Market to book ratio of blockchain group

2. Blockchain technology is the underlying technology derived from big data, like a database recording all relevant important data. According to the research of jinwowo group, the characteristics of blockchain technology are as follows:
1-decentralization
2-transparency
3 - openness
4-autonomy
5 - information cannot be tampered with
6 - anonymity.

3. There is an edification blockchain in Beijing, which is owned by Tsinghua University edification Holdings (listed company), but is not a listed company

in addition, there is an edification blockchain technology company in Guangdong, which is an independent company and has no relationship with edification group

4. If you don't understand this, don't do it. It's all virtual things. When the landlord asks questions, it's deceptive. It's obvious that those who advertise on this platform value your principal

5. Ripple / XRP can't be g, but recently ripplelab team participated in WCG project (by contributing their remaining computer computing power to solve some scientific research calculation problems such as cancer, love death and so on). You need to take part in it, and ripplelab will give you some riparian coins according to your contribution.

6. Net assets is a company's own capital. For a joint-stock company, net assets is the property owned by shareholders, which is now commonly referred to as shareholders' equity. Net assets is the total assets minus the company's external liabilities, The increase or decrease of the amount of owner's equity at the end of the period affected by the annual profit and loss "does not equal or represent" the market value of net assets. Because it is the market value (usually the current market value), of course, it does not equal or represent the amount of owner's equity at the end of the period (here is the historical cost). Net assets is the owner's equity, which refers to the economic benefits enjoyed by the owner in the enterprise assets. The amount of net assets is the balance of assets minus liabilities. Owner's equity includes paid in capital (or share capital), capital reserve, surplus reserve and undistributed profit. The calculation formula is: net assets = owner's equity (including paid in capital or share capital, capital reserve, surplus reserve and undistributed profit, etc.) = total assets - total liabilities. Net assets is the part of the enterprise group's assets over liabilities, that is, the net value of all assets minus all liabilities. Net assets represent the property value of enterprise group owners (owners or shareholders). It includes capital stock, accumulation fund (surplus accumulation fund, capital accumulation fund), undistributed profit, etc. Because the net asset value of enterprise group belongs to shareholders, it is called "shareholders' equity" in accounting. It is an important index reflecting the business performance of enterprise groups. The net assets are affected by the original investment of the owner, the additional investment, the subsequent profits and losses of the enterprise group, and the amount withdrawn from the accumulated profits or investment. In order to reflect the shareholders' equity and credit risk of enterprise group, only tangible assets are included in the basic data of this scheme. As for the reputation of enterprise groups, patents and other intangible assets, they will not be included in the calculation. Considering the fact that the comprehensive strength evaluation should reflect the sustainable and stable development of the enterprise group, the net assets are calculated according to the average value at the end of three years. Namely: net assets = (net assets at the end of this year + net assets at the end of last year + net assets at the end of two years ago) ÷ 3. The year defined in the formula is the same as the turnover. If the profit entity view is adopted, the net assets are equal to shareholders' equity plus creditor's rights; If we adopt the ownership view of profit, net assets are equal to shareholders' equity. Price to book ratio refers to the ratio of stock price per share to net assets per share. Generally speaking, stocks with lower price to book ratio have higher investment value, on the contrary, they have lower investment value; But when judging the investment value, we should also consider the market environment at that time, the company's operating situation, profitability and other factors. The calculation method of price to book ratio is: price to book ratio = (P / BV), that is: stock market price (P) / book value per share & lt/ B> Net stock value refers to the total of the company's capital, capital accumulation fund, capital public welfare fund, statutory accumulation fund, discretionary accumulation fund, undistributed surplus, etc. it represents the equity of market to net ratio shared by all shareholders, also known as net assets. The amount of net assets is determined by the operating conditions of the joint-stock company. The better the operating performance of the joint-stock company is, the faster the asset appreciation is, the higher the net value of the stock is, so the shareholders have more rights and interests[ The P / B ratio is especially important in the evaluation of high-risk enterprises with a large number of physical assets[ The net value of stock is the main basis for determining the trend of stock market price. The stocks with high net asset value per share but low market value per share of listed companies, that is, the stocks with low price to net ratio have higher investment value. On the contrary, the smaller the investment value is, but when judging the investment value, we should also consider the market environment at that time, the company's operating conditions, profitability and other factors. P / B ratio can reflect & quot; If you give something, you get something in return;, It can help investors to find out which listed company can get higher output with less input. For large investment institutions, it can help them identify investment risks. Here we should point out that the price to book ratio is not suitable for short-term speculation to improve profitability. P / B ratio can be used for investment analysis. The net asset per share is the book value of the stock, which is measured by cost, and the market price per share is the current value of these assets, which is the result of trading in the securities market. When the market value is higher than the book value, the quality of enterprise assets is better and has development potential. Otherwise, the quality of assets is poor and has no development prospect. The market price of high-quality stocks is much higher than the net assets per share. Generally speaking, a market to net ratio of 3 can establish a better corporate image. A stock whose market price is lower than the net assets per share is like a commodity whose price is lower than the cost; Processed procts & quot;. Of course, & quot; Processed procts & quot; It's not that there is no purchase value. The question is whether the company will have a turnaround in the future, or whether it can improve its profitability through asset restructuring after purchase. It is the ratio between the market price and net assets per share. The lower the ratio, the lower the risk. The price to book ratio can also be used as a reference standard to determine the