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How blockchain reshapes external audit
Publish: 2021-04-27 08:21:54
1. How to promote social governance innovation by blockchain
this is a theoretical inference from the beginning
regarding every part of society as a link
and then taking blockchain as a driving force
such a force will push forward
this is a theoretical inference from the beginning
regarding every part of society as a link
and then taking blockchain as a driving force
such a force will push forward
2. Blockchain is a technical solution to collectively maintain a reliable database through centralization and distrust. This technical solution allows any number of nodes in the participating system to calculate and record all the information exchange data in the system in a period of time to a data block through cryptography algorithm, and generate the fingerprint of the data block for linking the next data block and checking. All participating nodes in the system jointly determine whether the record is true
blockchain can improve the way of data recording in audit. In the current network audit, although there is an early warning mechanism, it still needs auditors to judge and handle the abnormal records manually; Blockchain can automatically process the abnormal records through whether each node verifies and approves the block and the transaction information in it, whether the network node is attacked, and whether the account book of each node is complete, so as to make real-time audit possible. Auditors can directly access and query the effective information on the blockchain, judge whether the processing is reasonable and make corrections. In the blockchain, timestamps are used to record various transactions and operations, which can achieve historical traceability and tracking, and greatly improve the quality and efficiency of audit
blockchain can change the storage mode of audit data. In traditional audit, data are stored in an audit center server, which not only has the problems of high load and slow running speed, but also is vulnerable to attack; The blockchain audit system is a typical distributed storage, each node has the same backup, which can not only save the high cost and maintenance costs of the server, but also ensure the integrity of the data
semi public private chain can be used for audit. Blockchain can be divided into three forms: public chain, semi open private chain and full private chain. Considering the characteristics of audit instry, it is appropriate to adopt semi open private chain mode. For the audited units and enterprises, some trade secret information is not disclosed, but the pre selected nodes within the group decide the generation of the block. External suppliers can participate in the transaction but not the accounting process. Externally, it provides a third-party query node to query through the open API. In this way, it can not only ensure the internal privacy of the enterprise, but also enable the external auditors to implement real-time audit query.
blockchain can improve the way of data recording in audit. In the current network audit, although there is an early warning mechanism, it still needs auditors to judge and handle the abnormal records manually; Blockchain can automatically process the abnormal records through whether each node verifies and approves the block and the transaction information in it, whether the network node is attacked, and whether the account book of each node is complete, so as to make real-time audit possible. Auditors can directly access and query the effective information on the blockchain, judge whether the processing is reasonable and make corrections. In the blockchain, timestamps are used to record various transactions and operations, which can achieve historical traceability and tracking, and greatly improve the quality and efficiency of audit
blockchain can change the storage mode of audit data. In traditional audit, data are stored in an audit center server, which not only has the problems of high load and slow running speed, but also is vulnerable to attack; The blockchain audit system is a typical distributed storage, each node has the same backup, which can not only save the high cost and maintenance costs of the server, but also ensure the integrity of the data
semi public private chain can be used for audit. Blockchain can be divided into three forms: public chain, semi open private chain and full private chain. Considering the characteristics of audit instry, it is appropriate to adopt semi open private chain mode. For the audited units and enterprises, some trade secret information is not disclosed, but the pre selected nodes within the group decide the generation of the block. External suppliers can participate in the transaction but not the accounting process. Externally, it provides a third-party query node to query through the open API. In this way, it can not only ensure the internal privacy of the enterprise, but also enable the external auditors to implement real-time audit query.
3. 1. Blockchain in the field of payment: the cost of reconciliation, clearing and settlement between financial institutions, especially cross-border financial institutions, is high, and many manual processes are involved; The application of blockchain technology can rece the cost of reconciliation and dispute resolution between financial institutions, significantly improve the efficiency of the payment field, and make it easier for financial institutions to handle small cross-border payment business, which is concive to the realization of inclusive financial business
2. In the field of clearing and settlement: different financial institutions have different infrastructure structures and business processes, involving many manual processes, which greatly increases business costs and is prone to errors. The application of blockchain technology, combined with the assets on the chain mentioned in the second point, can complete the point-to-point real-time clearing and settlement, so as to rece the cost of value transfer, shorten the time, improve efficiency, and both sides of the transaction can obtain good privacy protection
3. In the field of asset management, equity, bonds, bills and other assets are entrusted by different intermediaries, which increases the transaction cost of assets and brings the problem of forged vouchers. With the application of blockchain technology, this kind of assets can be digitized into digital assets on the chain. With the characteristics of irreversibility, non tampering and openness of blockchain, the efficiency of asset transaction can be improved and the cost of asset management can be reced
as the characteristics of blockchain are irreversible and tamperable, information security, point-to-point transaction transmission and decentralization make information reliable and traceable; In order to rece intermediate costs and improve efficiency, it is not only used in accounting and auditing, but also can be applied to all walks of life. Now we can see the mode of blockchain cooperation operation from behind the operation of all walks of life. Therefore, blockchain will widely and profoundly change the way of human life, so the whole life service will enter the era of blockchain. In the process of Internet development, blockchain + physical instry, blockchain e-commerce and blockchain community operation can be applied to blockchain technology.
