Blockchain technology development in China

1. blockchain instry has great growth potential. Five aspects promote the healthy development of technology. Blockchain basic situation analysis blockchain technology, as a technical solution for collective maintenance of a reliable database in a decentralized way, has the characteristics of decentralization, tamper proof, highly scalable, etc., and is becoming a new technology following big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence Virtual reality and other technologies are another emerging technology that will have a significant impact on the future, which is expected to promote human beings from the era of information internet to the era of value Internet. Some countries and regions in the United States, Japan and the European Union have promoted the development of blockchain as an important national development strategy, and vigorously promoted the research and development and application of blockchain technology. China also attaches great importance to the technological innovation and instrial development of blockchain. With the joint participation of it and other enterprises, a large number of new enterprises, new procts, new models and new applications have emerged. The application of blockchain in the fields of finance, government affairs, energy, medical and other instries has graally expanded, and is becoming an important force to drive the technological proct innovation and instrial transformation of various instries. The development of blockchain can be divided into three stages, namely, blockchain 1.0, represented by bitcoin and related financial infrastructure applications, and blockchain 2.0, represented by smart contract. At present, it is graally moving towards blockchain 3.0, which is based on blockchain technology and more complex in-depth application of smart contract. Statistical analysis of blockchain investment and financing in the first half of the year since 2016, the frequency and amount of investment and financing in China's blockchain field have increased sharply. According to the statistical data of "in depth analysis report on business model innovation and investment opportunities of blockchain instry" released by foresight Instry Research Institute, in the first half of 2018, the amount of financing in the blockchain field was about 10.7 billion, with a year-on-year growth rate of 1426% compared with the same period in 2017; The number of investment and financing events in the field of blockchain has reached 205, and it is expected that the investment in the field of blockchain will usher in another peak this year. Judging from the distribution of investment and financing rounds in China's blockchain field, the investment rounds in the start-up period (before round b) account for more than 95%. There are many instry pioneers participating in the investment together, and most enterprises are still in the race. Statistics and growth of blockchain investment and financing in the first half of 2014-2018 data source: prospective instry research institute collated the statistical analysis of Chinese blockchain enterprises and registered capital. In 2013 and before, there were only 26 blockchain related enterprises registered in China. In 2016, 116 blockchain enterprises were registered, 158 were registered in 2017, and 52 were registered from January to the end of June 2018. In terms of registered capital, there are 26 enterprises in China whose registered capital is less than 1 million yuan, accounting for about 6%; 197 companies have registered capital between 1 million yuan and 9.99 million yuan, accounting for about 46%; There are 171 companies with registered capital between 10 million yuan and 100 million yuan, accounting for about 40%; There are 31 companies with more than 100 million yuan, accounting for about 7%. Statistics on the enterprises and registered capital of China's blockchain enterprises from January to June 2013-2018 data source: prospective instry research institute collates the statistics of China's blockchain enterprises in terms of regions and fields. Among the 425 blockchain enterprises, 385 enterprises are gathered in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Sichuan and Jiangsu, accounting for 90% of the total. Among them, Beijing has the largest number of enterprises, accounting for about 37% of the country. In terms of instry, China's blockchain enterprises are mainly distributed in the fields of finance, bottom public chain, enterprise services, technical solutions, data services, health care, Internet of things, transportation, games, etc. Among them, 91 enterprises are engaged in the financial field, accounting for more than 21%. China's blockchain enterprise field distribution statistics data source: prospective instry research institute collates that China attaches great importance to the development and application of blockchain technology. Driven by multiple forces such as policy, technology and market, the pace of blockchain innovation has been accelerating. It has been deeply integrated with cloud computing, big data, Internet of things and other technologies. The scope of exploration and application has also expanded from digital assets to supply chain management, intelligent manufacturing, instrial Internet, social welfare, right protection and other fields. Five aspects to promote the healthy development of blockchain technology, and promote the high-quality development of digital economy. 1. Pay close attention to the international development frontier, jointly promote the research of blockchain related technology and instry, promote the standardization of blockchain development instry behavior, and create a good development environment. 2. Strengthen the construction of blockchain core technology capabilities. Establish and improve the collaborative promotion mechanism among backbone enterprises, universities and research institutions, guide it enterprises to strengthen technical reserves, accelerate the breakthrough of key core technologies, and improve the performance, efficiency and security of blockchain. 3. Support the development of entrepreneurship and innovation in the field of blockchain, encourage the cross-border integration of blockchain enterprises and user units, guide instry organizations to establish public service platforms, support third-party organizations to carry out blockchain service evaluation and testing, promote the enrichment of instrial applications of blockchain, and serve the transformation and upgrading of entity economy. 4. Actively build and improve the blockchain standard system, accelerate the development and application of key standards, and graally build a perfect standard system. Actively connect with ITU, ISO and other international standards organizations, substantially participate in more international standardization work, and actively contribute more "Chinese power". 5. We will accelerate the improvement of the policy environment for blockchain development, support qualified enterprises to carry out application innovation and mode innovation, and guide and encourage enterprises, universities and scientific research institutes to jointly cultivate professionals needed for blockchain development. Support eligible blockchain enterprises to enjoy the preferential tax policies of the state to support the development of software instry and small and medium-sized enterprises. The instrial scale is small but the growth potential is huge. The blockchain economy is on the eve of the outbreak period. The financial instry is relatively widely used, and the application of other instries has also entered the stage of exploration and development. It is estimated that the direct market value of blockchain will increase from US $410 million to US $7.68 billion between 2017 and 2022

