Brief description of blockchain Technology
blockchain is a kind of technology, which solves the core "trust" problem in the market economy and reces the trust cost between strangers to a very low level
there is one crucial thing in the market economy, which is "trust". Without trust, no deal can be established. When you go to LAICHANG to buy vegetables, if you don't believe that the pesticide content in vegetable is up to the standard, you won't trade with that dealer; If you buy a bottle of water in a small shop, the clerk will not sell you the water if he doesn't believe that the money you give is real
the traditional small-scale peasant economy is acquaintance economy, and the transaction scale is limited to people who are familiar with each other nearby. If an acquaintance deceives you, he will lose your social relationship and damage his reputation in the whole circle of acquaintances. We believe that acquaintances are less likely to cheat us than strangers
therefore, once we are beyond the scope of acquaintances, we need to use a high cost to identify whether a stranger will cheat me and how to avoid the risk of being cheated. This situation will hinder the transaction and restrict the transaction
in addition, different races, nationalities, cultures, religious beliefs and so on will naturally have this kind of trust problem
in the market economy, why can there be so many transactions between strangers? Because of the birth of a new mechanism to solve the problem of trust in strangers
so far, the most important mechanism to solve the trust problem is the "trust intermediary" organization and mode
as long as you and strangers trust a third-party organization, the trust problem between you can be solved through this third-party organization
this third-party organization, we call it trust intermediary. Both the government and the bank are trust intermediaries
you can sell the goods you have worked hard to proce to a stranger in exchange for a stack of RMB banknotes. It's because the credit of the note issuing bank and the guarantee of the authority of the government guarantee the currency value and effectiveness of the banknotes. Otherwise, sell things, in exchange for a few ordinary paper, who would like to
in the era of global village and Internet, the people who buy your things may be strangers who will not meet and thousands of miles away. Trust is lower, so Alipay assumes the role of trust intermediation. Buyers first pay the goods to Alipay's account. When they receive the goods, they confirm that they are OK, then they agree to sell the goods to the seller. Taobao and other e-commerce have been booming rapidly in just over ten years
trust intermediary is in a central position in the transaction system. All transactions should solve the trust problem through it
However, the cost of trust intermediary itself is often hugeas a trust intermediary, how much transaction tax does the government charge each year? What is the most profitable instry? Financial services. The annual profits of Alipay's ant suit are over ten billion. p> What does this mean? Both sides of the market actually pay a huge trust cost
if there is any way to cancel or greatly rece the trust cost, the transaction cost of the general public can be reced, and the profits can be greatly increased
so in the Internet era, blockchain technology is on the stage
it allows the trading party to get rid of the intermediary, solve the problem of trust among strangers, and greatly rece the cost of trust
the blockchain can be expanded on a large scale, the data is open and transparent, the data of each client is consistent, and even if some clients are destroyed, the data security will not be affected. These highly reliable technical features can solve the trust problem of strangers with low cost
this technology can be extended to all fields that can be digitized, such as digital currency, payment and clearing, digital bills, proof of rights and interests, credit reference, government services, medical records, etc
in the medium and long term, blockchain will be a revolutionary technology, which will bring about great social changes like the existing Internet, and has great investment value and money making opportunities
in the future, the companies that can combine blockchain with different scenarios to promote applications may be the next group of bat, the next Google, Microsoft and apple
as the first practical application of blockchain technology, bitcoin has been widely accepted and used all over the world. Millions of users and tens of thousands of merchants have accepted the payment of bitcoin as a digital currency, and the exchange value of bitcoin as a currency is growing. Even e to the consensus that the total amount is fixed and the long-term value is bullish, bitcoin has become a hedge asset similar to gold, and the price has skyrocketed
Blockchain is a term in the field of information technology. In essence, it is a shared database. The data or information stored in it is characterized by "unforgeability", "trace in the whole process", "traceability", "openness and transparency" and "collective maintenance". Based on these characteristics, blockchain technology has laid a solid "trust" foundation, created a reliable "cooperation" mechanism, and has broad application prospects
on January 10, 2019, the state Internet Information Office issued the regulations on the management of blockchain information services. In October 24, 2019, ring the eighteenth collective learning of the Central Political Bureau, general secretary Xi Jinping stressed that "block chain as an important breakthrough in core technology and independent innovation", "accelerating the development of block chain technology and instrial innovation". "Blockchain" has entered the public field of vision and become the focus of social attention
