Blockchain fell across the board
1. Germination stage: the real germination stage of blockchain was from 2007 to 2009. In 2008, a Japanese American with the pseudonym of Nakamoto first expounded a new fantasy report on electronic money in the form of a synonym on the cryptography discussion group, and bitcoin came out. As early as 2007, Nakamoto began to explore a series of new technologies to create a new currency. On October 31, 2008, bitcoin white paper was released, and on January 3, 2009, bitcoin system officially began to operate
the main technologies supporting bitcoin system include hash function, distributed ledger, blockchain and asymmetric encryption; It can be seen that these technologies build the initial version of the blockchain, and it can also be said that the blockchain is the underlying technology of bitcoin. During the three years from 2007 to 2009, bitcoin was an experimental stage in which a very small number of people participated, and the real commercial activities had not really started
2. "Geek" niche stage: here, "geek" refers to people who are crazy about Internet technology and take technological innovation as fashion and life. On February 6, 2010, the first exchange of bitcoin appeared. On May 22 of the same year, someone bought two hamburgers with 10000 bitcoins. On July 17 of the same year, the exchange Mt. GOx was established, marking the official inflow of bitcoin into the market. Nevertheless, the only people who can really understand and enter the market to participate in bitcoin trading are geeks who are keen on Internet technology. They discuss bitcoin technology on the forum, mine for bitcoin on their own computers, and then buy and sell bitcoin on Mt. GOx. Now these geeks have become billionaires
3. Market brewing stage: the price of bitcoin was $13 at the beginning of 2013, but on March 18 of the same year, the government of Cyprus closed the bank and stock market e to the financial crisis, which made the price of bitcoin soar, and the highest price rose to $266 in April. On August 20 of the same year, the German government confirmed the currency status of bitcoin. On October 14, China network announced the opening of bitcoin payment channel. In November, the US Senate hearing also confirmed the legitimacy of bitcoin. On November 19, the price of bitcoin rose to US $1242, forming a new high. Nevertheless, the foundation for blockchain to enter the mainstream social economy is not yet available, and the soaring price of bitcoin is only e to over optimistic expectations. The containment of China's banking system, the collapse of Mt. GOx and other events made the price of bitcoin continue to fall. At the beginning of 2015, the price of bitcoin has dropped below $200. From 2013 to the beginning of 2015, the public began to understand bitcoin and blockchain
4. The mainstream period of blockchain: on June 23, 2016, the United Kingdom left the European Union, the fifth nuclear test of North Korea in September, Trump's election in November and other events, the uncertainty of the world's mainstream economy led to the recovery of bitcoin with the function of risk aversion. The market demand was large, and the increase of trading volume made the price of bitcoin soar from $400 in 2016 to $20000 in 2017, The wealth effect of bitcoin and the transaction overflow caused by network congestion of bitcoin have led to the outbreak of other series of virtual currencies, as well as a variety of blockchain applications, resulting in the emergence of a large number of blockchain assets that are 100 times, even 1000 times and 10000 times, which has aroused the crazy pursuit of the world, Subsequently, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange launched bitcoin futures trading, marking that bitcoin has officially entered the mainstream investment proct series, and bitcoin and blockchain have entered the global attention
5. Instry landing stage: after the market frenzy in 2017, the virtual currency and blockchain have been adjusted in terms of market, supervision, cognition, etc. in 2018, returning to rationality. In 2017, many blockchain projects that follow the blockchain technology will graally die out with the cooling of the market, and the projects with real blockchain applications will be initially implemented. 2018 is not only the first year of the blockchain, but also a gold rush period for the blockchain. After the waves wash away the sand, what remains is relatively good gold
from the perspective of the history of blockchain development, blockchain technology is not yet mature and is currently in the growth period. The specific practical application of blockchain is only used in the financial field. It still needs a long way to go to apply blockchain from other instries. However, we should grasp the trend of blockchain and actively learn from the new field of blockchain.