2. In the field of clearing and settlement: different financial institutions have different infrastructure structures and business processes, involving many manual processes, which greatly increases business costs and is prone to errors. The application of blockchain technology, combined with the assets on the chain mentioned in the second point, can complete the point-to-point real-time clearing and settlement, so as to rece the cost of value transfer, shorten the time, improve efficiency, and both sides of the transaction can obtain good privacy protection
3. In the field of asset management, equity, bonds, bills and other assets are entrusted by different intermediaries, which increases the transaction cost of assets and brings the problem of forged vouchers. With the application of blockchain technology, this kind of assets can be digitized into digital assets on the chain. With the characteristics of irreversibility, non tampering and openness of blockchain, the efficiency of asset transaction can be improved and the cost of asset management can be reced
as the characteristics of blockchain are irreversible and tamperable, information security, point-to-point transaction transmission and decentralization make information reliable and traceable; In order to rece intermediate costs and improve efficiency, it is not only used in accounting and auditing, but also can be applied to all walks of life. Now we can see the mode of blockchain cooperation operation from behind the operation of all walks of life. Therefore, blockchain will widely and profoundly change the way of human life, so the whole life service will enter the era of blockchain. In the process of Internet development, blockchain + physical instry, blockchain e-commerce and blockchain community operation can be applied to blockchain technology.
4. The lowest one should have the accounting qualification certificate, then the junior accounting title, that is, assistant accountant (with accounting certificate, you can take the exam), accounting and primary economic law. The third one is the intermediate accounting title, that is, intermediate accountant (graated from junior college with five years of working experience, four years of undergraate working experience, and three years of postgraate with primary accounting title)
5. Instry application of Newton
1) Chain retail: under the corporate organizational structure, capital gains have far exceeded labor gains. With the development of computer and Internet, a new generation of giant retail institutions accelerate the accumulation of wealth to capital. Chain business is the basic business model of human-computer community, and any behavior that has a positive contribution to human-computer community will be encouraged. The application of chain business model in the retail instry is concive to recing transaction costs, protecting consumer privacy and promoting intelligent cooperation
newmall: in the online mall of newmall, because there is no profitable commercial intermediary, the transaction cost of the seller will be greatly reced, and consumers, service providers and other participants can get the incentive of Newton's pass according to the contribution value (newforce)
new digital asset management: as a new digital asset of users, consumption data can be managed through tools such as newpay. Users really own the data, carry out authorization control, pricing and charging, and eliminate the data disclosure without knowledge
targeted advertising: users can set whether to accept marketing, as well as the required information type and price range through newpay and other tools. Advertisers set marketing plans through various marketing smart contract templates built into the system, including target users, incentive mode, settlement method, dynamic price adjustment rules, etc. Advertisers can accurately put in advertisements, make point-to-point settlement with users, and eliminate advertising fraud< br />2 Payment: the current payment cost is high, the efficiency is low, and the flexibility is poor. Through blockchain and other technologies, we can build a new generation of transaction and payment system. Internet of things devices based on newiot technology can access newchain at a very low cost. Smart contracts can be established between devices to realize automatic settlement and payment, meeting the high-frequency requirements in this scenario
Global Payment: through the global distribution of newchain infrastructure and newpay payment tools, cross-border transactions are simple and convenient, and the cost is extremely low
3) supply chain: goods are usually delivered to consumers through logistics, warehousing, customs clearance, sales and many other links. When there is after-sales service, there will be a corresponding reverse process. The current supply chain is basically opaque, and it is difficult for consumers to confirm the origin and circulation information of goods. For some instries, such as food, medicine and luxury goods, this is a big problem. Therefore, a transparent and credible supply chain system for all stakeholders is very important
through the combination of atomic hash, newiot, newchain and other technologies, the supply chain system will be credible, open and transparent, and generate more business innovation
4) self financing: the traditional financial service system has the characteristics of heavy workload, long cycle, high cost and poor flexibility, which is usually difficult to serve small and medium-sized enterprises and indivials. Through digital identity and credit, a new self financing system can be established
enterprise and indivial credit: enterprises and indivials establish a consistent credit system based on newid. Only after authorization, can a third party obtain credit records
Asset Securitization: through the smart contract template, financial organizations can create financial procts without human participation. Through the relevant token tools based on newchain, all kinds of assets can be easily valued or transformed into token on the chain
