Original computing power of blockchain

1.

blockchain is a new application mode of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies

blockchain is an important concept of bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated by using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains the information of a bitcoin network transaction, Used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block

some areas where blockchain can be used can be as follows:

& ᦇ 9642; Smart contract; Securities trading; E-commerce; Internet of things; Social communication; File storage; Proof of existence; Authentication

&9642; Equity crowdfunding

we can compare the development of blockchain with the development of the Internet itself. In the future, something called finance Internet will be formed on the Internet. This thing is based on blockchain, and its precursor is bitcoin, that is, traditional finance starts from private chain and instry chain (LAN), bitcoin series starts from public chain (WAN), They all express the same concept - digital asset, and finally converge to an intermediate equilibrium point

The evolution mode of

blockchain is as follows:

& 9642; Blockchain 1.0 digital currency; Blockchain 2.0 digital assets and smart contracts; Blockchain 3.0: implementation of distributed applications in various instries

2.

Blockchain includes public blockchain, joint (instry) blockchain and private blockchain. Public chain point-to-point e-cash system: bitcoin, smart contract and decentralized application platform: Ethereum

blockchain is a new application mode of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies

blockchain is an important concept of bitcoin. In essence, it is a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated by using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of bitcoin network transaction information, Used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block

extended data

according to the different degree of blockchain network centralization, three kinds of blockchains under different application scenarios are differentiated:

1. The blockchain with the whole network open and without user authorization mechanism is called public chain

2. The authorized nodes are allowed to join the network, and the information can be viewed according to the authority. It is often used in the inter agency blockchain, which is called alliance chain or instry chain

3. All the nodes in the network are in the hands of one organization, which is called private chain

alliance chain and private chain are also called licensing chain, and public chain is called non licensing chain

blockchain features

1, decentralization. Blockchain technology does not rely on additional third-party management institutions or hardware facilities, and there is no central control. In addition to the self-contained blockchain itself, each node realizes information self verification, transmission and management through distributed accounting and storage. Decentralization is the most prominent and essential feature of blockchain

2. Openness. Blockchain technology is based on open source. In addition to the private information of all parties involved in the transaction is encrypted, the data of blockchain is open to everyone. Anyone can query blockchain data and develop related applications through the open interface, so the information of the whole system is highly transparent

3. Independence. Based on consensus specifications and Protocols (similar to various mathematical algorithms such as hash algorithm used by bitcoin), the whole blockchain system does not rely on other third parties, and all nodes can automatically and safely verify and exchange data in the system without any human intervention

4. Safety. As long as 51% of all data nodes cannot be controlled, the network data cannot be arbitrarily manipulated and modified, which makes the blockchain itself relatively safe and avoids subjective and artificial data changes

5. Anonymity. Unless there are legal requirements, technically speaking, the identity information of each block node does not need to be disclosed or verified, and the information can be transferred anonymously

3. In one sentence, it is decentralization
blockchain is a new application mode of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies
the so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm to establish trust and obtain interests between different nodes in the blockchain system
in a narrow sense, blockchain is a kind of chain data structure that combines data blocks in chronological order in a sequential way, and it can not be tampered with and forged by cryptography
broadly speaking, blockchain technology is a new distributed infrastructure and computing method, which uses blockchain data structure to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithm to generate and update data, uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and uses intelligent contract composed of automated script code to program and operate data< Advantages:
1) the algorithm is simple and easy to implement
2) there is no need to exchange additional information between nodes to reach a consensus
3) it takes a lot of cost to destroy the system< Disadvantages:
1) waste of energy
2) it is difficult to shorten the block confirmation time
3) the new blockchain must find a different hash algorithm, otherwise it will face bitcoin attack
4) it is easy to generate bifurcation and needs to wait for multiple confirmations
5) there is no finality, and checkpoint mechanism is needed to make up for it.

4. At present, there are four main types of consensus mechanisms: pow, POS, dpos, pool
1. POW workload proof, which is familiar with mining, calculates a random number that meets the rules through and or operation, that is, obtains the bookkeeping right, sends out the data that needs to be recorded in this round, and stores it together with other nodes in the whole network after verification
advantages: complete decentralization, free access of nodes
disadvantages: bitcoin has attracted most of the computing power in the world, and other blockchain applications using POW consensus mechanism are difficult to obtain the same computing power to ensure their own security; Mining causes a lot of waste of resources; The period of reaching consensus is long, which is not suitable for commercial application.

2. Proof of rights and interests of POS, a mechanism of upgrading consensus of pow; According to the token proportion and time of each node; It can rece the difficulty of mining in equal proportion, so as to speed up the speed of finding random numbers< Advantages: to a certain extent, it shortens the time to reach a consensus
disadvantages: mining is still needed, which does not solve the pain point of commercial application in essence

3. Dpos share authorization certification mechanism is similar to the voting of the board of directors, in which the coin holders cast a certain number of nodes to verify and account on their behalf
advantages: greatly rece the number of participating verification and accounting nodes, which can achieve second level consensus verification
disadvantages: the whole consensus mechanism still depends on token, and many commercial applications do not need token to exist