According to the latest data of bitfinex, poloniex, gdax and other trading platforms, the price of bitcoin continued to decline for six consecutive days. The latest price has reached the $14000 mark of Tiepo, which has dropped more than 30% from the highest point
Once people realize that's how it works, they start selling it, he says. The old bitcoin network may not work
Oldenburg admits that buying, selling or trading bitcoin is not a problem nowadays, but when bitcoin transactions are recorded in the blockchain, that is, when each transaction is recorded in the digital ledger, the problem will come to the surface. The crux of the problem is that you can only process a limited number of transactions per second in a bitcoin network, which in turn depends on the "block size" of memory in which the transactions are stored. Aldenberg said that would lead to the scarcity of liquidity and the unavailability of cryptocurrency
All in all, aldenberg doesn't believe that bitcoin will become the currency people use everyday. As long as the network is run by this group [in the old bitcoin network], these solutions will be found in bitcoin cash, where I will see the future, he saidRoger Waugh, an early investor of bitcoin and known as "bitcoin Jesus", believes that compared with the traditional version of bitcoin, bitcoin cash is faster, cheaper and more reliable. Some people in the market have predicted that bitcoin cash will replace bitcoin as the big boss of cryptocurrency, because bitcoin cash is more suitable for the efficient market
However, on Tuesday, coinbase, the leading bitcoin trading platform in the United States, announced that customers could buy and sell bitcoin cash freely, which prompted the rapid rise of bitcoin cash in the past two days, more than doubled in two trading days and set a record high of US $4300 P>said in a weekly "House View" report: "what we think is all the characteristics of bubbles: high trading volume and little practical use, which indicates that many traders are seeking speculative returns. Although the supply of bitcoin is limited, there are many more widely used cryptocurrencies, and there are now thousands of potential substitutes. "
the report from UBS's chief investment office of wealth management reiterated the bank's attitude in October. UBS said at the time that it believed that the whole encrypted money market was in the "speculative bubble". p>
in this week's report, UBS wrote: "we do not recommend customers to invest in bitcoin or short bitcoin. In principle, the irrational time of these markets is much longer than you can tolerate."
currency circle: refers to the people who focus on currency speculation or even issue their own digital currency to raise funds. Generally speaking, blockchain project parties, exchanges and some blockchain media all belong to the currency circle
chain circle: refers to people who focus on the research and development, application or underlying protocol of blockchain. Without the technical support of the chain circle, the coin circle can not exist. In the future, the implementation of the blockchain scene will depend on the technology of the chain circle
mining circle: refers to the "miners" who focus on "mining"< Second, several investment behaviors of blockchain
currency speculation: similar to stock speculation, refers to the behavior of repeatedly buying and selling digital currency through trading platform in order to obtain high income
Soha: it's a transliteration of show hand, originally a term used in gambling games. It's the act of withdrawing all available chips at one time. When it comes to blockchain investment, it refers to investing all of your available assets in digital currency in order to speculate in money, which has the meaning of "bet your fortune"
Buddhist holding of cryptocurrency: it refers to the behavior of not caring about the price trend of cryptocurrency after holding of cryptocurrency. No matter how much the asset price of cryptocurrency falls, it will not rece the holding of cryptocurrency in hand
3. Segmentation of blockchain investors
banker: refers to the investor with strong capital volume, strong relationship network and the most informed information, who can influence or determine the price trend of a certain currency to a large extent
large investors: investors with abundant capital, but not as strong capital and relationship network as makers
retail investors: refers to the small amount of funds, small amount of trading, and unorganized investors< Four, blockchain investment common phenomenon
leek: is an image of metaphor, leek growth ability and adaptability are very strong, can be one after another in a large range of breeding. It is compared to some retail investors who do not know the market situation. Most of them are easily influenced by the investment sentiment. They buy at a high price and sell at a low price. Some people will lose money, and after they leave the market, new forces will enter. Like leeks, they will cut one crop and grow another soon
cut leek: it means that the dealer buys at a low price, speculates at a high currency price, sells at a high price after the retail investors come in and make a profit, and then smashes the plate to a low position. In this way, the retail investors will suffer losses and the dealer will make a profit. The makers and the big investors keep repeating this routine, that is, "cutting leeks", while the retail investors keep entering, the makers repeat the routine of cutting leeks
cut back: refers to the sharp drop in the price of digital currency, which is very huge, falling to half of the previous highest price. For example, when I buy a currency, the highest price of this currency is $100. After a while, I fall to less than $50. It can be said that my currency has been cut off
meat cutting: it refers to the behavior of selling stop loss in time when the price of digital currency falls in order to prevent the continuous decline from causing greater losses, so as to prevent greater losses in the future
being held up: it means that I spend a high price to buy a currency. After a while, the currency falls, and I don't want to sell it and stop loss in time. Instead, I choose to wait to see if the price can rise again. The waiting process is "being held up". In this case, I can be said to be held up
unwinding: it means that the purchased digital assets graally rise back after a round of sharp decline, and the price rising back exceeds the price when I bought them. At this time, I will not lose money when I sell these digital assets. This is unwinding
airdrop candy: refers to the free distribution of a certain amount of digital currency to users in order to promote the blockchain project at the beginning of the project. These free digital currencies are called "candy" by users.