5) gaming: by combining with blockchain technology, a new game experience can be created: users are both players and rule participants, and virtual game assets are owned by users
automatic transaction of virtual game assets: through the cross chain and Oracle technology provided by newchain, the virtual items in various games can be easily recorded on the blockchain, and the automatic transaction can be realized
game with transparent rules: game developers can easily establish algorithm transparent game logic through newchain related smart contract tools to improve the fairness and transparency of the game
6) agriculture: Currently, there are many problems in agriculture, such as incomplete data and low degree of automation. Block chain combined with Internet of things technology can automatically collect, store and analyze proction data, save the high maintenance cost of centralized management system, rece the later maintenance cost, and help to improve the intelligent and large-scale level of agriculture
traceability of agricultural procts: by introcing the Internet of things equipment compatible with newiot standard into the process of agricultural means circulation, agricultural proction and agricultural procts sales, the safety and efficiency of the whole process of agricultural proction can be improved. Due to the non tampering characteristics of proction data, it can be widely used in scientific research and anti-counterfeiting purposes
intelligent planting: through the Internet of things sensor compatible with newiot standard, it can realize the all-weather monitoring of the planting environment and crop growth. Combined with newai, it can make intelligent decisions on the monitoring results, and build a complete set of intelligent planting system, which can discover risks in time, stabilize proction and increase income
7) public welfare: with its characteristics of decentralization, high transparency and tamper proof information, blockchain technology naturally meets the needs of the public welfare field. Public welfare organizations can store the whole process information from fund-raising, project progress, use of donation and feedback from recipients on newchain for the convenience of donors and the public< Public welfare audit: public welfare activities need public welfare audit to improve efficiency and maintain trust. Through newchain, newid and other technologies and agreements, every donation will be traceable. Public welfare institutions can track the later situation of the relief objects through relevant tools, which helps to enhance the fairness and transparency of public welfare
wildlife protection: using newiot technology, the data of rare wildlife resources can be recorded on newchain, so as to track the location, body index, etc. of each specific animal, providing key information help for migration scientific research tracking, combating poaching and trafficking.
1) Chain retail: under the corporate organizational structure, capital gains have far exceeded labor gains. With the development of computer and Internet, a new generation of giant retail institutions accelerate the accumulation of wealth to capital. Chain business is the basic business model of human-computer community, and any behavior that has a positive contribution to human-computer community will be encouraged. The application of chain business model in the retail instry is concive to recing transaction costs, protecting consumer privacy and promoting intelligent cooperation
newmall: in the online mall of newmall, because there is no profitable commercial intermediary, the transaction cost of the seller will be greatly reced, and consumers, service providers and other participants can get the incentive of Newton's pass according to the contribution value (newforce)
new digital asset management: as a new digital asset of users, consumption data can be managed through tools such as newpay. Users really own the data, carry out authorization control, pricing and charging, and eliminate the data disclosure without knowledge
targeted advertising: users can set whether to accept marketing, as well as the required information type and price range through newpay and other tools. Advertisers set marketing plans through various marketing smart contract templates built into the system, including target users, incentive mode, settlement method, dynamic price adjustment rules, etc. Advertisers can accurately put in advertisements, make point-to-point settlement with users, and eliminate advertising fraud< br />2 Payment: the current payment cost is high, the efficiency is low, and the flexibility is poor. Through blockchain and other technologies, we can build a new generation of transaction and payment system. Internet of things devices based on newiot technology can access newchain at a very low cost. Smart contracts can be established between devices to realize automatic settlement and payment, meeting the high-frequency requirements in this scenario
Global Payment: through the global distribution of newchain infrastructure and newpay payment tools, cross-border transactions are simple and convenient, and the cost is extremely low
3) supply chain: goods are usually delivered to consumers through logistics, warehousing, customs clearance, sales and many other links. When there is after-sales service, there will be a corresponding reverse process. The current supply chain is basically opaque, and it is difficult for consumers to confirm the origin and circulation information of goods. For some instries, such as food, medicine and luxury goods, this is a big problem. Therefore, a transparent and credible supply chain system for all stakeholders is very important
through the combination of atomic hash, newiot, newchain and other technologies, the supply chain system will be credible, open and transparent, and generate more business innovation
