Solution of computing power concentration in blockchain

1. As a kind of decentralized database, blockchain has the characteristics of openness, distribution and irreversibility. As an electronic data storage platform, blockchain has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency and stability. At present, blockchain has been applied in many fields and has brought many changes to our life. Now many electronic contract platforms, such as Fada This kind of blockchain technology has been applied in the chain of evidence, and the blockchain technology has also been accepted by the court

2. Nodes are the places where the blocks are connected, and the blocks need to be chained to be useful
core analysis:
1. Transparency, 2. Openness, 3. Information can not be tampered with, 4. Decentralization,
5. Detailed analysis
blockchain is a new application mode of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm to establish trust and obtain interests between different nodes in the blockchain system
1. In a narrow sense, blockchain is a kind of chained data structure composed of data blocks connected in sequence according to the time sequence, and it can not be tampered with and forged by cryptography
2. Broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses blockchain data structure to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithm to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access It is a new distributed infrastructure and computing method to program and operate data by using intelligent contract composed of automated script code.

3. Jinwowo analysis believes that blockchain mainly solves the trust and security problems of transactions. Once the information is confirmed and added to the blockchain, it will be permanently stored. Unless more than 51% of the nodes in the system can be controlled at the same time, the modification of data on a single node cannot be realized. Therefore, the data stability and reliability of blockchain are very high
e to the use of Distributed Accounting and storage, there is no centralized hardware or management organization, the rights and obligations of each node are equal, and the data blocks in the system are jointly maintained by the nodes with maintenance function in the whole system.

4. In one sentence, it is decentralization
blockchain is a new application mode of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies
the so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm to establish trust and obtain interests between different nodes in the blockchain system
in a narrow sense, blockchain is a kind of chain data structure that combines data blocks in chronological order in a sequential way, and it can not be tampered with and forged by cryptography
broadly speaking, blockchain technology is a new distributed infrastructure and computing method, which uses blockchain data structure to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithm to generate and update data, uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and uses intelligent contract composed of automated script code to program and operate data< Advantages:
1) the algorithm is simple and easy to implement
2) there is no need to exchange additional information between nodes to reach a consensus
3) it takes a lot of cost to destroy the system< Disadvantages:
1) waste of energy
2) it is difficult to shorten the block confirmation time
3) the new blockchain must find a different hash algorithm, otherwise it will face bitcoin attack
4) it is easy to generate bifurcation and needs to wait for multiple confirmations
5) there is no finality, and checkpoint mechanism is needed to make up for it.

5. The increase of blockchain network information is bound to need expansion, but it is not limited to a BTC public chain. No matter which public chain develops to a certain stage, it needs expansion technical support network. Therefore, it can be said that expansion is a necessary link for the implementation of blockchain scheme
the expansion of blockchain is the general trend, but there are differences in the specific operation. According to the different levels of blockchain architecture, the instry has proposed a number of expansion solutions: first, optimize the data transmission protocol for the underlying data layer of blockchain, do not change the upper structure of blockchain, and improve the scalability, such as bloxroute, the 0-layer expansion scheme of blockchain; The second is to change the data structure and consensus algorithm to improve the scalability of the basic protocol of blockchain, such as DAG (directed acyclic graph), fragmentation, dpos algorithm, etc; Third, aiming at the application level, such as side chain, sub chain, state channel lightning network and so on, part of the on chain transactions are transferred to the off chain execution to rece the on chain processing pressure and improve the overall efficiency.

6. The art instry
ascribe allows artists to declare ownership by using blockchain technology, issue numbered, limited edition works, and target any type of art in digital form. It even includes a trading market where artists can buy and sell through their websites without any intermediary services<

in the legal instry
bitproof is the most advanced of many document timestamp applications emerging in recent years, which will make the traditional notarization method a thing of the past. Bitproof offers more services than free versions including blocksgin and originstaemp, including one for intellectual property. Interestingly, bitproof recently cooperated with an it school in San Francisco to put their students' academic certificates on the blockchain, completely redefining how to handle and use diplomas and student certificates<

development instry
colu is the first enterprise to allow other enterprises to issue digital assets. Many people are impressed that they can "token" all kinds of assets. Although the free bitcoin wallet couperparty also allows simple tokens to be issued and traded among other wallet holders, the tokens of colu can be set with various states and types, can be detached from or returned to the system, and can be stored on BitTorrent's network when the data stored on the blockchain is too large<

the real estate instry
they plan to modernize the whole instry chain process and solve various problems faced by everyone when participating in real estate, including naming process, land registration, agency, etc
viewing blockchain from a financial perspective
the essence of money: money is just a kind of broad value consensus, and it does not have value precipitation
the relationship between assets and currency: currency describes assets
what is digital assets: assets are digital, segmentable and tradable, and the price is determined by the supply and demand market, not by the value intermediary currency<