Blockchain concept stocks fell sharply, mainly e to the collapse of bitcoin. This round of bitcoin was affected by regulatory news and unexpected accidents, resulting in a sharp decline in the market, which caused a collective setback of blockchain concept stocks. Blockchain concept stocks, coinbase, riot blockchain and Yibang international fell by 4.4%, 8.24% and 3.53%, respectively. On the same day, fire currency listed in Hong Kong shares closed down 7.02%, xiongan technology fell 3.7%, and Meitu fell 4.35%
Finally, I would like to remind you that on December 5, 2013, China issued the notice on the prevention of bitcoin risks, which defines bitcoin as a virtual commodity and makes it clear that bitcoin does not have the same legal status as currency and cannot and should not be used as currency in the market. We should be alert to risks and not invest blindlyArticle 80 If the decision-making organ, principal responsible person or indivial investor of a proction and business operation entity fails to guarantee the capital investment necessary for proction safety in accordance with the provisions of this law, thus causing the proction and business operation entity not to meet the conditions for proction safety, it shall be ordered to make corrections within a time limit and provide the necessary funds; If no correction is made within the time limit, the proction and business operation entity shall be ordered to suspend proction and business for rectification
those who commit the illegal act mentioned in the preceding paragraph, which leads to proction safety accidents and constitutes a crime, shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the relevant provisions of the criminal law; If the case is not serious enough for criminal punishment, the principal person in charge of the proction and business operation entity shall be removed from office, and the investor of indivial business operation shall be fined not less than 20000 yuan but not more than 200000 yuan
Article 81 If the main person in charge of a proction and business operation entity fails to perform the ties of proction safety management as stipulated in this law, he shall be ordered to make corrections within a time limit; If no correction is made within the time limit, the proction and business operation entity shall be ordered to suspend proction and business for rectification
if the principal person in charge of the proction and business operation entity commits the illegal act mentioned in the preceding paragraph, which leads to proction safety accidents and constitutes a crime, he shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the relevant provisions of the criminal law; If it is not serious enough for criminal punishment, he shall be removed from office or fined not less than 20000 yuan but not more than 200000 yuan
if the principal person in charge of a proction and business operation entity is subject to criminal punishment or dismissal in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, he shall not be the principal person in charge of any proction and business operation entity within five years from the date when the punishment is executed or the principal person is punished< Article 82 If a proction and business operation entity commits any of the following acts, it shall be ordered to make corrections within a time limit; If it fails to make corrections within the time limit, it shall be ordered to suspend proction and business for rectification, and may also be fined less than 20000 yuan:
(1) failing to set up a proction safety management organization or to provide proction safety management personnel in accordance with the provisions
(2) the main responsible persons and safety proction management personnel of the proction, operation and storage units of dangerous goods as well as the mining and construction units fail to pass the examination in accordance with the provisions< (3) failing to ecate and train the employees in proction safety in accordance with the provisions of articles 21 and 22 of this law, or failing to truthfully inform the employees of the matters related to proction safety in accordance with the provisions of Article 36 of this law
(4) special operation personnel fail to receive special safety operation training and obtain special operation qualification certificate according to the regulations and work on their posts< Article 83 If a proction and business operation entity commits any of the following acts, it shall be ordered to make corrections within a time limit; If it fails to make corrections within the time limit, it shall be ordered to stop construction or stop proction or business for rectification, and may also be fined not more than 50000 yuan; Those who cause serious consequences and constitute a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the relevant provisions of the criminal law:
(1) there is no design of safety facilities in a mine construction project or a construction project used for the proction or storage of dangerous goods, or the design of safety facilities has not been submitted to the relevant department for examination and approval in accordance with the provisions< (2) the construction unit of a mine construction project or a construction project for the proction and storage of dangerous goods fails to carry out the construction in accordance with the approved design of safety facilities< (3) the safety facilities of a mine construction project or a construction project for the proction or storage of dangerous goods have not passed the acceptance before they are put into proction or use< (4) failing to set up obvious safety warning signs on the proction and operation sites, relevant facilities and equipment with major risk factors
(5) the installation, use, detection, transformation and scrapping of safety equipment do not meet the national or instrial standards< (6) failure to carry out regular maintenance and regular inspection of safety equipment< (7) failing to provide employees with labor protection articles that meet the national or instrial standards< (8) special equipment and containers and means of transport of dangerous goods are put into use without obtaining a safety certificate or safety mark after they have passed the examination and inspection by a qualified organization< (9) the use of processes and equipment that endanger proction safety and are eliminated or prohibited by the state