4) self financing: the traditional financial service system has the characteristics of heavy workload, long cycle, high cost and poor flexibility, which is usually difficult to serve small and medium-sized enterprises and indivials. Through digital identity and credit, a new self financing system can be established
enterprise and indivial credit: enterprises and indivials establish a consistent credit system based on newid. Only after authorization, can a third party obtain credit records
Asset Securitization: through the smart contract template, financial organizations can create financial procts without human participation. Through the relevant token tools based on newchain, all kinds of assets can be easily valued or transformed into token on the chain
5) gaming: by combining with blockchain technology, a new game experience can be created: users are both players and rule participants, and virtual game assets are owned by users
automatic transaction of virtual game assets: through the cross chain and Oracle technology provided by newchain, the virtual items in various games can be easily recorded on the blockchain, and the automatic transaction can be realized
game with transparent rules: game developers can easily establish algorithm transparent game logic through newchain related smart contract tools to improve the fairness and transparency of the game
6) agriculture: Currently, there are many problems in agriculture, such as incomplete data and low degree of automation. Block chain combined with Internet of things technology can automatically collect, store and analyze proction data, save the high maintenance cost of centralized management system, rece the later maintenance cost, and help to improve the intelligent and large-scale level of agriculture
traceability of agricultural procts: by introcing the Internet of things equipment compatible with newiot standard into the process of agricultural means circulation, agricultural proction and agricultural procts sales, the safety and efficiency of the whole process of agricultural proction can be improved. Due to the non tampering characteristics of proction data, it can be widely used in scientific research and anti-counterfeiting purposes
intelligent planting: through the Internet of things sensor compatible with newiot standard, it can realize the all-weather monitoring of the planting environment and crop growth. Combined with newai, it can make intelligent decisions on the monitoring results, and build a complete set of intelligent planting system, which can discover risks in time, stabilize proction and increase income
7) public welfare: with its characteristics of decentralization, high transparency and tamper proof information, blockchain technology naturally meets the needs of the public welfare field. Public welfare organizations can store the whole process information from fund-raising, project progress, use of donation and feedback from recipients on newchain for the convenience of donors and the public< Public welfare audit: public welfare activities need public welfare audit to improve efficiency and maintain trust. Through newchain, newid and other technologies and agreements, every donation will be traceable. Public welfare institutions can track the later situation of the relief objects through relevant tools, which helps to enhance the fairness and transparency of public welfare
wildlife protection: using newiot technology, the data of rare wildlife resources can be recorded on newchain, so as to track the location, body index, etc. of each specific animal, providing key information help for migration scientific research tracking, combating poaching and trafficking.
6. Recently, the hottest investment is bitcoin. From financial tycoons to ordinary people, they are talking about the surge of bitcoin. Bitcoin is a kind of blockchain. I believe there are still many people who don't know much about blockchain, so today we will explain in detail what blockchain is? How to search blockchain technology patents? What is blockchain? More than 10000 years ago, human beings began to learn to use shells as an intermediary for exchanging materials, and later developed into currency. With the development of network, the circulation of digital currency has graally replaced the traditional currency, and now people's payment methods have undergone unprecedented changes. The emergence of encrypted electronic currencies such as bitcoin, Ethereum and litecoin has further prompted the whole financial system to face up to and start thinking about transformation. However, there is an important technical support behind the development of encrypted e-money which is not affected by the traditional financial system;; Block chain. Blockchain is a new application mode of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm to establish trust and obtain interests between different nodes in the blockchain system. How to search blockchain technology patents Blockchain Revolution & sup1; A book has mentioned that blockchain is a public database, which records all transaction information and can effectively prevent tampering; It is a distributed system, which does not store on a specific server or node, but scattered in countless nodes on the network, each node only retains part of the information; It is a kind of consensus agreement, which follows a mechanism together. As the underlying technology behind cryptocurrency, including identity authentication, medical record preservation, market forecasting, asset trading, etc., blockchain is graally applied. To observe the patent applications related to global blockchain technology, the author suggests that you should refer to the definitions of block chain, distributed ledger and smart contract to expand your search conditions, rather than only limited to the patents using the word block chain. What is blockchain? How to search blockchain technology patents? If you have more questions about patent inquiry, you can continue to pay attention to Bajie intellectual property or contact us by telephone.