4. Pool verification pool, which is based on traditional distributed consistency technology and data verification mechanism; It is a consensus mechanism widely used in the instry chain at present.
advantages: it can work without token, and realizes second level consensus verification on the basis of mature distributed consistency algorithms (pasox and raft)
disadvantages: the degree of decentralization is not as good as that of bictin; The multi center business model is more suitable for multi-party participation

it has great advantages in using consensus mechanism to ensure data consistency (the consensus mechanism is first proposed by ripple, and the network transaction synchronization mechanism with data correctness priority. In the consensus network, no matter how the software code changes, if you can't reach a consensus, you can't enter the network, let alone fork)
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PS: a little black, although the consensus mechanism can absolutely ensure that there will be no hard bifurcation at any time. However, the disadvantage of this mechanism is obvious, that is, it is much longer than the current bitcoin network to reach a consensus with other nodes. In extreme cases, the consequences of disconnection in ripple consensus mechanism network are also very terrible

it is possible that one day after the power failure in your home, the whole system will no longer be able to reach a consensus with other rippled nodes (in fact, the consensus mechanism requires more than 80% of the nodes to acknowledge your data before your submission will be accepted by other nodes, otherwise it will be rejected by exclusive nodes), Even you can only empty all your 500 GB data and resynchronize to connect to other ripple nodes

so at present, the existing rippled end is not suitable for civil use (if it is commercial, the impact is relatively small. For example, RL's own rippled node is hosted in Amazon cloud data center. If it has no response for a long time, it can make high claims, and there is almost no break in that place except for large disasters). This is one of the aspects RL has always wanted to improve.

5. Indeed, there are blockchain wallets using this technology, such as IDC
wallet. In fact, mnemonics are another form of expression of the private key, which has the same function as the private key, mainly to protect your blockchain money

6. 1、 Property law is the gospel of property owners

Article 12 of the constitution of the people's Republic of China stipulates that "socialist public property is sacred and inviolable", "no organization or indivial is allowed to occupy or damage state and collective property by any means", and Article 13 stipulates that "citizens' legitimate private property is inviolable", "The state protects citizens' private property rights and inheritance rights in accordance with the law.". The second paragraph of Article 73 of the general principles of civil law stipulates that "state property is sacred and inviolable" Article 4 of the property law stipulates: "the property rights of the state, the collective, the private and other right holders shall be protected by law and shall not be infringed by any unit or indivial." It can be seen that the equal protection of public property and private property in the property law actually improves the relative legal status of private property and establishes the principle that private property and public property have the same civil status, which lays the foundation for the legal restoration of the universal equal civil relationship between state-owned and non-state-owned property rights, Moreover, combined with the fact that the income and wealth of Chinese citizens have generally increased since the reform and opening up, the "property owners" protected by the property law have covered the actual interests of the vast majority of the Chinese people< Second, the property law is about the legal appreciation of RMB.


in the legislative explanation and deliberation report, the property law has made positive explanations or provisions on the right to contracted management of rural land, the right to use homestead, the right to use urban commercial residential land and other major property rights involving the vital interests of the masses, It fully reflects the principle of respect and retroactive protection for citizens' real right in fact. For example, Article 149 of the property law stipulates: "if the term of the right to use residential construction land expires, it will be automatically renewed." This is not only a supplement and improvement to the unreasonable legal provisions in the past from the perspective of social stability, but also a concrete manifestation of respecting citizens' factual rights to "things" -- the vital interests of the overwhelming majority of the people are the most important social public interests, and the law, as a form of protection, should only adapt to it rather than become a system shackle, The legislative practice of property law vividly implements the basic principles of "seeking truth from facts", "respecting facts" and "people-oriented". In terms of "automatic renewal of the right to use residential construction land" only, the property law dispels the huge interest ambiguity and injects huge future economic expectations for the real estate instry, which occupies an important proportion in the national economy. In other words, through the property law, the real estate instry has the right to use residential construction land, After the expiration of the term of the right to use residential construction land, the huge rights and interests of the state owned by the original provisions are clearly retained by the original property owner according to the fact of possession of the "property", which is actually a huge, clear and legally guaranteed social investment for the real estate economy through legislation. From the above point of view, the property law opens up the operation space for the legal appreciation of the important social universal property rights, which is not only beneficial to the asset appreciation of the related instries and fields involved in the rural land contractual management right, the right to use homestead, the right to use urban commercial residential land, but also a legal appreciation of RMB< Thirdly, the economic significance of the property law is underestimated by the society.

at present, we need to further study the economic significance of the property law and look for the significant impact of the implementation of the property law on the real estate economy, financial economy and rural economy. We must pay attention to that this is an objective fact, What's more, it is an important effect that will continue to play a role in the future, or it is a far-reaching event that touches all fields of China's social and economic life. A realistic suggestion is that it is necessary for the economic instry and the general market people to explore the strategic influence from the property law in combination with their own reality, so as to obtain specific and practical strategic enlightenment

7. Computing power is a measure of the total computing power of generating new fast units under certain network consumption. If the computing power of the blockchain is insufficient, it is suggested to take a look at the tenth power computing power platform, which provides computing power leasing services.

8.

The current development stage of blockchain Technology: financial value period, credit value period and governance value period. Among them, blockchain 3.0 and 4.0 are developing rapidly. It is predicted that there will be a wave of great changes in blockchain technology

ecology makes the main chain and the side chain

ecol ecology makes the team deal with the difficulties faced by the side chain. Through data isolation and cross chain audit, the business data confidentiality and security of the side chain can be guaranteed, and the balance between data transparency and business confidentiality can be solved

and support multi side chain, main side chain communication, asset transfer, both integration and division of labor, both security and convenience. The main chain is mainly responsible for security and consensus. The side chain will provide smart contracts, token issuance, asset trading, cross chain interoperability, and the structure of the main and side chains. Through slimming and pruning technology, it can effectively prevent block swelling, garbage accumulation, and shorten synchronization time. To clear the obstacles for the implementation of high concurrency and lightning network

ecol ecol makes it possible to connect different blockchains through side chain technology, which is the key to solve the problem of slow transmission speed and low efficiency in expanding the external structure of blockchain. In short, the side chain is like a channel, connecting different blockchains together to realize the expansion of blockchain. In the long run, ecolink will graally build a high-speed value Internet belonging to the side chain in the case of developing, applying and proposing solutions