2.

It's only in the first tier cities that we know about this technology, but it's not very widely understood, let alone in other tier cities. The banking sector is also preparing to apply blockchain technology, but it has not really been applied. The financial instry also needs to apply it, but I don't know when. To be exact, blockchain is only in the initial stage of trial in China

in China, the instry in which blockchain has been applied is network mutual help bar. As I know, network mutual help platform concentric mutual help is the first real blockchain landing application in China. Through blockchain and big data technology, we can eliminate the defects of traditional network mutual help mode and establish an open and transparent new network mutual help platform

you can download their blockchain customer service end to experience it

3. Since last year's speech, the development of China, especially blockchain + government affairs, has been particularly rapid. I believe that through the development of blockchain + government affairs to promote the popularity of blockchain, all kinds of fields are linked with blockchain and have practical application landing. At the same time, when there are practical social benefits, it means that China has entered the era of blockchain 3.0. Many blockchain + government applications in China, such as Changsha's SMIC blockchain public service platform, are actually the first blockchain 3.0 era to lead Changsha into. I believe there will be better and wider promotion in the future.

4. It can be written on behalf of others, [] [] in the first phase.

5. Blockchain technology has a lot of applications in finance, and many characteristics make the future of the financial instry have a lot of imagination

for a single (domestic) central bank, bitcoin can be regarded as a "foreign exchange currency", and bitcoin will not be affected by the central bank's monetary policy. From this perspective, bitcoin is bound to bring about the so-called currency competition. When American tourists travel abroad, they will encounter the experience of exchanging foreign currency with unofficial exchange rate. The original intention of local people to exchange dollars may be to avoid the impact of high inflation (inflation tax)

if this kind of exchange can be "carried forward and widely used", the government's way of using inflation tax to increase fiscal revenue will be limited, and the traditional foreign exchange control will lose considerable effect. As long as there is Internet or telephone, people can use digital currency as the exchange medium<

challenge global currency status

although bitcoin is unlikely to replace the world's major currencies in the short term, bitcoin still has the opportunity to play a leading role in some specific occasions. The status of US dollar is obvious in many countries in the world, but the liabilities created by foreign banks under US dollar denominated deposits have brought jurisdiction problems. If the Bank of America further provides bitcoin denominated loans and accepts the redemption of bitcoin, what should the regulatory authorities do? In fact, there are similar signs in the euro dollar market today

in other words, at a time of financial crisis, if the market wants bitcoin deposits instead of US dollar deposits, then the central bank's status as "lender of last resort" in the traditional sense will be completely lost

acting as a safe haven asset

a safe haven asset does not mean a risk-free asset, but refers to the asset that investors are willing to pour in at a time of crisis. In the 1970s, real estate was a safe haven asset; In the 21st century, American debt has become a safe haven asset. Can bitcoin become the next key safe haven asset? The answer may be yes or no. But looking back on the dominant position of CUF in Hungary's mortgage loans in the time of the euro zone crisis, bitcoin obviously has a chance to become famous in the first World War: under the background of dollar inflation and bitcoin deflation, the US dollar / bitcoin exchange rate will plummet because the US Federal Reserve can't expand the supply of bitcoin

play the role of securities

in a perfect macroeconomic model, securities trading should be seamless. However, under the influence of monetary policy, the liquidity of OTC transactions of bonds is very poor. Even the ten-year US bonds with the best liquidity have had liquidity problems. Demand for good quality collateral, usually treasury bonds, has soared. If blockchain technology is mature enough, it is likely to bring billions of dollars of collateral supply to the market. Of course, lower demand for treasury bonds may lead to higher interest rates

maintain the stability of financial market

there is a view that the use of blockchain will lead to the withdrawal of global central banks from the stage of history. This possibility naturally exists, but in the short term, it is not too realistic - the central bank needs a lot of hard assets, such as real estate and human capital, to find liquidity carriers / media to completely retreat from the background