Internet of things
application scenario analysis [7]
a possible application scenario is: generate corresponding behavior through transaction, assign address to each device, inject a certain fee into the address, and perform relevant actions, so as to achieve the application of Internet of things. Similar to: PM2.5 monitoring point data acquisition, server leasing, webcam data call, DNS server, etc
in addition, with the increasing number of Internet of things devices and the increasing demand for edge computing, a large number of devices need to adopt a distributed self-organization management mode, and the requirement for fault tolerance is very high. The distributed and anti attack characteristics of blockchain can be well used in this scenario
IBM [7]
IBM has continuously invested in the research and development of the Internet of things for decades, and is exploring the use of blockchain technology to rece the cost of Internet of things applications
in early 2015, IBM and Samsung announced their cooperation in developing adept system
logistics supply chain [7]
the supply chain instry often involves many entities, including logistics, capital flow, information flow, etc. there are a lot of complex cooperation and communication between these entities. Under the traditional mode, different entities keep their own supply chain information, which is seriously lack of transparency, resulting in higher time cost and money cost, and it is difficult to trace and deal with problems (false claim, counterfeit goods, etc.)
through the blockchain, all parties can obtain a transparent and reliable unified information platform, which can view the status in real time, rece the logistics cost, and trace the whole process of proction and transportation of goods, so as to improve the efficiency of supply chain management. When disputes arise, the proof and tracing become clearer and easier
this field is considered as a promising application direction of blockchain
for example, the carrier can scan the QR code to prove that the goods arrive at the designated area, and automatically charge the fees agreed in advance. We can refer to how the blockchain changes the supply chain finance and brings transparency to the supply chain
skuchain creates a new supply chain solution based on blockchain to realize the synchronization of commodity flow and capital flow, and alleviate the problem of counterfeit goods
public network service [7]
the normal operation of the existing Internet is inseparable from many nearly free network services, such as domain name service (DNS). Anyone can query the domain name for free. Without DNS, all kinds of websites can't be accessed. Therefore, for the network system, similar basic services must be safe, reliable and low-cost
blockchain technology just has these characteristics. The DNS system based on blockchain will no longer have all kinds of wrong query results, and can provide services stably and reliably

Insurance Instry
in the past two years, the hottest topic in the field of science and technology can not be separated from blockchain technology. This underlying technology, born out of bitcoin, has proved its highly secure and reliable architecture and algorithm design with more than seven years of stable operation. At the same time, with innovative technologies such as distributed ledger and smart contract, it has opened up a huge imagination space for instrial upgrading of many instries. Some instry experts even predict that blockchain technology will set off the second Internet revolution
the financial instry has always been the most sensitive to advanced technology. Traditional banking and securities giants have been investing in blockchain venture capital since 2014. In two years, the total global investment is as high as US $1 billion, and there is no lack of a-round financing such as US $60 million of Dah and US $50 million of blockstream. In addition to capital investment, major companies have personally participated in and promoted specific business applications: for example, the LINQ blockchain equity exchange launched by the Nasdaq Stock Exchange in the United States has started issuing tests at the end of 2015; The R3 CEV alliance formed by 43 multinational banks in the world has been testing and improving the inter-bank clearing alliance chain, with unprecedented speed and participation
although the insurance instry's participation in blockchain technology is relatively conservative, it has been actively exploring and researching in the academic field. At the end of 2014, the 50 page "lifelong chain" special research report launched by the European and American insurance instry forum initiated by the famous Z / yen Group Consulting Group in the UK discussed the innovation and change that blockchain will bring to the insurance instry from many aspects
while studying blockchain technology, I have exchanged with many domestic experts and scholars in the insurance instry, and deeply discussed the specific foothold of blockchain in the insurance business from the perspectives of business process and company management. Now I share with readers some thoughts on credit risk management.

7. computing power is a measure of the total computing power of generating new fast units under certain network consumption. If the computing power of the blockchain is insufficient, it is suggested to take a look at the tenth power computing power platform, which provides computing power leasing services.