7. Blockchain is one of the most challenging innovations in the field of fintech, because blockchain fundamentally subverts the inherent logic, operation mode and business scope of traditional finance, breaks through the limitations of numerous conventional rules and regulations, and steps into a series of new application fields that cannot be involved before
as a disruptive technology, blockchain will reconstruct the key infrastructure of Internet Finance and even the whole financial instry, and its value in the financial field is waiting for people to discover. Specific applications are as follows:
first, the application of banking instry
wallet and payment are the first fields of blockchain technology, but this is also the traditional business scope of banking instry. What changes can blockchain technology bring
cross border payment application case:
circle, founded in October 2013, aims to make bitcoin "simple and easy to operate, similar to Gmail (Google Mail), Skype (Microsoft's Internet phone) and other customer service tools", and quickly obtain a large amount of financing. In mid-2014, it obtained an investment of US $27 million, becoming one of the most well funded companies in the field of digital cryptocurrency
in 2015, Goldman Sachs and IDG Capital Partners led the investment and raised $50 million for circle. In June 2016, circle won US $60 million of investment led by Chinese investors, and announced that it has established an independent company circle China in China and set up a local team to reach strategic cooperation with network and Everbright
circle can provide instant and free fund transfer worldwide by using bitcoin blockchain transaction. Circle hopes to use bitcoin as a free internet payment network, so that the legal tender of each country can flow smoothly around the world without hindrance. By working with overseas companies such as IDG, circle can provide financial services to users of national legal tender
although the regulatory structure of payment systems in various countries is complex, the cooperation between these countries has made progress. In April 2016, circle obtained the first e-money license issued by the financial conct authority (FCA), which aroused widespread concern in the instry. Later, circle announced that it had established a partnership with the Bank of Barclays to enter the UK market. Since then, British consumers can enjoy services such as fast transfer payment and buying and selling bitcoin, just like American consumers
in order to make it easier for users to use, circle cooperates with apple. In IOS 10 system, Apple's IMessage supports users to use circle's bitcoin payment system. Jeremy Allaire, chief executive officer of circle, said:
"if IMessage allows access to payment service, consumers will benefit from it. It is difficult to install an app alone for payment, and the transfer payment behavior between friends has to go through a complicated setting process, but it is much simpler to directly access to IMessage service."
on September 13, 2016, circle announced that users can pay anyone in the world through IMessage
advantages of blockchain in cross-border payment: low cost, real-time transaction and high security
intelligent bill application case:
the bill of complex us blockchain bill project and blockchain technology can be well combined. After adopting the decentralized distributed ledger of blockchain, the existing system storage and transmission structure has been changed, a more secure operation mode has been established, and the problem of forged bills has been solved
the time stamp reflects the whole process of bill from its birth to its demise, which has the characteristics of traceable history, so that this mode has a new continuous endorsement mechanism, and truly reflects the transfer process of bill rights
the domestic Hangzhou complex us blockchain Research Center has also initially developed an open source project of blockchain lending bill exchange based on Ethereum, which integrates the concept of using blockchain technology in many subdivided fields such as finance, catering, enterprise management, express tracking, etc. The open source project of complex us blockchain online lending bill exchange is shown in the figure. The online lending exchange applying blockchain technology can complete 150000 transactions per second without handling charge
the bill business based on blockchain has four advantages:
from the perspective of moral hazard, the phenomenon of "selling more than one ticket" in paper tickets and the phenomenon of asynchronous payment and endorsement in e-bills occur from time to time. However, e to the characteristics of time stamp that can not be tampered with and the whole network is open, there will be no default once the paper tickets or e-tickets are traded
from the perspective of operational risk, as the e-bill system is centralized, once the central server fails, it will have disastrous consequences for the whole market. At the same time, the access of enterprise online banking will transfer the risk to the bank's own network security, and the whole risk chain will be longer and longer. With the help of the distributed high error tolerance and asymmetric encryption algorithm in the blockchain, the risk of human operation will be almost zero
from the perspective of credit risk, with the help of blockchain data, we can collect and evaluate the credit of all participants, and control them in real time
from the perspective of market risk, a large number of asset mismatches in the intermediary market not only lead to their own losses, but also bind the interests of banks. With the programmability of blockchain, it can not only effectively control the balance between the asset side and the liability side of participants, but also promote the authenticity of the reaction of the transaction price of the whole market to the capital demand with the help of the characteristics of data transparency, And then form a more real price index, which is concive to control market risk
bank settlement - Application Case: visa