Article 84 anyone who proces, markets or stores dangerous goods without approval according to law shall be ordered to stop the illegal act or close down, and his illegal income shall be confiscated. If his illegal income is more than 100000 yuan, he shall also be fined not less than one time but not more than five times of his illegal income. If there is no illegal income or his illegal income is less than 100000 yuan, he shall be fined not less than one time but not more than five times of his illegal income, A fine of not less than 20000 yuan but not more than 100000 yuan shall be imposed alone or concurrently; If serious consequences are caused and a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with the relevant provisions of the criminal law< Article 85 If a proction and business operation entity commits any of the following acts, it shall be ordered to make corrections within a time limit; If it fails to make corrections within the time limit, it shall be ordered to suspend proction or business for rectification and may also be fined not less than 20000 yuan but not more than 100000 yuan; Those who cause serious consequences and constitute a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the relevant provisions of the criminal law:
(1) those who proce, operate, store or use dangerous goods, fail to establish a special safety management system, fail to take reliable safety measures or refuse to accept the supervision and management implemented by the relevant competent departments according to law
(2) major hazard installations are not registered and filed, or are not evaluated and monitored, or emergency plans are not formulated
(3) carrying out blasting, hoisting and other dangerous operations without arranging special management personnel for on-site safety management
Article 86 If a proction and business operation entity contracts out or leases its proction and business operation projects, sites or equipment to units or indivials that do not have the conditions for safe proction or corresponding qualifications, it shall be ordered to make corrections within a time limit and its illegal income shall be confiscated; If the illegal income is more than 50000 yuan, a fine of not less than one time but not more than five times the illegal income shall be imposed; If there is no illegal income or the illegal income is less than 50000 yuan, a fine of not less than 10000 yuan but not more than 50000 yuan shall be imposed alone or concurrently; If any proction safety accident causes damage to others, it shall be jointly and severally liable with the contractor and the lessee
if the proction and business operation entity fails to sign a special work safety management agreement with the contractor or the lessee, or fails to specify their respective work safety management responsibilities in the contract or lease contract, or fails to coordinate and manage the work safety of the contractor or the lessee, it shall be ordered to make corrections within a time limit; If it fails to make corrections within the time limit, it shall be ordered to suspend proction or business for rectification
Article 87 If two or more proction and business operation entities conct proction and business operation activities that may endanger the safety proction of the other party in the same operation area, and fail to sign a safety proction management agreement or appoint full-time safety proction management personnel for safety inspection and coordination, they shall be ordered to make corrections within a time limit; If it fails to make corrections within the time limit, it shall be ordered to suspend proction or business< Article 88 if a proction and business operation entity commits any of the following acts, it shall be ordered to make corrections within a time limit; If it fails to make corrections within the time limit, it shall be ordered to suspend proction and business for rectification; Those who cause serious consequences and constitute a crime shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the relevant provisions of the criminal law:
(1) the workshops, shops and warehouses that proce, operate, store or use dangerous goods are in the same building as the staff dormitory, or the distance from the staff dormitory does not meet the safety requirements
(2) there is no exit that meets the needs of emergency evacuation, has obvious signs and keeps unblocked in the proction and business operation site and staff dormitory, or the exit of the proction and business operation site or staff dormitory is closed or blocked
Article 89 if a proction and business operation entity enters into an agreement with its employees to exempt or rece its legal liability for the casualties of employees e to proction safety accidents, the agreement shall be invalid; The principal person in charge of the proction and business operation entity and the investor of indivial business operation shall be fined not less than 20000 yuan but not more than 100000 yuan
Article 90 if the employees of a proction and business operation entity disobey the management and violate the rules and regulations of proction safety or operating proceres, they shall be criticized and ecated by the proction and business operation entity and punished in accordance with the relevant rules and regulations; If a major accident is caused and a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with the relevant provisions of the criminal law
Article 91 when a major proction safety accident occurs in a proction and business operation entity, if the main person in charge of the entity does not immediately organize rescue or leaves his post without permission or escapes ring the investigation and handling of the accident, he shall be demoted or removed from his post, and the person who escapes shall be detained for not more than 15 days; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with the relevant provisions of the criminal law
if the main person in charge of the proction and business operation entity conceals, falsely reports or delays in reporting proction safety accidents, he shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.