasing in recent decades<

the researchers stressed that although this phenomenon occurs simultaneously with the surface temperature rise of the waters in the areas with frequent hurricanes in the United States, the relationship between the increase of hurricane intensity and climate warming is still a mystery<

Professor Peter Webster of Georgia Institute of technology and other researchers analyzed the number, ration and intensity of hurricanes in the United States from 1970 to 2004. They found that in the 1970s, there were an average of 10 category 4 and 5 hurricanes per year in the United States, but by the 1990s, the number had almost doubled to 18. As the total number of hurricanes did not increase ring the same period, the proportion of category 4 and category 5 hurricanes in all hurricanes also increased from 20% to 35%.

9. Because the land in the United States belongs to the P people, their homes are built as they like, and there is no real estate speculation. Therefore, more than 95% of the houses in the United States are made of wood, which means that hurricanes can basically destroy cities, and the threat of hurricanes to the United States is more terrible than earthquakes. Of course, Guo Jia, who is full of real estate on the other side of the earth, will not be afraid of such a cyclone, but even if P people will die, they will not bother to ask people to evacuate

10. Because the areas that the hurricane passes through are mostly the coastal areas of the United States, which are highly developed areas, the economic losses are naturally more serious.