bank settlement refers to the collection and payment behavior realized through the fund transfer of bank account, that is, the bank accepts the client's entrustment to collect and pay on behalf of the client, transfers the money from the deposit account of the payer to the deposit account of the payee, so as to complete the settlement of creditor's rights and liabilities or the allocation of funds between the clients. In this process, the bank is not only the medium of commodity exchange, but also the intermediary of clearing funds in social and economic activities
unlike domestic banks, which mainly rely on the difference between deposit and loan, half of the profits of multinational banks come from the intermediate settlement business. For them, if they open up new business areas and reasonably rece the settlement cost, it is directly related to their fundamental interests
visa is the largest credit card company in the world. There is no doubt that the rise of digital cryptocurrency will inevitably impact its credit card payment business. However, visa does not always conflict with e-money and blockchain, but takes an open attitude
in October 2015, visa and DocuSign jointly launched a "proof of concept" project, which uses bitcoin blockchain to record and keep car rental data. The project combines DocuSign's digital transaction management (DTM) platform and electronic signature solution with visa's secure payment technology. Consumers can configure rental, insurance and other daily purchase items in the car, such as parking fees and tolls, and users can pay directly with visa card
peripheral applications do not satisfy visa. In the same year, visa cooperated with coinbase to launch the first bitcoin debit card that can be used in the United States. On November 30, at the unbound conference held in London, visa European innovation laboratory showed another "proof of concept" remittance application, through which people can remit money on the bitcoin blockchain
in September 2016, visa launched interbit, an interbank settlement and payment system based on blockchain technology, in cooperation with BTL group, a digital payment start-up company, to assess whether blockchain technology can rece the cost, settlement time and credit risk of interbank international transfer
a series of major actions in the past two years show that visa has begun to realize the value of blockchain technology and is making efforts to make blockchain technology a powerful tool to expand its sphere of influence
advantages of blockchain in bank settlement: security, convenience and intelligence
in addition to using blockchain technology to transform the existing businesses, banks around the world have launched their own cryptocurrency plans to rece their operating costs
the advantage of blockchain in bank digital cryptocurrency: cost rection< Second, securities investment market application
Securities Trading - Application Case: LINQ
securities trading market is an important application field of blockchain. The application of blockchain technology can not only speed up the speed of clearing and settlement, but also rece the number of books that financial institutions need to maintain to ensure more accurate audit tracking
NASDAQ is the first person to eat crabs in the stock market. In the second half of 2015, it launched the trading platform LINQ, which is based on bitcoin trading technology and is used for trading companies in the primary market. As shown in the figure below, LINQ has the ability to record the equity transactions of enterprises before IPO, track the equity transactions of enterprises, information of shareholders and investors, etc., which is of great value to the asset analysis of private equity market
Fredrik Voss, head of NASDAQ blockchain strategy, is convinced that the high efficiency provided by blockchain technology will greatly enhance LINQ's advantages as a private equity trading platform. So far, no technology can really keep people away from paper work, and blockchain technology will make it a big step forward. Compared with manual processing, it will greatly rece the possibility of errors
advantages of blockchain in Securities Trading: speed up settlement, simplify accounts, and facilitate follow-up audit
equity crowdfunding - Application Case: ant
all along, capital is a gap in front of creative ideas and entrepreneurship, and it is this gap that spawned the world's first crowdfunding platform KickStarter. The operation mode of KickStarter is a typical business model of the platform. On the one hand, the users of the platform are those who are eager to create and create, on the other hand, those who have part of the funds and are willing to provide financial support for new ideas. The common wish of both sides is that the new ideas can be realized and can be promoted continuously
the crowdfunding platform based on blockchain technology can raise funds by creating its own digital cryptocurrency or digital assets, and distribute its own "digital equity" to early supporters, which is the certificate for investors to obtain shares in support of start-ups
blockchain crowdfunding platform usually consists of three layers:
the bottom layer is blockchain network, which constructs a decentralized distributed platform
the middle layer is the combination of business logic and blockchain to jointly establish account center, equity registration, equity voucher, equity trading, equity management and other functions
the top tier provides services for customers of various crowdfunding platforms
in China, Xiaoyi is the first company to use blockchain technology to register its equity. Although this is an innovation, it is not easy to achieve the legal compliance and docking with the real world in the underlying logic and various details. After in-depth study and analysis of the current legal environment in China, termite has the potential to become a practical blockchain application
termite is a blockchain protocol based on blockchain technology, which registers, issues, manages and trades various equity shares through point-to-point network. At the beginning, it will be
as a disruptive technology, blockchain will reconstruct the key infrastructure of Internet Finance and even the whole financial instry, and its value in the financial field is waiting for people to discover. Specific applications are as follows:
first, the application of banking instry
wallet and payment are the first fields of blockchain technology, but this is also the traditional business scope of banking instry. What changes can blockchain technology bring