there is also a view that blockchain technology will make the financial market completely transparent, thus bringing a more robust financial system. However, it should be pointed out that the mainstream diamond and davige bank squeeze model does not rely on the opacity of the financial market. In theory, the bank's portfolio is completely transparent. But even so, unexpected large-scale redemptions can still cause problems in the financial system

the central bank's digital currency / cash

the current currency and payment structure were formed before the birth of the Internet. The world has changed dramatically, so people must learn to adapt. There is no reason to refuse the possibility of central banks providing digital currency. Before bitcoin, the U.S. Treasury provided online digital bond accounts. Although this kind of account is not used for payment system, it can be applied in theory

the digital account of the central bank has many advantages. First, depositors no longer need deposit insurance because there is no default risk in the central bank; Second, money managers who hold a lot of money can choose the central bank account as overnight deposit instead of shadow banking; Third, the cost of paper money supply will be completely eliminated; Fourth, it will be very convenient for the central bank to pay depositors' interest to facilitate the transmission of the central bank's monetary policy

practical application

Bubi blockchain has made a number of breakthroughs in the technical platform, which can meet the scenario of tens of millions of users, and has the ability to quickly build the upper application business. Bubi blockchain has been applied in equity, supply chain, points and other fields, and is concting experiments and application tests with exchanges and banks. As an integral application on Bubi blockchain platform, Shubei Hebao has been launched recently. Sunshine insurance, as the first large financial institution in China, issues blockchain integral (yangguangbei) on this platform, which is a good example for the landing application of blockchain technology in various instries

blockchain technology will have a profound impact on the financial instry and have an important impact in a long time. People will witness the profound changes in reality one by one.

6. At the 2017 global blockchain finance summit held in Hangzhou, it was pointed out that the global blockchain technology is developing at an amazing speed and a large number of applications are accelerating. It is estimated that in 2020, the blockchain instry will generate US $80-110 billion in revenue, and Internet finance, which stands at the forefront, is expected to benefit first. At present, China has 105 blockchain enterprises, second only to the United States, ranking second in the world. With the development of domestic blockchain enterprises, China is likely to become a new growth pole of global blockchain instry< However, e to the lack of top-level planning and design, the development of blockchain instry is greatly restricted. However, blockchain technology is too professional and changes too fast, so it is difficult to issue accurate supportive policies in the short term. From the perspective of application field, it is the financial instry that is most suitable for blockchain and is most likely to cause change first. Finance and the development of science and technology have been inseparable. Financial innovation with the help of modern information technology has become the main mode of competition in the financial instry
in view of the bright future of blockchain, the capital has long been in the lead. According to the data of the in-depth analysis report on business model innovation and investment opportunities of China's blockchain Instry issued by foresight Instry Research Institute, the scale of global blockchain venture capital has increased from US $2 million in 2012 to US $484 million in 2015, with about 205 venture capital institutions participating in it. The high capital heat can be seen
in the face of the opportunities brought by blockchain technology, relevant enterprises in China should continue to cultivate their "internal skills", increase R & D investment, boldly cut into the bottom technology reconstruction and establish instry standards, so as to strive for greater voice in the global blockchain instry.

7. N1 pass 100 points, language knowledge (words, vocabulary, grammar) pass 19 points, reading pass 19 points, listening pass 19 points
the new Japanese language proficiency test is to evaluate whether the students pass the test through the comprehensive score and the passing score of each item. That is to say, the comprehensive score must be above the qualified score, and each single score must be above the passing score set by each single score to be regarded as qualified< The test is divided into two parts: written test and listening test<
examination content:
the first part is "vocabulary", which is divided into four parts. The first part is 6 "Chinese pronunciation", the second part is 7 "meaning", the third part is 6 "synonyms", and the fourth part is 6 "usage". The overall feeling is that the number of questions is greatly reced and the difficulty is increased
the second part is "grammar", which is divided into three parts. The first part is 10 "grammar choices", the second part is 5 "sentence formation", and the third part is 5 "grammar in the article"
grammar questions are quite different from the previous examination forms. What remains is the first small part of "grammar choice". Although the difficulty of this part is much lower than before, but more emphasis on practicality and solid foundation
the second part of "sentence formation" may be very difficult and time-consuming for candidates, but if we find a way, it can be solved in a short time. In June, I explained and practiced the methods of this part in the exam intensive class. It is expected that all candidates who have participated in this intensive class should have a clear idea
the third part is "grammar in the article". The so-called knowledge workers are mainly engaged in "reading" and "writing". This is also the reason why the proportion of "reading" is greatly increased in the new examination reform. The next "reading" is divided into six parts. The first part is four "short stories", the second part is three "middle stories", the third part is one "long story", the fourth part is one "comparison of two articles", the fifth part is one "long story", and the sixth part is one "information retrieval"
so far, there are 71 written questions, 110 minutes< The fourth part is listening comprehension.

8. Now the blockchain technology has been included in the 13th five year plan