initial price of new stocks. If stocks are issued at a premium, the premium range should be determined according to the average investment potential of the market. At this time, the average p / E ratio of various similar stocks in the stock market can be used as the reference standard. The price to book ratio is the ratio between market price and net assets per share. The lower the ratio, the lower the risk. We should look at the price to book ratio dynamically, because the different accounting systems often make the concept of net assets different from that of overseas enterprises. What's more, net asset is just a static concept of enterprise assets, and there are some variables. Last year's profit will increase net assets per share, but this year's loss will rece net assets per share. Hainan Airlines, for example, had a net asset value of 3.26 yuan per share in 2002. In 2003, because of a loss of 1.74 yuan per share, it became 1.53 yuan, a decrease of more than 50%. At the same time, different composition bases of net assets per share often lead to different results. For example, Shenma instry has a net asset of 5.989 yuan per share, which is not high. However, it has accounts receivable of 1.211 billion yuan, which is equivalent to 2.14 yuan per share. Once the provision for bad debts is made, its net asset per share will drop sharply. For another example, Tongwei shares, although the current net asset per share is as high as 4.03 yuan, but its undistributed profit per share has reached 0.75 yuan, and it is ready to distribute to the old shareholders, so for the new shareholders, the net asset enjoyed is only about 3.3 yuan. In this way, we should treat the net asset from a dynamic point of view. According to relevant reports, the market price of 86 stocks is only 15% away from their net assets. In other words, as long as these stocks fall another 15%, they will fall into their net assets. If there is such a phenomenon in one or two stocks, it can be regarded as an accidental factor, which needs to be viewed with a dynamic perspective. But if it is such a large group, it should be paid enough attention, which means that opportunities in the stock market may begin to appear. In some cases of the transfer of state-owned shares, it is clearly suggested that the transfer price of state-owned shares should not be lower than the net assets per share, otherwise there will be the suspicion of the loss of state-owned assets. More importantly, most of the stocks that are only 15% of the net asset value are concentrated in state-owned holding companies such as iron and steel. It can be said that if the market falls again, when the market price is lower than the net assets, the price of state-owned shares will be lower than the market price, and then the bottom will appear. Therefore, investors should not blindly cut the flesh, otherwise they are likely to be short of the policy risk. P / E ratio refers to the ratio of stock price to earnings per share in a survey period (usually 12 months). Investors usually use the ratio value to estimate the investment value of a stock, or use the index to compare the stocks of different companies“ P / E ratio refers to P / E ratio“ "Price per share" represents the share price of each share“ Earnings per share "represents earnings per share. That is, the ratio of the stock price to the after tax profit per share of the stock in the previous year (P / E), which is a dynamic index to measure the investment value of the stock. P / E ratio is the ratio of market price per share to earnings per share of a stock. The price earnings ratio widely discussed in the market usually refers to the static price earnings ratio, which is usually used as an indicator to compare whether stocks with different prices are overvalued or undervalued. It is not always accurate to measure the quality of a company's stock with P / E ratio. It is generally believed that if the price earnings ratio of a company's stock is too high, the price of the stock is bubble and its value is overvalued. When a company grows rapidly and its future performance is very promising, the current high P / E ratio of the stock may accurately estimate the value of the company. It should be noted that when the P / E ratio is used to compare the investment value of different stocks, these stocks must belong to the same instry, because the earnings per share of the company is close at this time, so the comparison is effective [1][ Calculation method P / E ratio (static P / E ratio) = market price per share of common stock ÷ The lower the P / E ratio of the annual earnings per share of common stock, it means that investors can buy stocks at a lower price to get a return. Earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net income of the enterprise in the past 12 months minus preferred stock dividends by the total number of shares issued and sold. Suppose that the market price of a stock is 24 yuan and the earnings per share in the past 12 months is 3 yuan, then the P / E ratio is 24 / 3 = 8. The stock is considered to have a price earnings ratio of 8 times, that is, it can share a profit of 1 yuan for every 8 yuan paid. Investors calculate P / E ratio, which is mainly used to compare the value of different stocks. In theory, the lower the P / E ratio of a stock, the more worthwhile it is to invest. It is not reliable to compare the P / E ratios of different instries, different countries and different periods. It is more practical to compare the P / E ratio of similar stocks[ The stock price depends on the market demand, that is to say, it depends on the investors' expectation of the following items in disguised form: (1) the recent performance and future development prospect of the enterprise; (2) the newly launched procts or services; (3) the prospect of the instry. Other factors affecting the stock price include market atmosphere, upsurge of emerging instries, etc. The P / E ratio connects the stock price with the profit and reflects the recent performance of the enterprise. If the stock price rises, but the profit does not change, or even falls, then the P / E ratio will rise. Generally speaking, the price earnings ratio is: & lt; 0: it means that the company's profit is negative (because the profit is negative, it is meaningless to calculate the P / E ratio, so the general software displays as "-") & lt/ B> 0-13: undervalued 14-20: normal level & lt/ B> 21-28: that is, the value is overvalued 28+: reflecting the speculative bubble in the stock market < / B> Dividend yield listed companies usually distribute part of their profits to shareholders as dividends. The dividend per share of the previous year divided by the current share price is the current dividend yield. If the stock price is 50 yuan and the dividend last year is 5 yuan per share, the dividend yield is 10%. Generally speaking, this figure is on the high side, reflecting that the price earnings ratio is low and the stock value is undervalued. Generally speaking, the dividend yield of stocks with very high P / E ratio (such as more than 100 times) is zero. Because when the P / E ratio is greater than 100 times, it means that it will take more than 100 years for investors to recover their capital. The value of the stock is overvalued and there is no dividend. Average p / E ratio the average p / E ratio of U.S. stocks is 14 times, which means that the market is back