on December 2, 2019, the word was selected into the top ten catchwords of "biting words" in 2019
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Application of blockchain Finance:
since 2016, the major financial giants have also carried out blockchain innovation projects to explore the possibility of applying blockchain Technology in various financial scenarios. In particular, Puyin group took the lead in creating a "blockchain +" standard digital currency
standard digital currency refers to the process of assets identification, evaluation, right confirmation and insurance completed by a third party organization, which is written into the blockchain through careful digital algorithm to form the standard corresponding relationship between assets and digital currency, which is called standard digital currency
in order to realize the great leap forward development of blockchain finance, promote the new development of China's economy, accelerate the circulation of global assets, and realize the dream of rejuvenation that has been struggling for generations, Puyin group will hold the Guiyang strategic development ceremony of Puyin blockchain finance in Guizhou on December 9, 2016
the meeting will discuss the realization of digital circulation of assets by blockchain, the financial transaction mode of blockchain, and the application of blockchain services and social public instry. This conference will mark the beginning of the application of blockchain finance and the change and development of the new financial ecology
whether it's the introction in the network, the answers given by everyone, or the simple and easy to understand introction, you may not really understand blockchain. It's recommended to read more relevant information to understand its landing application. Cryptofinance focuses on blockchain information
blockchain is a decentralized distributed ledger database . The advantage of this distributed ledger is that buyers and sellers can trade directly without any intermediary. Everyone has a backup, even if you lose this, it will not be affected
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blockchain application field
1, financial field
blockchain has potential huge application value in international exchange, letter of credit, equity registration, stock exchange and other financial fields. The application of blockchain technology in the financial instry can save the third-party intermediary link and realize the point-to-point direct docking, so as to greatly rece the cost and quickly complete the transaction payment
2. The Internet of things and logistics
blockchain can also be naturally combined in the field of Internet of things and logistics. Through blockchain, we can rece logistics costs, trace the proction and delivery process of goods, and improve the efficiency of supply chain management. This field is considered as a promising application direction of blockchain
3. The data stored on the public welfare field
blockchain is highly reliable and tamperable, which is naturally suitable for social public welfare scenarios. The relevant information in the public welfare process, such as donation project, collection details, fund flow, recipient feedback, etc., can be stored on the blockchain, and can be made transparent and public, which is convenient for social supervision
4. In the field of insurance
in terms of insurance claims, insurance institutions are responsible for fund collection, investment and claims settlement, and often have higher management and operation costs. Through the application of smart contract, there is no need for the applicant to apply or the insurance company to approve. As long as the claim conditions are triggered, the automatic claim settlement of the policy can be realized
The way in which people keep accounts together is also known as "distributed" or "decentralized", because everyone keeps accounts, and the accuracy of the account book is determined by the program algorithm, not by an authoritative organization
this is the blockchain, the core is finished, blockchain is so simple, a common account book
six core algorithms of blockchain Technology:
blockchain core algorithm 1: Byzantine agreement
the story of Byzantine is like this: the Byzantine Empire has great wealth, and the surrounding 10 neighbors have been around for a long time, but the Byzantine walls stand tall and firm, No single neighbor has been able to successfully invade. Any single neighbor's invasion will fail, and at the same time, it may be invaded by other nine neighbors. Byzantine Empire's defense ability is so strong that at least more than half of its ten neighbors attack at the same time before it can be broken. However, if one or several of the neighbors agree to attack together, but betray in the actual process, then the invaders may be annihilated. So each side was careful and could not easily trust its neighbors. This is the question of Byzantine Generals
blockchain core algorithm 2: asymmetric encryption technology
in the above Byzantine agreement, if several of the 10 generals send messages at the same time, it is bound to cause confusion in the system, resulting in different attack time schemes and inconsistent actions. Anyone can send the message of attack, but who will send it? In fact, it only needs to add a cost, that is, only one node can spread information in a period of time. When a node sends a unified attack message, each node must sign and seal to confirm its identity when receiving the message from the initiator
blockchain core algorithm 3: fault tolerance problem
