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refers to the social relations of material wealth or proction with economic value
in western economic theory, capital is a part of input (means of proction), including labor, land and capital
capital refers to the factors of proction, which are rable goods. According to the current mainstream macroeconomics, capital can be divided into material capital, human capital, natural resources and technological knowledge< Human capital: (human capital) human capital is a term used by economists to refer to the knowledge and skills acquired by workers through ecation, training and experience
financial capital, such as stocks and bonds, will appear in the form of capital asset and can be traded in the financial market. Its market value is not based on its accumulated investment amount, but on its market expectation for future earnings and risks. Natural capital (English: natural capital) refers to the inherent natural ecology, which provides living needs and other resources. For example, rivers can provide farmland water. Social capital is often regarded as goodwill or brand value in private enterprises. However, social capital is a broader concept. It refers to the sum of resources or capabilities mobilized through social networks to achieve instrumental or emotional purposes. At the beginning, the academic definition of instructional capital refers to teaching and transferring knowledge to indivials who do not have relevant knowledge. For example, intellectual capital and intellectual capital also describe similar concepts. However, its definition is not exactly the same as the above academic definition, and there is no consensus on accounting treatment. Human capital generally refers to the sum of social capital, teaching capital and personal talent. In technical economics, human capital is used to define balanced growth, that is, the synchronous promotion of human capital and financial capital.
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Autumn, no matter where it is, is always good; However, autumn in northern China is especially clear, quiet and sad. The reason why I have traveled thousands of miles to catch up with Qing from Hangzhou, and even more to catch up with Peiping from Qing, is that I just want to have a taste of this "autumn", the autumn flavor of my old capital
In Jiangnan, of course, there is autumn, but the vegetation withers slowly, the air is moist, the color of the sky is light, and it is often rainy and windless; A person in Suzhou, Shanghai, Hangzhou, or Xiamen, Hong Kong, Guangzhou citizens, muddled past, can only feel a little cool, autumn flavor, autumn color, autumn mood and posture, always can't see enough, can't taste, can't enjoy fully. Autumn is not a famous flower, nor is it a good wine. The half open and half drunk state is inappropriate in the process of appreciating autumn It has been more than ten years since the autumn of northern China. In the south, every autumn, I always think of the reed flowers in Taoran Pavilion, the willow shadows in Diaoyutai, the insects singing in Xishan, the moon in Yuquan, and the bells in Tanzhe Temple. In Peiping, even if you don't go out, you can rent a broken house in the crowd of people in the imperial city. When you get up in the morning, make a bowl of strong tea and sit in the courtyard, you can see the sky high and green, and hear the sound of tame pigeons flying in the green world. From the bottom of the locust tree leaves, you can count the sunlight from the East, or in the broken wall waist, facing the blue flowers of morning glory like trumpets, you can naturally feel the very autumn. When it comes to morning glory, I think blue or white is the best, followed by purple black and light red. It's best to have a few thin and long autumn grasses at the bottom of morning glory as a foil The locust tree in the north is also an embellishment that reminds people of autumn. Like flowers but not flowers of that kind of pistil fall, in the morning, will spread all over the floor. When you step on it, there is no sound or smell. You can only feel a little tiny and soft touch. After sweeping the shadows in the shadows, the broom lines left on the dirt soil looked very delicate and relaxed, and subconsciously, and felt a little lonely. The ancient Chinese said that the leaf of the Wutong tree was in the deep place. p> The feeble sound of autumn cicadas is a special proct of northern China. Because there are trees all over Beiping and the house is low, their singing can be heard everywhere. In the south, you have to go to the suburbs or the mountains to hear it. The cry of autumn cicada is just like cricket and mouse in the north. It's almost like the insect that every family keeps at home There is also autumn rain. It seems that the autumn rain in the north is more strange, tasteful and decent than that in the southunder the gray sky, suddenly a cool wind came, and it began to rain. After a layer of rain, the clouds graally roll to the west, the day is clear, and the sun shows its face again. The idle people in the city with thick green cloth single clothes or jacket bite the smoke pipe. In the shadow of the inclined bridge after the rain, they go up to the bridge and stand down under the tree. When they meet their acquaintances, they will use a slow and leisurely tone, sigh and answer each other with a sigh:
"Alas, It's really cold -- "(this word is read very high and dragged on for a long time.)