7. Let's talk about the basic knowledge first.
the basic concept of stock: (carefully summarized)

a stock
refers to the certificate issued by the company to prove the shares held by shareholders<

all the capital of B joint stock limited liability company is divided into equal shares, and the shareholders shall bear limited liability to the company to the extent of the shares they hold. The company shall bear limited liability for its debts with all its assets<

C Stock Code
Shanghai a stock trading code starts with 600 or 601
B stock trading code starts with 900

Shenzhen a stock trading code starts with 000
B stock trading code starts with 200

Shanghai new stock subscription code starts with 730
Shenzhen new stock subscription code is the same as Shenzhen stock trading code


According to the allotment code, the Shanghai stock market starts with 700, Shenzhen stock market starts with 080, and the quotation unit is

1. The minimum change unit of the declared price of a share is RMB 0.01. If you want to buy Jinshen development, the price of filling in the form is: 10.02 yuan, but not 10.002 yuan. The minimum unit of change in the declared price of B shares is US $0.001 (Shanghai stock market)

2, the maximum daily market price rises to (or falls to) 10% of the closing price of the previous day
ST shares, the rise and fall range is 5%
IPO and price limit the upper limit of the price rise on the day of IPO is the issue price ×( 1 + 1000%), the lower limit is the issue price × 1-50%) But the next day we have to follow the limit rules

3, the price limit of new shares
stipulates that the price of new shares on the day of listing should abide by some rules when entrusting. For example, Shenzhen Stock Exchange stipulates that the range of call auction on the first day of IPO is 150 yuan of its issuing price, and the effective range of continuous auction is 15 yuan of the latest transaction price. The effective bidding range of continuous bidding for the first day listing of new stocks in Shanghai stock market is 10% of the stock price at that time

4, one hand
one hand is 100 shares. In principle, stock trading should be carried out with one hand as an integral multiple
however, e to the shortage of "one hand" in the allotment, for example, if you give 3 shares out of 10, you will have 100 shares, which will become 130 shares, and then you can sell 130 shares. In other words, zero shares are not enough to be sold<