cross border payment application case:
circle, founded in October 2013, aims to make bitcoin "simple and easy to operate, similar to Gmail (Google Mail), Skype (Microsoft's Internet phone) and other customer service tools", and quickly obtain a large amount of financing. In mid-2014, it obtained an investment of US $27 million, becoming one of the most well funded companies in the field of digital cryptocurrency
in 2015, Goldman Sachs and IDG Capital Partners led the investment and raised $50 million for circle. In June 2016, circle won US $60 million of investment led by Chinese investors, and announced that it has established an independent company circle China in China and set up a local team to reach strategic cooperation with network and Everbright
circle can provide instant and free fund transfer worldwide by using bitcoin blockchain transaction. Circle hopes to use bitcoin as a free internet payment network, so that the legal tender of each country can flow smoothly around the world without hindrance. By working with overseas companies such as IDG, circle can provide financial services to users of national legal tender
although the regulatory structure of payment systems in various countries is complex, the cooperation between these countries has made progress. In April 2016, circle obtained the first e-money license issued by the financial conct authority (FCA), which aroused widespread concern in the instry. Later, circle announced that it had established a partnership with the Bank of Barclays to enter the UK market. Since then, British consumers can enjoy services such as fast transfer payment and buying and selling bitcoin, just like American consumers
in order to make it easier for users to use, circle cooperates with apple. In IOS 10 system, Apple's IMessage supports users to use circle's bitcoin payment system. Jeremy Allaire, chief executive officer of circle, said:
"if IMessage allows access to payment service, consumers will benefit from it. It is difficult to install an app alone for payment, and the transfer payment behavior between friends has to go through a complicated setting process, but it is much simpler to directly access to IMessage service."
on September 13, 2016, circle announced that users can pay anyone in the world through IMessage
advantages of blockchain in cross-border payment: low cost, real-time transaction and high security
intelligent bill application case:
the bill of complex us blockchain bill project and blockchain technology can be well combined. After adopting the decentralized distributed ledger of blockchain, the existing system storage and transmission structure has been changed, a more secure operation mode has been established, and the problem of forged bills has been solved
the time stamp reflects the whole process of bill from its birth to its demise, which has the characteristics of traceable history, so that this mode has a new continuous endorsement mechanism, and truly reflects the transfer process of bill rights
the domestic Hangzhou complex us blockchain Research Center has also initially developed an open source project of blockchain lending bill exchange based on Ethereum, which integrates the concept of using blockchain technology in many subdivided fields such as finance, catering, enterprise management, express tracking, etc. The open source project of complex us blockchain online lending bill exchange is shown in the figure. The online lending exchange applying blockchain technology can complete 150000 transactions per second without handling charge
the bill business based on blockchain has four advantages:
from the perspective of moral hazard, the phenomenon of "selling more than one ticket" in paper tickets and the phenomenon of asynchronous payment and endorsement in e-bills occur from time to time. However, e to the characteristics of time stamp that can not be tampered with and the whole network is open, there will be no default once the paper tickets or e-tickets are traded
from the perspective of operational risk, as the e-bill system is centralized, once the central server fails, it will have disastrous consequences for the whole market. At the same time, the access of enterprise online banking will transfer the risk to the bank's own network security, and the whole risk chain will be longer and longer. With the help of the distributed high error tolerance and asymmetric encryption algorithm in the blockchain, the risk of human operation will be almost zero
from the perspective of credit risk, with the help of blockchain data, we can collect and evaluate the credit of all participants, and control them in real time
from the perspective of market risk, a large number of asset mismatches in the intermediary market not only lead to their own losses, but also bind the interests of banks. With the programmability of blockchain, it can not only effectively control the balance between the asset side and the liability side of participants, but also promote the authenticity of the reaction of the transaction price of the whole market to the capital demand with the help of the characteristics of data transparency, And then form a more real price index, which is concive to control market risk
bank settlement - Application Case: visa
bank settlement refers to the collection and payment behavior realized through the fund transfer of bank account, that is, the bank accepts the client's entrustment to collect and pay on behalf of the client, transfers the money from the deposit account of the payer to the deposit account of the payee, so as to complete the settlement of creditor's rights and liabilities or the allocation of funds between the clients. In this process, the bank is not only the medium of commodity exchange, but also the intermediary of clearing funds in social and economic activities
unlike domestic banks, which mainly rely on the difference between deposit and loan, half of the profits of multinational banks come from the intermediate settlement business. For them, if they open up new business areas and reasonably rece the settlement cost, it is directly related to their fundamental interests