"isn't it? A layer of autumn rain, a layer of cool
when people in the North read array characters, they always seem to be layered characters, which are flat and narrow. The wrong rhyme is just right
In autumn, fruit trees in the north are also a wonder. The first is the jujube tree. It grows up in the corner, on the wall, beside the hut and at the door of the kitchen. The date, like olive and pigeon's egg, shows a light green and yellowish color in the middle of the small oval leaves. It is the heyday of autumn. When the jujube leaves fall and the jujube is red, the northwest wind is about to rise. The north is a sty world. Only the jujube, persimmon and grape mature to the turn of July and August, which is the best day of autumn in the north, It's the best golden days of the yearsome critics say that Chinese scholars, especially poets, have a strong color of decadence, so there are many words praising autumn in Chinese poetry. But what is wrong with foreign poets? Although I don't read much foreign poetry and prose, and I don't want to write an account to write a poem and prose of autumn, if you go to the anthology of English, German, French and Italian poets, or Anthology of poetry and prose of various countries, you can always see many praises and sorrows of autumn. In the long pastoral poems or four seasons poems of famous poets, the part about autumn is always the best and most interesting. It can be seen that animals with feelings and human beings with interest always have the same deep, distant, severe and bleak feelings about autumn. Not only poets, but also prisoners who have been shut down in prison. In autumn, I think we can also feel a kind of deep feeling that we can't help ourselves. For people, how can autumn be different from each other in terms of nationality, race and class? However, in China, there is an idiom "Qiushi" in the text, and in the reading books there are very common Ouyangzi's "Qiusheng" and Su Dongpo's "Chibi Fu". I think that Chinese scholars have a deep relationship with Qiuhe, but the deep taste of autumn, especially in China, can only be felt in the north
The autumn of southern China, of course, has its special features, such as the bright moon of the 24 bridge, the autumn tide of Qiantang River, the cool fog of Putuo Mountain, the remnant lotus of litchi Bay and so on, but the color is not strong and the aftertaste is not lasting. Compared with autumn in northern China, it is just like rice wine and dried rice, porridge and steamed bun, perch and crab, yellow dog and camelautumn, the autumn of northern China, if I can keep it, I'd like to discount two-thirds of my life and get a fraction of one-third
In August 1934, he was in Peiping
analysis
1. Description of autumn in the old capital, as a lyric prose, its main part is the description of autumn in the old capital. The article uses "horizontal structure", from the old capital "autumn morning scenery", "autumn locust scenery", "autumn cicada scenery", "autumn rain scenery", "autumn fruit scenery" five aspects, closely linked to "old capital" and "autumn" two words, shows the "old capital of autumn" of "Qing, quiet, sad" characteristics
The article is through the contrast, the author's understanding of "autumn" and "autumn's emotion" is "full", "transparent" and "full", this contrast has become a means for the author to express deeper emotions. In order to set off this kind of emotion and make it more profound, the author takes care of it in the beginning and the end. This repetition makes the expression of emotion more intense As a rhetorical device, the so-called "swearing" is used at the end to express the strong affection for "autumn in the old capital"“ Autumn, the autumn of northern China, if I can keep it, I'm willing to discount two-thirds of my life span for a fraction of one-third. " This oath, with hypothetical reasoning as its logical background, deviates from reality in this impossible way and expresses the author's strong feelings for "autumn of the old capital" 
extended materials
the period from April 12, 1927 to the defeat of the Kuomintang in 1949 is called the white terror period. Yu Dafu moved from Shanghai to Hangzhou in April 1933 to avoid the terrorist threat of the Kuomintang. In July 1934, Yu Dafu went from Hangzhou to Beiping (today's Beijing) via Qing. He once again tasted the "autumn flavor" of his old capital and wrote this article The full text of autumn in the old capital is more than 1500 words, which uses 42 autumn words to embellish the "Qing", "Jing" and "desolation" of autumn in northern China, and also permeates the traces of Yu Dafu's negative and positive emotions in the tangle and struggle