5, current hand
is the number of hand at that time

6, t + 1
t is the first letter of English trade. At present, the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges stipulate that the stocks bought on the same day can only be sold the next day, and after the stocks sold on the same day are confirmed, the returned funds can buy stocks on the same day<

7, call auction
(how to generate the opening price) before the start of trading every day, that is, from 9:15 to 9:25, the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchange begins to accept the effective trading orders of the shareholders. At the moment of the official opening at 9:30, the computer host of the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchange begins to match the trading, and determines the opening price of each stock according to the price of the maximum trading volume of each stock. There is no call auction in the afternoon. The scope of inapplicability of call auction: subscription of new shares, allotment of shares and bonds< Continuous bidding
8, call bidding
call bidding mainly proces the opening price, and then the stock market has to carry out continuous trading stage, so there is continuous bidding. If there is no transaction in call auction, the order will continue to be valid and will enter into continuous auction automatically, waiting for the transaction at the appropriate price. At the same time, shareholders all over the country are continuously inputting all kinds of effective trading orders into the computer host of the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchange, and the computer host of the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchange is also continuously bidding and matching all kinds of effective trading orders of shareholders all over the country

9, fill in the allotment form
whether to fill in "buy" or "sell". Some people say that I take money to buy the rights issue. Of course, I fill in "buy". It's right to issue shares in Shenzhen stock market. Fill in "buy". But in Shanghai stock market, we should fill in "sell". This "sell" is not "sell" rights issue, but "sell" rights issue and get rights issue<

10, additional issuance of new shares
the provisions are: in addition to the provisions of the administrative measures for the issuance of new shares of listed companies, listed companies should also meet the weighted average return on net assets of the latest three accounting years of not less than 10%, And the weighted average rate of return on net assets in the latest fiscal year is not less than 10%

1
2. The price of the additional issue is variable
3. No additional issuance to the original shareholders, only to the legal person. Such as Shenzhen Kangjia
4. Only additional issuance of funds
5< (6) the company will issue additional shares in several times< (7) online and late online prices are synchronized

11. Long investors who are bullish on the stock market and expect the stock price to rise

short investors who are short of the stock market outlook and expect the stock price to fall<

it is expected that the stock price will not go up or down in kanping, but wait and see the stock market investors

12. Diving means that the stock market will fall

13, and deer market means that there is a strong speculative atmosphere in the stock market. Speculators, like deer, frequently speculate in the short term and run when they see profits

14, short jump means that the opening price exceeds yesterday's highest price
short jump and low opening refers to the phenomenon that the opening price exceeds yesterday's lowest price
short jump gap refers to the space price where the opening price exceeds yesterday's highest price or the opening price is lower than yesterday's lowest price

15, golden fork
(golden cross) technical analysis terms. It refers to the trend graph that the short-term moving average crosses the medium-term moving average upward or the short-term and medium-term moving average crosses the long-term moving average upward at the same time

16, the specific trading information of buying and selling indivial stocks

17, the number of consigned buyers is input into the number of consigned buyers of a stock to be purchased by the host computer of the stock exchange. At present, the terminal computer of the sales department shows the number of the first five Commission buyers, while the number of the latter Commission buyers is generally invisible to the shareholders. For example, the buying orders one, two, three, four and five that investors see are the number of shares they want to buy at different prices

the number of consigned shares to be sold is entered into the number of consigned shares to be sold by the host computer of the stock exchange. At present, the terminal computer of the sales department shows the number of consigned sellers in the first five levels, but the number of consigned sellers in the back is generally invisible to shareholders. For example, the selling orders one, two, three, four and five that investors see are the number of shares they want to sell at different prices

18, commission ratio
by calculating the ratio of the difference between the number of consigned buyers and the number of consigned sellers and the sum of the number of consigned buyers and consigned sellers, it reveals the current trend of trading entrustment
45.95%, which indicates that at that time, at the opening of the deep development of trading, the power of buying was greater than that of selling

19, price first, time first, if many shareholders bought and sold a stock at the same time, We must follow the rule of "price first, time first"

20, the primary market (issuing market) is in the stage of recruitment, issuing, and can not be listed and circulated<

the secondary market (circulation market) is a market in which the shares of a joint-stock company can be traded after they have been issued