visa is the largest credit card company in the world. There is no doubt that the rise of digital cryptocurrency will inevitably impact its credit card payment business. However, visa does not always conflict with e-money and blockchain, but takes an open attitude
in October 2015, visa and DocuSign jointly launched a "proof of concept" project, which uses bitcoin blockchain to record and keep car rental data. The project combines DocuSign's digital transaction management (DTM) platform and electronic signature solution with visa's secure payment technology. Consumers can configure rental, insurance and other daily purchase items in the car, such as parking fees and tolls, and users can pay directly with visa card
peripheral applications do not satisfy visa. In the same year, visa cooperated with coinbase to launch the first bitcoin debit card that can be used in the United States. On November 30, at the unbound conference held in London, visa European innovation laboratory showed another "proof of concept" remittance application, through which people can remit money on the bitcoin blockchain
in September 2016, visa launched interbit, an interbank settlement and payment system based on blockchain technology, in cooperation with BTL group, a digital payment start-up company, to assess whether blockchain technology can rece the cost, settlement time and credit risk of interbank international transfer
a series of major actions in the past two years show that visa has begun to realize the value of blockchain technology and is making efforts to make blockchain technology a powerful tool to expand its sphere of influence
advantages of blockchain in bank settlement: security, convenience and intelligence
in addition to using blockchain technology to transform the existing businesses, banks around the world have launched their own cryptocurrency plans to rece their operating costs
the advantage of blockchain in bank digital cryptocurrency: cost rection< Second, securities investment market application
Securities Trading - Application Case: LINQ
securities trading market is an important application field of blockchain. The application of blockchain technology can not only speed up the speed of clearing and settlement, but also rece the number of books that financial institutions need to maintain to ensure more accurate audit tracking
NASDAQ is the first person to eat crabs in the stock market. In the second half of 2015, it launched the trading platform LINQ, which is based on bitcoin trading technology and is used for trading companies in the primary market. As shown in the figure below, LINQ has the ability to record the equity transactions of enterprises before IPO, track the equity transactions of enterprises, information of shareholders and investors, etc., which is of great value to the asset analysis of private equity market
Fredrik Voss, head of NASDAQ blockchain strategy, is convinced that the high efficiency provided by blockchain technology will greatly enhance LINQ's advantages as a private equity trading platform. So far, no technology can really keep people away from paper work, and blockchain technology will make it a big step forward. Compared with manual processing, it will greatly rece the possibility of errors
advantages of blockchain in Securities Trading: speed up settlement, simplify accounts, and facilitate follow-up audit
equity crowdfunding - Application Case: ant
all along, capital is a gap in front of creative ideas and entrepreneurship, and it is this gap that spawned the world's first crowdfunding platform KickStarter. The operation mode of KickStarter is a typical business model of the platform. On the one hand, the users of the platform are those who are eager to create and create, on the other hand, those who have part of the funds and are willing to provide financial support for new ideas. The common wish of both sides is that the new ideas can be realized and can be promoted continuously
the crowdfunding platform based on blockchain technology can raise funds by creating its own digital cryptocurrency or digital assets, and distribute its own "digital equity" to early supporters, which is the certificate for investors to obtain shares in support of start-ups
blockchain crowdfunding platform usually consists of three layers:
the bottom layer is blockchain network, which constructs a decentralized distributed platform
the middle layer is the combination of business logic and blockchain to jointly establish account center, equity registration, equity voucher, equity trading, equity management and other functions
the top tier provides services for customers of various crowdfunding platforms
in China, Xiaoyi is the first company to use blockchain technology to register its equity. Although this is an innovation, it is not easy to achieve the legal compliance and docking with the real world in the underlying logic and various details. After in-depth study and analysis of the current legal environment in China, termite has the potential to become a practical blockchain application
termite is a blockchain protocol based on blockchain technology, which registers, issues, manages and trades various equity shares through point-to-point network. At the beginning, it will be
8. In the current short video platform, the most common infringement is certainly plagiarism, and the certificate keeping technology of blockchain can bring solutions for the intellectual property protection of short video. Blockchain can be applied to all walks of life. The blockchain service platform project initiated by Changsha high tech Zone, which has a SMIC blockchain service platform project, is the blockchain + public service mode, and is recruiting enterprises to join the chain. In the future, relevant enterprise affairs and government affairs can cooperate on the chain. It mainly has the background of state-owned assets.
9. Blockchain + supply chain finance helps enterprises return to work and proction. In the supply chain financial ecosystem, banks, as the capital side, are the key to the smooth flow of cash in the instrial chain. Blockchain application is very hot now. There is a SMIC blockchain service platform project initiated by Changsha high tech Zone, which is blockchain + public service mode, and is soliciting enterprises to join the chain.
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