we assume that in this network, messages may be lost, damaged, delayed and sent repeatedly, and the order of receiving is inconsistent with the order of sending. In addition, the behavior of nodes can be arbitrary: they can join or exit the network at any time, they can discard messages, forge messages, stop working and so on, and they may also have all kinds of human or non-human failures. Our algorithm provides fault tolerance for consensus system composed of consensus nodes, which includes both security and availability, and is suitable for any network environment
blockchain core algorithm 4: Paxos algorithm (consistency algorithm)
the problem solved by Paxos algorithm is how a distributed system can reach an agreement on a certain value (decision). A typical scenario is that in a distributed database system, if the initial state of each node is consistent, and each node performs the same operation sequence, then they can finally get a consistent state. In order to ensure that each node executes the same command sequence, it is necessary to execute a "consistency algorithm" on each instruction to ensure that the instructions seen by each node are consistent. A general consistency algorithm can be applied in many scenarios, which is an important problem in distributed computing. There are two models of node communication: shared memory and message passing. Paxos algorithm is a consistency algorithm based on message passing model
blockchain core algorithm 5: consensus mechanism
blockchain consensus algorithm is mainly workload proof and equity proof. Take bitcoin as an example. In fact, from a technical point of view, POW can be regarded as a reusable hashcash, and the generation workload proves to be a random process in probability. When mining a new secret currency and generating a block, the consent of all participants must be obtained, and the miner must obtain the pow work proof of all data in the block. At the same time, miners have to constantly observe and adjust the difficulty of this work, because the requirement for the network is to generate a block every 10 minutes on average
blockchain core algorithm 6: distributed storage is a kind of data storage technology, which uses the disk space of each machine through the network, and forms a virtual storage device with these scattered storage resources, and the data is stored in every corner of the network. Therefore, distributed storage technology does not store complete data in each computer, but stores the data in different computers after cutting. It's like storing 100 eggs, not in the same basket, but separately in different places. The total number is 100. Want to learn more, you can make more use of network search, network search results - small knowledge
At present, with the rapid development of science and technology, the situation is surging. If you and I are a little lazy, we may be out. No, the new blockchain is coming. Since the beginning of this year, blockchain has become one of the hottest knowledge points in the field of science and technology, and has become increasingly prominent in the fields of digital finance, Internet Governance and big data computing
blockchain technology also has broad application prospects in the military field, which is very likely to quietly subvert the future war
this is not Xiaole's boasting“ There is nothing more important about the three armed forces than secrecy. " We should know that in the future information battlefield, confidentiality is the key to win or lose the war. Because the blockchain system has many characteristics such as information independence, confidentiality and integrity, it can realize the perfect combination of data storage and data encryption. After being attacked, it also has strong recovery ability, and can protect highly sensitive data, which is of great help to win the war
according to the information collected by Xiaole, some countries are planning to build blockchain information platform and begin to study the application potential of blockchain in several scenarios such as military satellites and nuclear weapons; An international organization is currently evaluating the performance of blockchain technology in military logistics, Internet of things and other fields
if bitcoin and other digital currencies are blockchain 1.0 applications, blockchain 2.0 is the "smart contract" that provides a strong guarantee for network transaction data security. There will be 3.0 in the future, from Dao (blockchain self consistent organization), DAC (blockchain self consistent company) to blockchain society
"cultivate new kinetic energy with informatization, promote new development with new kinetic energy, and create new brilliance with new development." I believe that blockchain, the "new kinetic energy" of science and technology, will bring us more surprises: "one machine in hand, I have it in the world", "trade autonomy", more extensive sharing, and the optimal life mode... Blockchain technology will create a more honest, convenient, and efficient Era of big data
content source: Liberation Army Daily
in a narrow sense, blockchain is a kind of chained data structure, which is composed of data blocks connected in sequence according to the time sequence, and is a distributed account that can not be tampered with and forged by cryptography. In a broad sense, blockchain technology is a new distributed infrastructure and computing paradigm, which uses blockchain data structure to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithm to generate and update data, uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and uses intelligent contract composed of automated script code to program and operate data
both eurocrowdfunding and Ethereum use blockchain technology.