21, stock index
is generally used to reflect the change trend of macro and stock market itself. Its compilation principle is: the ratio of the market value of the stock price on that day to the market value of the stock price on the benchmark day. For example, the benchmark date of Shanghai stock index was set at December 19, 1990. Today's index = last day's closing index ×〔 Total market value today ÷ Total market value of last day. For example, on February 17, 2003, the total market value of Shanghai stock market was 4898.871 billion yuan, and the index was 1496.52 points. On February 18, the total market value of Shanghai stock market was 4899.142 billion yuan. The 18 day index is 1496.52 ×〔 forty-eight thousand nine hundred and ninety-one point four two ÷ 48988.71] = 1496.60 points. On February 18, it was 0.08 points higher than that on February 17

22, and the component index
Shenzhen Stock Exchange began to compile the Shenzhen Composite Index on January 3, 1995 and released it in real time on February 20 of the same year. The reason for compiling component index is that 2 / 3 of the share capital in China's stock market is illiquid, so the composite index is unscientific to reflect the changes in the stock market, while the component index is compiled based on the tradable shares, which is reasonable to some extent. That is: "who circulates, who counts"

23, P / E ratio = share price / earnings per share
reflects the relationship between a company's share price and its after tax earnings per share, and its calculation formula is the ratio of the closing price of the company's share price to its after tax earnings per share (earnings per share). For example, the closing price of Beiya group (600705) at the end of 2002 was 6.20 yuan, and its earnings per share in 2002 was 0.165 yuan. Therefore, the earnings ratio of the stock market at the end of 2002 was 37.58 times (6.20 times) ÷ 0.165) Because stock prices change every day, earnings per share is calculated only once a year. Coupled with the problem of non tradable shares, it is unscientific to use P / E ratio as the only standard to measure the stock market. In addition, P / E ratio is not calculated for loss making stocks

24, price to book ratio = stock price / net value per share (more important)
net stock value is the sum of capital accumulation fund, capital public welfare fund, statutory accumulation fund, discretionary accumulation fund, undistributed earnings and other items, also known as net assets. Divide the net value by the total share capital of the company to get the net value of each share. Net value per share is the basis for calculating P / B ratio (P / E ratio uses earnings per share), that is, P / B ratio equals the closing price of the day divided by net value per share. For example, the closing price of Beiya group (600705) at the end of 2002 is 6.20 yuan, and the net value per share in 2002 is 2.725 yuan, so the price to net ratio is 2.275 times<

25, transfer of custody
If a shareholder needs to change a business department to buy or sell stocks, he or she should go through the proceres of stock transfer and custody. The procere (transfer from business department a to business department b) is as follows:

1. Open an account in the transferring Party (business department b), and write down the name and seat number of business department B

2. Fill in the "application form for custody transfer" in the transferor (a business department)

3. The next day, go to business department B to check whether the stock has been transferred< 4. Shanghai stock exchange needs to cancel the designated transaction in business department a and re handle the designated transaction in business department B

26, ex dividend and ex dividend (XD, XR, Dr). Ex right is the English word for ex right. If it is ex dividend and ex right, it is called Dr for short
If a stock is ex dividend today, XD will be indicated before the name of the stock; If a stock is ex right today, mark XR before the name of the stock; If a stock is ex dividend and ex right today, mark Dr before the name of the stock

27, n before stock means n is the first letter of new. When the new shares are listed on the first day, for the sake of distinction, n is added before the name of the new shares<

28, road show. When a listed company issues shares, the company's leaders and stock underwriters introce the company's situation to the shareholders and accept their consultation. Now it is generally carried out through the Internet<

this is the most practical knowledge. After you understand it, you will have the feeling of seeing all the mountains at a glance.

my experience.
what stocks are fighting for is the will and the ability of independent thinking

choose your own stock, let others say it

to know such a fact, how many retail investors rely on stocks to make a fortune? If you rely entirely on the Internet or friends to provide information speculation, how much money you can make, rich in the hands of a few people, especially those who think about their own people<

my stock selection experience:
1, low price stocks (where else to fall)
2, P / E ratio to the bottom (small risk)
3, stocks that have been depressed for a long time (to turn over is a big wave)
4, choose the real big white horse instead of the bull stocks recognized by everyone
5, choose the company or instry plate that you are really familiar with, the fundamentals are very important, the technology is very important

8. 600215
600839
600569
000090
002086
000666

9. In the past three years, Phoenix Group has won more than 30 National Publishing Awards. The group has always maintained cooperative relations with publishers in more than 20 overseas countries and regions, and has established strategic cooperative relations with many international famous publishing institutions and publishing research institutions. In recent years, the group has cooperated in publishing and right trading more than 2000 books.